Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic carbohydrate metabolic disorder. Diabetic foot injury is one of the chronic complications of people with diabetes mellitus because it can cause disability and even ...cause death. Cow blood waste is a waste that can disturb the environment. Components of the chemical elements contained in cow blood include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, erythrocytes and leukocytes which function in the body's defense by fighting infections so that cow blood waste is one alternative solution in the treatment of diabetic feet at a price affordable. Ethosome gel is a gel preparation that has the advantage of penetrating into the skin layer faster and significantly increasing the value of transdermal preparation flux. Based on the results of the study, the desired platelets from cow blood were obtained after sampling from the Makassar city slaughterhouse. The platelets obtained were then weighed as much as 0.5 g, 1 g, and 1.5 g to make a gel formula with a carbopol base of 1%. The gel that has been made is then evaluated like a homogeneous and clear gel physical examination. The pH obtained in formulas 1, 2 and 3 is 6.43; 7.00; and 6.80. The formula 1 has a viscosity of 47,342.6 cps and the formula 2 has a viscosity of 45,678.5 cps while formula 3 has viscosity 35,456.7 cps. In the stability test the results obtained were that the preparation did not experience changes in color and odor.
Superconductors are materials with the unique characteristics when the temperature of the material is below its critical temperature, namely zero resistivity. There are many superconducting phenomena ...that need to be explained theoretically. One of them is the effect of addition of impurities on the physical properties of superconducting materials. In this study, the addition of 0.01 Ni magnetic impurities in the Eu2-xCexCuO4+α-δ material has been carried out to form the structure Eu2-xCexCu0.99Ni0.01O4+α-δ, in an under-doped area with a concentration of Ce (x) = 0.09 and 0.10. Material synthesis was carried out by the solid reaction method with prefire at 900 °C for 20 hours, sintering at 1,000 °C for 16 hours, and annealing at 900 °C for 10 hours by flowing argon (Ar) gas. The XRD measurements were carried out to investigate the crystal structure, while the magnetic properties were carried out by SQUID measurement at temperature of 2 K to 30 K. From the XRD measurements, it was found that the crystals formed had a tetragonal crystal structure T’ which was indicated by the appearance of two main peaks with Miller indices (103) and (110), lattice parameter a is 3,904 Å in both samples, lattice c is 11.8752 Å and 11.9738 Å for the concentrations of Ce (x) = 0.09 and 0.10. The volume of unit cells obtained were 181.0178 Å3 and 181.0244 Å3 with the bond distance between Cu-O of 1.9521 Å and 1.9523 Å. It was also obtained that the crystal size were 86.2604 nm and 91.6735 nm. From the SQUID measurement, it was found that the material Eu2-xCexCu0.99Ni0.01O4+α-δ has paramagnetic properties. The value of the effective magnetic moment was decreased by reducing the addition of Ni impurities of 0.0057 and 0.0051.
Abstract
Agroforestry can be developed for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Farmers in Jepara Regency have long been developing sugar palm agroforestry for starch. Increasing the use of ...sugar palm and the low knowledge of farmers about the potential of sugar palm plants are a threat to the existence of sugar palm agroforestry. This study aims to inventory the potential distribution of sugar palm with the support of remote sensing and field surveys in Pakis Aji, Bangsri, and Kembang sub-districts which was carried out in August-December 2020. The interpretation results used Landsat 8 imagery and Google Earth images in 1161 sugar palm objects with the largest number in Bangsri District. Remote sensing accuracy testing with the Omission-Commission method obtained a value of 90.8%, which means the accuracy value is very high. The correlation test between the value of vegetation density (NDVI) and the survey results obtained a value of R
2
= 0.575 with a significance value of 0.00 <0.05. The overall potential of palm plantations is predicted to be 5740 m3 with an area for the development of sugar palm agroforestry of 10,008.9 ha.
Abstract
This study aims to identify areas and sprawl characteristics in Bekasi City. The City of Bekasi is a Jakarta’s buffer zone that experiences urban sprawl phenomena. The symptoms of urban ...sprawl in Bekasi City lead to the conversion process and resulted the densification of settlements in sub-urban areas. To control the land use caused by sprawl phenomena, it is necessary to identify the area and sprawl characteristics. This study used two approaches 1) to measure the urban sprawl index, 2) to analyze the sprawl’s characteristics in each village were identified as sprawl. The urban sprawl index is determined by the difference between the household ratio and built-up area ratio. Furthermore, the analysis of sprawl’s characteristic is using spatial analysis method. The variables in analyzing sprawl characteristics consists population density and building density. The results of this study indicate that1) 29 village or 51.79% village in Bekasi City identified as sprawl, and 2). From 29 villages, 10 villages indicate as low population density, and 9 villages indicate as low building densities.
Not only cities are entering the urban age but suburban villages are also feeling the impact of this global phenomenon. In Indonesia, the uncontrolled rural transformation has had some negative ...impacts because of the unpreparedness of various aspects such as land conversion, the emergence of the informal sector, and crime. This phenomenon is often referred to as developmental externalities that need to be anticipated in planning and controlling the growth of cities and villages. This inevitable rural transformation also occurs in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region. The previous rural transformation studies in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region are based on economic, spatial to socio-ecological perspectives and are still rarely studied from the perspective of urban studies. This article aims to examine the model of rural transformation in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region based on the Rural-Urban Transformation theory by Lo, Shalih & Douglass (1998), especially in the Simo, Sambi, Ngemplak, and Nogosari Sub-districts in Boyolali District. The qualitative methods consisting of interviews, 150 questionnaires, and field observations in 2017 and literature study were used for the discussion in this article. The rural to urban transformation of the Surakarta Metropolitan Region follows the Southeast Asian Model. This research opens a new discussion on how to create a sustainable city system in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region.
The present study was carried out to identify the misconception of sound properties among elementary school students. Conducted through descriptive quantitative, there were 69 students of fifth grade ...of Public Elementary School 192 Pekanbaru as the chosen sample. The instrument used was a Four Tier Test diagnostic test and interviews related to misconceptions. Based on the results obtained in this line of study, it was figured out that the level of students' understanding on the sound characteristics was 56.16%. The results of this study indicated that the causes of misconceptions in students come from the students' understanding, low student retention, wrong intusions, teacher learning methods, and reference books.
The number of coal-fired power plant in Java has been increased because of the government policy to supply the electricity in Indonesia to meet the electricity needs. This mega project is assumed to ...have an impact on the environmental and human health. In this study, the assessment of the air quality near the coal fired power plant has been carried out through characterization of the fine particulate matters. The particulate matters PM2.5 were collected in four sites in the vicinity of coal-fired power plant in Banten, West Java and Central Java, Indonesia. The elemental concentrations in PM2.5 such as Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb have been identified using energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence-EDXRF. The validation of XRF measurement was applied using standard reference material NIST SRM 2783 Air Particulate on Filter Media. The elemental concentration of PM2.5 especially for the toxic elements as well as the mass and black carbon were compared between four sites. For some sites, the level of elemental concentrations was lower than other industrial sites in Java, due to the sampling was carried out before the commissioning/normal operation. Further and periodical monitoring will be needed to obtain a better comprehensive result to assess the impact of coal power plant to the surrounding environment.
Land preparation in a traditional shrimp pond is one of the most important parts to do. Soil Redox Potential is an indispensable parameter to see the readiness of soil land or the level of fertility ...of cultivated land in carrying out activities. It is toxic to shrimp such as sulfide compounds (H2S), nitrites and ammonia. This research is descriptive in nature, by observing 5 traditional aquaculture ponds measuring 3500 m2, with shrimp densities of 100 individuals/m2. The use of Hydrogen Peroxide is pool 1 (0.5 ppm/m2), pool 2 (1 ppm/m2), pool 3 (1.5 ppm/m2), pool 4 (2 ppm/m2) and pool 5 as a control (0 ppm/m2). The basis for determining the use of Hydrogen Peroxide doses is from a minimum reference dose. The best results in pool 3 with a potential reduction value of 331 m/v, wherein one period the value of NH4 ranged from 0-2 ppm with ADG (Average Daily Growth) every week an average of 0.3 grams.
Abstract
Octopus is a commodity that has important economic value and high export value. Gugop Distric is one of the producers of octopus in the form of fresh products and processed products ...developed by Kube Mangat. It is said that the octopus species in Indonesia are dominated by
Octopus cyanea
, but there is no scientific certainty for the type of octopus in this Gugop village. This study aimed to identify morphometric analysis is for octopus. This research conducted in May-July 2022. Information on octopus resources in Aceh is still limited. Information about octopus biology needs to be known as basic information in octopus resource management. A total of 35 octopus samples were obtained, there are 5 key characteristics in
Octopus cyanea
including ocellus, bluish-white spots, brown markings all over the body, diamond-shaped papillae on the neck and head. The presence of false eye spots indicating that this species is
Octopus cyanea
. The size trend based on the total length of the octopus showed 6 classes with the highest total in the 68-72 cm category, namely 9 individuals. These results indicate that the octopus caught is still in a suitable size for capture feasibility and has entered the reproductive period.
The area of peatland in Indonesia reaches 13 million hectares, around 12.37%, 1.67 million hectares, used for plantations. Around 700 to 800 thousand ha are used for oil palm plantations, with a ...productivity of 20-25 tons / ha / year, this value is no less than that of other types of land. The purpose of this study was to analyze the social and economic impacts of oil palm plantation development, analyze the financial feasibility of cultivation on peat and non-peat lands and analyze the sustainable management model of oil palm plantations. The results of this study, the development of oil palm plantations has a positive impact on economic and social conditions. Social problems arose between the company and the community in the management of oil palm plantations when the government issued a moratorium on permits for the opening of oil palm plantations on peatland due to fire. The exploitation of oil palm on peatlands has lower benefits compared to mineral land. Management of oil palm plantations can be carried out on peatlands, but it is necessary to consider water regulation so that oil palm plantations are sustainable on peatland because peatlands are easily damaged land.
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