Tree-exuded gums are natural polymers that represent an abundant raw material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The cashew gum can be obtained by exudation of trees of the genus Anacardium, ...a native species of the Brazilian northeast; its polymer consists of monosaccharide units propitious to the action of chemical reactions that tend to improve their intrinsic characteristics among them, as the degree of hydro-solubility. The objective of this work was to modify the exudate gum of Anacardium occidentale (cashew gum (CG)) through an amine reaction. The modification was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (sup.1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). In addition, the chemical modification altered the molar mass and surface charge of the CG, and the amino group binding to the CG polymers was confirmed by FTIR spectra. In addition, cytotoxicity tests were performed where cell viability was estimated by an MTT assay on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Through these tests, it was found that the amine caused an increase in the thermal stability of the amino compounds and did not present cytotoxic potential at concentrations below 50.0 mg/L.
Rainfall is a meteorological variable of great importance for hydric balance and for weather studies. Rainfall estimation, carried out by satellites, has increased the climatological dataset related ...to precipitation. However, the accuracy of these data is questionable. This paper aimed to validate the estimates done by the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite for the mesoregion of Southern Amazonas State, Brazil. The surface data were collected by the National Water Agency – ANA and National Institute of Meteorology – INMET, and is available at both institutions’ websites. The satellite precipitation data were accessed directly from the NASA webpage. Statistical analysis of Pearson correlation was used, as well as the Willmott’s “d” index and errors from the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). The GPM satellite satisfactorily estimated the precipitation, once it had correlations above 73% and high Willmott coefficients (between 0.86 and 0.97). The MAE and RMSE showed values that varied from 36.50 mm to 72.49 mm and 13.81 mm to 71.76 mm, respectively. Seasonal rain variations are represented accordingly. In some cases, either an underestimation or an overestimation of the rain data was observed. In the yearly totals, a high rate of similarity between the estimated and measured values was observed. We concluded that the GPM-based multi-satellite precipitation estimates can be used, even though they are not 100% reliable. However, adjustments in calibration for the region are necessary and recommended.
A Comunidade Quilombola Kalunga fixou-se no Sítio Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural Kalunga (SHPCK), localizado no nordeste do estado de Goiás, e é considerada uma das áreas mais bem preservadas de ...Cerrado nativo em todo o Brasil. Isso se deve à dificuldade de acesso, às características geográficas locais e também ao caráter sustentável da produção agropecuária do povo quilombola que habita a região. Além de possuírem vasto território preservado, os Kalungas detêm conhecimento tradicional singular sobre as plantas locais e, graças à biodiversidade do Cerrado, eles têm acesso a plantas fitoterápicas e que podem ser utilizadas na alimentação humana e animal. No entanto, o número de espécies de plantas tóxicas também pode ser considerado elevado. Com este relato, objetivamos descrever a experiência única que foi a Expedição ao Sítio e Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural Kalunga, assim como ressaltar a importância das plantas tóxicas do Cerrado e da valorização do conhecimento tradicional.
Tree-exuded gums are natural polymers that represent an abundant raw material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The cashew gum can be obtained by exudation of trees of the genus Anacardium, ...a native species of the Brazilian northeast; its polymer consists of monosaccharide units propitious to the action of chemical reactions that tend to improve their intrinsic characteristics among them, as the degree of hydro-solubility. The objective of this work was to modify the exudate gum of
(cashew gum (CG)) through an amine reaction. The modification was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (
H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). In addition, the chemical modification altered the molar mass and surface charge of the CG, and the amino group binding to the CG polymers was confirmed by FTIR spectra. In addition, cytotoxicity tests were performed where cell viability was estimated by an MTT assay on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Through these tests, it was found that the amine caused an increase in the thermal stability of the amino compounds and did not present cytotoxic potential at concentrations below 50.0 mg/L.
The objective of this research is to perform a systematic review about the effects due to the practice of Yoga in children with ASD (Autism spectrum disorder) and consider if this practice applies or ...not, as a complementary treatment in other interventions of the same characteristics. For the study, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PRISMA model, about the effects of yoga interventions in ASD. The search was carried out in the argument engines: World Wide Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed, inclusion criteria was; publications from the last 10 years, in Spanish and English, students within 16 years of age of both genders and as an exclusion criterion; articles from other systematic reviews, theses and books. The results yielded 677 publications that after following the selection protocol, elimination of duplicates and selection by title, nine articles were selected that fulfill the established criteria for an accurate review of their content. Yoga interventions presented positive effects in behavioral, social, emotional and physical aspects. Due to this, it is suggested to implement yoga method as a model of intervention as a complementary practice to ASD.
The Amazon rainforest has undergone some changes in its vegetation cover due to the anthropic action driven mainly by the construction of a hydroelectric plant in the Legal Amazon. Those changes have ...impact on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, surface temperature, albedo and, consequently, in the net radiation. Thus, the main aim of this paper was to evaluate the modification of the biophysics parameters (albedo, NDVI, surface temperature and net radiation) at the surface due to the construction of the Santo Antonio power plant. Landsat-5/TM and Landsat-8/OLI satellite imageries (path 232 and row 66) of the dry season of 2008 and 2016 (before and after the power plant building) were used in this study. The results have shown that the NDVI and the net radiation diminish and both surface temperature and albedo have increased due to the power plant building. The highest impact was observed in a 2.5 km radius, but injuries still can be observed up to 10 km away. The results here presented have shown the impact of the Santo Antonio power plant building in the biophysical indexes and, consequently, in the reduction of the available energy in the study area.
The aim of this research is to describe the main reasons and difficulties for women to establish businesses and to identify possible differences between those that go into industry and those that ...establish commerce or service businesses. The establishment of business is highly important for Entrepreneurship and its understanding is relevant to pinpoint the reasons and identify the difficulties that entrepreneurs have to establish their companies. A quantitative study of 102 industry women entrepreneurs and 96 commerce/services entrepreneurs was carried out. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and by two Likert scales, which measured reasons and difficulties in the establishment of companies. A cluster analysis was undertaken to identify possible groups of attributes related to reasons and difficulties in the establishment of enterprises to group variables. The Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare reasons and difficulties in the establishment of enterprises between the two groups (industry and commerce/service) to identify statistically significant differences. Results by the Mann-Whitney test revealed that the two groups assigned the same level of importance to the reasons for business establishment: improvement difficulty in the previous job; desire to financially help offspring; re-entry into the labor market; earning lot of money. The same test showed no significant difference in importance level assigned to eight difficulties for the establishment of business: I did not believe in my own capacity; I had never had any link with other companies; I did not have any access to industry information; People did not believe in my potential; I was afraid to quit my job; I was never acquainted with a business plan; I had no money for advertising my business; I found it difficult to choose the location of the company. Results show that women entrepreneurs are not a homogenous group and that there is a need for public policies that would minimize difficulties in the setting up of companies to increase women's participation as entrepreneurs.
El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una revisión sistemática acerca de los efectos de las intervenciones basadas en yoga en niños con TEA para considerar si es recomendable o no su ...aplicación como tratamiento complementario en otras intervenciones. Para el estudio se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura por medio del modelo PRISMA, a cerca de los efectos de las intervenciones de yoga en el TEA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en los buscadores World Wide Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed, donde se aplicaron como criterio de inclusión; publicaciones de los 10 últimos años, en idioma español e inglés, estudiantes hasta los 16 años de ambos géneros y como criterio de exclusión; los artículos de otras revisiones sistemáticas, tesis y libros. Los resultados arrojaron 677 publicaciones, que luego de seguir con el protocolo de selección, la eliminación de duplicados y selección por título se llegó a la selección de ocho artículos que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos para una revisión profunda de su contenido. Las intervenciones con yoga presentaron efectos positivos en aspectos conductuales, sociales, emocionales y físicos. Debido a esto se sugiere implementar el yoga como modelo de intervención como práctica complementaria al TEA.
Abstract. The objective of this research is to perform a systematic review about the effects due to the practice of Yoga in children with ASD (Autism spectrum disorder) and consider if this practice applies or not, as a complementary treatment in other interventions of the same characteristics. For the study, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PRISMA model, about the effects of yoga interventions in ASD. The search was carried out in the argument engines: World Wide Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed, inclusion criteria was; publications from the last 10 years, in Spanish and English, students within 16 years of age of both genders and as an exclusion criterion; articles from other systematic reviews, theses and books. The results yielded 677 publications that after following the selection protocol, elimination of duplicates and selection by title, nine articles were selected that fulfill the established criteria for an accurate review of their content. Yoga interventions presented positive effects in behavioral, social, emotional and physical aspects. Due to this, it is suggested to implement yoga method as a model of intervention as a complementary practice to ASD.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) were initially designed to extend the coverage and accuracy of navigation systems, but given the possible applications, it is possible to analyze the ...different terrestrial phenomena from a specific methodology. how to estimate the speed and direction of the plate tectonics or blocks where the stations rest. In the present work we sought to extend and derive GNSS applications, seeking to better understand the regional geotectonics of the Pantanal Sedimentary Basin. In this sense, the combination of SIRGAS (Geocentric Reference System for the Americas) GNSS speed data with water surface data in times of flood and drought was modeled. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the variation in the volume and weight of the water during the times of flood and of drought are reflected in the position of the height ruler located in Corumbá-MS. This volume of water, in addition to promoting the reactivation of tectonic structures, exerts a lubricating effect on regional faults and fractures, and may act as a facilitator or inducer of regional earthquakes
PDF
