Shrimp aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing sectors in the world due to its high demand in developed countries; however, they are affected by diseases mainly caused by ...opportunistic pathogens results in huge economic losses. Today preventive and management measures are central concern to overcome such outbreak of diseases. The adverse effect of chemotherapeutics in shrimp farming has drawn attention for the development of non-antibiotic and environment friendly agents, which is one of the key factors for health management in shrimp aquaculture. In recent years, application of probiotics against virus and bacteria in shrimp farming had been a novel and safe approach since they promote the innate immune response. Probiotics for bacterial diseases like vibriosis is well reported, but for viral diseases, the authentic strains still need research. Apart from the discovery of new or better formulations, improvement in the probiotic benefits may be helpful. Thus, better and economic production methods, administration ways or combination with other preventive/therapeutic measures are welcomed. Further studies are still necessary to increase the knowledge about use of probiotics to control bacterial infections in shrimp but much more efforts are needed in the case of viral diseases. In this review, potential application of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture: importance, mechanisms of action and methods of administration are being focused. The article also explains the limitations and prospects of probiotics in sustainable and ecofriendly shrimp culture to augment the total shrimp aquaculture production.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study was conducted for 240 days to evaluate the effects of stocking density based on growth attributes, digestive enzymes, muscular composition, biochemical and physiological responses ...of Labeo rohita fingerlings in tropical inland open water cages. L. rohita (30.35 ± 1.08 g) were randomly distributed into three treatments, namely low stocking density, LSD (10 m
), medium stocking density, MSD (20 m
) and high stocking density, HSD (30 m
) in triplicates. Fish were fed twice daily with CIFRI CAGEGROW® floating feed (crude protein-28%, crude fat-4%). Fish growth and feed efficiency were higher (p < 0.05) in LSD, however, MSD registered a higher yield. Amylase and protease activity reduced whereas lipase activity increased with increasing stocking density. Muscle crude protein and crude fat formed an inverse correlation. The fillet quality deteriorated at higher stocking densities based on Muscle pH, drip loss and frozen leakage rate. The stress biomarkers level (glucose, cortisol, superoxide dismutase and catalase) increased in serum under crowding conditions. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum were significantly increased in HSD. Serum protein levels decreased with the increase in stocking densities. Body ionic imbalance (Na
, Cl
and K
) was observed under crowding stress. Based on growth attributes and multiple biomarker responses, L. rohita @ 10 m
was found to be the optimum density for inland open water cage culture.
Construction of a physical chromosome map of a species is important for positional cloning, targeted marker development, fine mapping of genes, selection of candidate genes for molecular breeding, as ...well as understanding the genome organization. The genomic libraries in the form of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones are also a very useful resource for physical mapping and identification and isolation of full-length genes and the related
acting elements. Some BAC-FISH based studies reported in the past were gene based physical chromosome maps of
(magur) to understand the genome organization of the species and to establish the relationships with other species in respect to genes' organization and evolution in the past. In the present study, we generated end sequences of the BAC clones and analyzed those end sequences within the scaffolds of the draft genome of magur to identify and map the genes bioinformatically for each clone. A total of 36 clones mostly possessing genes were identified and used in probe construction and their subsequent hybridization on the metaphase chromosomes of magur. This study successfully mapped all 36 specific clones on 16 chromosome pairs, out of 25 pairs of magur chromosomes. These clones are now recognized as chromosome-specific makers, which are an aid in individual chromosome identification and fine assembly of the genome sequence, and will ultimately help in developing anchored genes' map on the chromosomes of
for understanding their organization, inheritance of important fishery traits and evolution of magur with respect to channel catfish, zebrafish and other species.
Abstract
Riverine fisheries will have a knock-on effect due to the changes in water flow and increased irrigation in the agriculture sector to cope with the climate change impact. The present study ...showed a very high perception existing in the fishing community about climate change observed in the last 10 years. About 95% of fishermen understand temperature and sea levels are changing, whereas 91% responded that rainfall is changing and salinity also is increasing and 86% think extreme rainfall is affecting productivity. Moreover, though the monsoon period is shorter than the non-monsoon period, about 62.3% of the total fish catch in River Cauvery takes place during the monsoon. The variations in climate can enormously impact the inland fisheries, especially the riverine resources, their productivity and sustainability. With this view, it was attempted to: (i) investigate the changing climate trends in the major river basins of the Peninsular region of India over the decades, (ii) key drivers and its implication on the fish catch, biodiversity, inland fisheries, (iii) analyse the perception of the fishermen and (iv) suggest appropriate strategies like the development of climate-smart villages and waterbodies for livelihood and sustainable utilization of the invaluable biological resources.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented human health crisis in recent global history with rippling social and economic effects. The outbreak in India has resulted in emergency lockdown in the ...country for more than 2 months, and that caused decline in the catch, demand, and supply of fish. It has severely altered the life and livelihoods of the floodplain wetland fishers. These floodplain wetlands play a key role in socio-economic development of stakeholders, by generating employment and livelihood in the studied regions. In the present study, a systematic assessment was conducted to identify the impact of lockdown on floodplain wetland fisheries in India with the aim to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on wetland fishing, fisheries production, income, and food access. We conducted a rapid telephonic survey covering176 wetland fishers in 3 states to document the early impacts of the pandemic and policy responses on floodplain wetland fisher households. The majority of fishers report negative impacts on production, sales, and incomes. Fishers of three Indian states Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam lost 20, 25, and 9 fishing days, respectively. About 70, 60, and 55 % fishers of floodplain wetlands of the three states admitted that lockdown made them partially jobless. Fish harvest during March to May was 32, 44, and 20 % lower than the previous years in Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam. The fishers of Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam lost income of INR 10000/-, 12500/-, and 4500/- due to lockdown. The analysis also showed that 25% of fishers each responded moderate to severe psychological impact and anxiety symptoms due to COVID-19. Demand supply gap during the lockdown led to the in 20–40 % increase in farm gate price of fishes at the wetland level. The present study is the first of its kind in India to systematically assess the impact and discusses several magnitudes on floodplain wetland fisher livelihood, income, and food access and suggests strategies and decision support.
Two new species have been described from Indian waters, based on the materials collected from Kochi coast, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Mannar and West Bengal coast along the Bay of Bengal.
Ariosoma gracile
...sp. nov.
is described, based on five specimens collected from the landings at Kalamukku Fishing Harbour, Arabian Sea. The new species is characterised by longer tail, 55.3–58.7% TL; dorsal-fin origin above pectoral-fin base; no dark or whitish bands on dorsal surface of head, ventral extremities of lower jaw and mid-portion with minute dark pigmentation patch; anus positioned well before the middle of total length; SO canal with 4 pores; 0 or 3 pores on ST canal; pre-dorsal vertebrae 9; pre-anal vertebrae 49–54; total vertebrae 140–142.
Ariosoma gracile
sp. nov.
is closely related to
Ariosoma dolichopterum
and
Ariosoma emmae
by sharing similar morphometrics and pre-anal vertebral counts. However, it differs by having more total pores (132–135 vs. 121–129 in
A. dolichopterum
, 123–126 in
A. emmae
); fewer pre-anal pores (43–46 vs. 47–51 in
A. dolichopterum
, 50–53 in
A. emmae
); more pre-dorsal pores (9 vs. 5–9 in
A. dolichopterum
, 4–6 in
A. emmae
). Another new species,
Ariosoma kannani
sp. nov.
is described on the basis of two specimens (157–171 mm TL) from Gulf of Mannar and one specimen (201 mm TL) collected from Shankarpur Fish Landing Centre, West Bengal. This species is similar to
Ariosoma megalops
, but readily differs by having smaller eyes, smaller interorbital distance and exhibits 10.8% genetic divergence from
A. megalops
from the Taiwan waters.
Background: Right ventricular (RV) pressure undergoes a series of changes from foetal to neonatal period on both left and right heart. Pulmonary velocity acceleration time (PVAccT) measured by ...trans-thoracic echocardiography has been established as a reliable indicator of RV pressure measurement in neonates. This study aims to throw some light into the changes in the RV pressure by serial PVAccT measurements in the initial 12 weeks of life.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among term new-borns until 12 weeks of age and serial changes in the PVAccT values were recorded, reflecting the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), and the left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDD), left atrial diameter (LAD), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), right ventricular free wall thickness (RVFWT).
Results: There was gradual increase in the mean value of PVAccT with age from birth i.e., 1-3 days (70.08±18.62ms) to 3 months (86.23±17.31ms) (p=<0.05). Mean value of right ventricular outflow tract proximal diameter was also seen to have an increase from day 1-3 (0.92±0.19cm) to 3 months of age (1.09±0.01cm) (p= <0.001). There was an overall decrease in the mean value of the RVFWT from day 1-3 (0.37±.07 cm) to 3 months (0.27±0.07cm) of age after an increase at 1 month (p=<0.05). Statistically significant increase in mean LAD from 1.18±0.29cm to 1.40±0.35 cm and LVIDD from 1.54±0.31cm to1.96±0.27 was seen from birth to 3 months of age.
Conclusion: Changes in PVAcct and RV pressure with time from birth to 3 months of age will aid in early diagnosis of persistent pulmonary artery hypertension of new-born (PPHN) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
In the present communication a new glyptosternine catfish
Creteuchiloglanis nuthemuensis
, is described from the Duphlokho River in West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh, India, which is a ...headwater of the Kameng River in the Brahmaputra basin. The new species is eminent from all closely related species of the genus by a distinct combination of the subsequent characteristics: presence of long pectoral fin extending over the pelvic fin origin and its reaching posterior end of dorsal fin base, body depth at anus 12–15.8% SL, predorsal length 34.5–35.9% SL, pelvic fin length 16–19.8% SL, adipose fin base length 28.3–33.3% SL, caudal peduncle depth 6.6–7.6% SL, absence of pinnate-like rays on the first branching ray’s anterior margin and second simple ray of anal fin, head depth 9.9–11.3% SL, and eye diameter 5.3–7.5% HL. This is the sixth
Creteuchiloglanis
species described from the Brahmaputra River basin.
Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis
sp. nov.
, a new species of short brown unpatterned moray, is described, based on four specimens ranging from 272–487 mm total length collected from the trawl bycatch ...landings at Mudasalodai fish landing centre, off Cuddalore coast, Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India. The new species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: origin of dorsal fin at middle of rictus and gill opening, anus just before mid-body, series of lines of small dark spots present on head and a single line of black spot-on mid-line of body, jaw pores with white rim, anal-fin margin whitish, 3 pre-dorsal vertebrae, 56–59 pre-anal vertebrae and 139–150 total vertebrae. The new species differs from its known Indian water congeners by having series of lines of small dark spots present on the head and a single line of black spots on the mid-line of the body (vs. absent in all the three congeners in India), serrated teeth (vs. smooth), jaw pores with white rim (vs. black to brown in others) and higher vertebral count (139–150 vs. 134–138 in others). Our morphological and molecular analyses show that the new species forms a distinct clade from its congeners and these data support the status as a new species.
Reproductive biology of female amphidromous croaker Johnius coitor (Hamilton, 1822) was studied for the first time from various freshwater stretches of Ganga river basin, India in relation to ...climatic variability. The species showed high spatial variation in reproductive phenology and capable of breeding during pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. Water temperature is the most crucial environmental parameter influencing gonadal maturation and breeding. Generalized additive model (GAM) models revealed water temperature near 23–25 °C as optimum and threshold GSI above 3 units necessary for breeding. Pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50) and size at 50% maturity (LM50) benchmarked through Kaplan-Meier survival fit estimates were in the range 1.27–1.37 units and 19–24.5 cm respectively. First maturity of females was encountered at 11.4 cm within the size range 7.2–28.5 cm. Egg parameters in mature-ripe females ranged between 0.29–0.80 mm (diameter), 0.05–0.19 mg (weight) and 5687–121 849 eggs (absolute fecundity). Mapping of climate preferendum through LOESS smoothing technique hinted water temperatures <20 °C and >32 °C to be detrimental for attainment of pre-spawning fitness while no dependence on rainfall was observed. Based on the climato-hydrological influence on breeding and regional trends of changing climate along river Ganga, we infer minimal climate driven changes in breeding phenology of this amphidromous fish species. Results of this study may serve as baseline information for future studies assessing climate driven changes and evolutionary adaptations in croakers from river Ganga.
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