É com imensa satisfação que apresentamos o volume 3, número 1 de 2017 da Revista Internacional de Educação Superior – RIESup. O eixo temático deste número gira em torno de “Políticas de Educação ...Superior e Trabalho Docente”, e consta com 11 artigos, 2 resenhas de livros e um debate sobre pesquisa cientifica.
The aim of this study was to investigate the segregation patterns of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in families, given the evidence that its etiology is influenced by genetics. Clinically, ...MIH may be detected in parents and/or siblings of MIH-affected children. Our study included children with at least one first permanent molar affected by MIH (proband) and their first-degree relatives (parents and siblings). The participants were examined clinically to detect MIH, according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria (2003). A total of 101 nuclear families (391 individuals) were studied. Proband diagnosis was followed by MIH classification of the subject, his parents and siblings, as affected, unaffected, or unknown. Segregation analysis was performed using the multivariate logistic regression model of the Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology package, and segregation models (general transmission, environmental, major gene, dominant, codominant and recessive models). The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate the most parsimonious model. In all, 130 affected individuals, 165 unaffected individuals, and 96 unknown individuals were studied. Severe MIH was found in 50.7% of the cases. A segregation analysis performed for MIH revealed the following different models: environmental and dominance (p = 0.05), major gene (p = 0.04), codominant (p = 0.15) and recessive models (p = 0.03). According to the AIC values, the codominant model was the most parsimonious (AIC = 308.36). Our results suggest that the codominant model could be the most likely for inheriting MIH. This result strengthens the evidence that genetic factors, such as multifactorial complex defect, influence MIH.
Some evidence in vitro suggested that amoxicillin and fluoride could disturb the enamel mineralization. OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of amoxicillin and of the combination of amoxicillin and fluoride ...on enamel mineralization in rats. METHODOLOGYIn total, 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CG); amoxicillin group (AG - amoxicillin (500 mg/kg/day), fluoride group (FG - fluoridated water (100 ppm -221 mg F/L), and amoxicillin + fluoride group (AFG). After 60 days, the samples were collected from plasma and tibiae and analyzed for fluoride (F) concentration. The incisors were also collected to determine the severity of fluorosis using the Dental Fluorosis by Image Analysis (DFIA) software, concentration of F, measurements of enamel thickness, and hardness. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, or Games-Howell post-hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTSEnamel thickness of the incisors did not differ statistically among the groups (p=0.228). Groups exposed to fluoride (AFG and FG) have higher F concentrations in plasma, bone and teeth than those not exposed to fluoride (CG and AG). The groups showed a similar behavior in the DFIA and hardness test, with the FG and AFG groups showing more severe fluorosis defects and significant lower hardness when compared with the AG and CG groups, with no difference from each other. CONCLUSIONThe rats exposed to fluoride or fluoride + amoxicillin developed dental fluorosis, while exposure to amoxicillin alone did not lead to enamel defects.
Abstract The exposure to amoxicillin has been associated with molar incisor hypomineralization. This study aimed to determine if amoxicillin disturbs the enamel mineralization in in vivo experiments. ...Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly assigned into three groups to received daily phosphatase-buffered saline or amoxicillin as either 100 or 500 mg/kg. Mice received treatment from day 13 of pregnancy to day 40 postnatal. After birth, the offsprings from each litter continued to receive the same treatment according to their respective group. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content in the dental hard tissues were analyzed from 60 upper first molars and 60 upper incisors by the complexometric titration method and colorimetric analysis using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm, respectively. Lower incisors were analyzed by X-ray microtomography, it was measured the electron density of lingual and buccal enamel, and the enamel and dentin thickness. Differences in Ca and P content and electron density among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. There was no significant difference on enamel electron density and thickness among the groups (p > 0.05). However, in incisors, the higher dose of amoxicillin decreased markedly the electron density in some rats. There were no statistically significant differences in Ca (p = 0.180) or P content (p = 0.054), although the higher dose of amoxicillin could affect the enamel in some animals. The amoxicillin did not significantly alter the enamel mineralization and thickness in rats.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ICDAS training in a group of dental students for occlusal caries detection in permanent teeth. Premolars and molars (N=104) with occlusal ...surfaces varying from ICDAS scores 0 to 6 were cleaned, one occlusal site per tooth was selected, and a photograph taken to identify the site. Eight senior dental students examined the teeth twice with a one‐week interval between examinations during each of two phases: before and after the ICDAS e‐learning program. Teeth were histologically assessed for caries extension. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intra‐ and interexaminer repeatability were high, both before (0.75 and 0.72, respectively) and after e‐learning (0.82 and 0.78, respectively). The ICDAS scores decreased significantly from before to after e‐learning (p=0.0001). Correlation between ICDAS scores and histology scores was moderate (0.57 before e‐learning and 0.61 after). Although the ROC curve shows an improvement in the use of the ICDAS scoring after e‐learning, the difference was not significant (p=0.10). Specificity of the ICDAS scores significantly improved after e‐learning (77 percent vs. 36 percent), and sensitivity was reduced slightly after e‐learning (87 percent vs. 92 percent). The ICDAS e‐learning program improved the performance of the diagnostic skills of the investigated students for the detection of occlusal caries lesions.
É com muito prazer que apresentamos o volume 3, número 2 da Revista Internacional de Educação Superior da Faculdade de Educação da UNICAMP sob a temática: “Políticas e Democratização da Educação ...Superior”. Neste número temos dez artigos científicos, um ensaio, uma resenha e uma entrevista com o Prof Norberto Namarra.
Objectives
To date, there are no data available in the scientific literature about the diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in adults. We aimed to assess the MIH prevalence and ...clinical characteristics in adolescents and adults and its association with facial profile and occlusion.
Materials and methods
In this cross-sectional study, permanent teeth were evaluated in 275 patients between the ages of 12 and 49 at a dental clinic, using intraoral photographs. A calibrated examiner classified enamel hypomineralization using the MIH index. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square, Fisher’s tests, and ordinal logistic regression.
Results
MIH was observed in 12.73% of all patients. The most commonly affected teeth were permanent molars, while incisors, premolars, and canines were less affected. MIH usually appears as demarcated opacities, with less than one-third of the tooth affected. There was no association between severe defects and facial profile and occlusion, but rather with the higher age of the participants.
Conclusion
Enamel hypomineralization mainly affects the first and second permanent molars, but it could also be observed in the third molars, although it is not associated with the orthodontic characteristics investigated.
Clinical relevance
This is the first study to highlight the prevalence of MIH in adults. This result showed the importance of other specialists beyond Pediatric Dentistry in the diagnosis of this defect. In addition, hypomineralization of other permanent teeth (canines, premolars, and second molars) has been described previously in other studies, but this is the first to identify MIH in third molars.
El profesor Norberto Fernández Lamarra es profesor de posgrado, investigador y consultor nacional e internacional en el área de las políticas, la planificación, la gestión y la evaluación de la ...educación –particularmente con perspectiva comparada-, con énfasis en los últimos años en la educación superior. Actualmente es Director de Posgrados en la Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, en Buenos Aires, Argentina, donde, además, dirige el Núcleo Interdisciplinario de Formación y Estudios para el Desarrollo de la Educación (NIFEDE), el Doctorado en Políticas y Gestión de la Educación Superior y el Programa de Posgrados en Políticas y Administración de la Educación (Maestrías y Especializaciones). Es Presidente de la Sociedad Argentina de Educación Comparada y ha sido Vicepresidente del Consejo Mundial de Sociedades de Educación Comparada, entre los años 2010 y 2016 (UCCES) y Presidente fundador de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Educación Comparada (SIBEC). Dirige las revistas académicas Revista Argentina de Educación Superior (RAES), Revista Latinoamericana de Educación Comparada (RELEC) y Revista Latinoamericana de Política y Administración de la Educación (RELAPAE).
The aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and chlorhexidine gel in controlling white spot lesions (WSLs) adjacent to orthodontic brackets and to compare the ability ...of Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) to measure mineral uptake with that of transverse microradiography (TMR). Thirty premolars with artificially induced WSLs were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) two applications of 5% NaF-varnish (F), with one-week interval, (2) two applications of 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), with one-week interval, and (3) control (CO), no treatment. QLF was used to measure changes in fluorescence before and after caries induction, 1 week after each application and 1, 2, and 3 months after the last application of F or CHX. TMR was performed to quantify lesion depth and mineral content after caries induction to evaluate the effects of F, CHX, and CO 3 months after the last application of agents. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test. All treatments increased the mineral content during the experimental period; however, F induced faster remineralization than CHX. The correlation between QLF and TMR was significantly moderate. Two applications of fluoride varnish or 2% chlorhexidine gel at one-week intervals were effective in controlling WSLs.
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