Halogenated compounds are one of the largest groups of environmental-hazardous chemicals. The removal of the halogen atom from the substrate is possible by the catalytic activity of a type of enzyme ...called dehalogenase. Hydrolytic dehalogenases are suggested to be a good biodegradation catalyst for halogenated compounds with potential bioremediation applications. Therefore, the identification of possible bacterial strains that produce dehalogenase is of great importance. Soil microorganisms that are regularly exposed to halogenated pesticides are a major source of hydrolytic dehalogenase. Their proper identification may be useful in the production of high-quality dehalogenase. DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) is quite a useful technique for the identification of active microorganisms that assimilate specific carbon substrates and nutrients. Metagenomics combined with a stable isotope probe (SIP) technique could therefore be used to detect bacterial dehalogenases in pesticides exposed agricultural soil.
•Antibiotics cause the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG).•Antibiotics entering the environment will create a significant health threat.•Animals and crops being given antibiotic are ...harmful to humans.•Bacteria and algae are ideal candidates for the bioremediation of environmental antibiotics.
In developing countries, the use of antibiotics has helped to reduce the mortality rate by minimizing the deaths caused by pathogenic infections, but the costs of antibiotic contamination remain a major concern. Antibiotics are released into the environment, creating a complicated environmental problem. Antibiotics are used in human, livestock and agriculture, contributing to its escalation in the environment. Environmental antibiotics pose a range of risks and have significant effects on human and animal health. Nevertheless, this is the result of the development of antibiotic-resistant and multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In the area of health care, animal husbandry and crop processing, the imprudent use of antibiotic drugs produces antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This threat is the deepest in the developing world, with an estimated 700,000 people suffering from antibiotic-resistant infections each year. The study explores how bacteria use a wide variety of antibiotic resistance mechanism and how these approaches have an impact on the environment and on our health. The paper focuses on the processes by which antibiotics degrade, the health effects of these emerging contaminants, and the tolerance of bacteria to antibiotics.
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•Rhizobacteria and plants can be used as a heavy metals and radionuclide cleaner.•Microbes enhanced phytoremediation technique could improve the mobility of radionuclide/ toxic ...metals.•Highlighted radionuclide tolerance bacteria and it's detoxification mechanism.
Heavy metals (HMs) and radionuclides are released through geological and anthropogenic activities and enter the environment through wastewater, soil and sediment. Large amounts of Pb (>1000 ppm), Zn (>4000 ppm) and Cd (40–400 ppm) have recently been reported in soils near Picher, USA. These inorganic pollutants cannot be degraded and cause damage to the vital human organs. Different industrial and municipal solid waste was a major source of HMs in soil, including airborne aerosols. In the same manner, nuclear waste and radioactive materials used (e.g., medical facilities) or released in different processes contribute to the environmental pollution of radionuclides. The release of such HMs ions from different sources leads to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and poses serious risks to the living organisms. As a result, proper management of waste from these sources, as well as environmentally friendly remediation methods, is imperative. However, recent studies have shown that it is more difficult to remove HMs and radionuclides from the soil, but they can be effectively neutralized or converted into a less toxic metabolites. The combination of a unique plant-microbe system plays a key role in the remediation process. However, new bioremediation methods are now being used to eliminate HMs and radionuclides. Microbes are capable of bio-transforming, bio-sorbing and biomineralizing HMs and radionuclides through their inherent catabolic process. Enhancing phytoremediation using different strategies for the remediation of HMs and radionuclides is necessary to ensure that the land resource is safe, fertile and productive for sustainable use.
The rhizosphere hosts diverse microbes crucial for plant growth. This is because plant roots secrete organic compounds, thereby enriching the rhizosphere with essential nutrients. Biochar improves ...soil quality, while nano-biochar shows promise in contaminant adsorption. Its production from biochar is easily achievable through top-down methodologies including hydrothermal synthesis, ball-milling, sonication, and centrifugation. The advantages of employing nano-biochar are evident in several aspects. Nano-biochar exhibits enhanced properties such as greater surface area, increased porosity, and greater reactivity compared to bulk-biochar. This enhanced surface area allows for greater adsorption capacity, enabling nano-biochar to effectively immobilize contaminants in the environment. In this review, detailed interactions and applications of nano-biochar are summarized. Nano-biochar interacts with contaminants in the rhizosphere by electrostatic interaction, cation-π interactions and redox reactions, influencing soil microbial communities and plant resilience. Nano-biochar can adsorb contaminants from the rhizosphere, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. Thus, it helps alleviate abiotic stresses, improves nutrient availability, and supports plant growth. Furthermore, the mechanistic processes of surface oxidation, mineral dissolution, organic matter release, and mechanical fragmentation in biochar are discussed, culminating in biochar ageing and nano-biochar formation, which creates a conducive environment for microorganisms. This review examines nano-biochar-rhizosphere interactions, highlighting their effects on plant-soil dynamics and resilience. Future research should address synthesis scalability and safety concerns to unlock nano-biochar's potential in sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
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•Nano-biochar interacts with contaminants in rhizosphere soil.•Nano-biochar's porosity and surface area shows advantages over bulk-biochar.•Nano-biochar fabrication enhances its adsorption of contaminants.•Multiple mechnisms are involved in contaminant sorption by nano-biochar.•Aged nano-biochar fosters beneficial microorganism growth.
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•Uptake and accumulation patterns of nanoplastics in soil–plant systems.•Explored Assessing the toxic effects of lithium on plants and soil ecosystems.•Synergistic interactions ...between emerging contaminants have been examined.•Explore the biotechnological approaches to the mitigation of nanoplastics and lithium.
Serious environmental concerns are associated with lithium and nanoplastics. Batteries of electronic devices use a considerable quantity of lithium, while nanoplastics (<1 μm) are found in many everyday products or come from the breakdown of large chunks of plastic waste, making them a significant hazard. These contaminants may also affect plant physiology and gene expression, affecting organisms across trophic levels. However, lithium-resistant bacteria and biochar can reduce the toxicity of emerging contaminants. An eco-corona could protect plants from emerging contaminants. Bioremediation may reduce the effects of these contaminants on plant health and the environment. This article summarizes recent research investigating the impact of lithium, nanoplastics, and other emerging contaminants on plant growth and development, along with a limited exploration of bioremediation strategies. It surveys these topics to protect the environment and promote sustainability.
Graphene-based nanomaterials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, graphene-based nanocomposites, etc.) are emerging as an extremely important class of ...nanomaterials primarily because of their unique and advantageous physical, chemical, biological, and optoelectronic aspects. These features have resulted in uses across diverse areas of scientific research. Among all other applications, they are found to be particularly useful in designing highly sensitive biosensors. Numerous studies have established their efficacy in sensing pathogens and other biomolecules allowing for the rapid diagnosis of various diseases. Considering the growing importance and popularity of graphene-based materials for biosensing applications, this review aims to provide the readers with a summary of the recent progress in the concerned domain and highlights the challenges associated with the synthesis and application of these multifunctional materials.
Abstract
The cleaner production of biomass into value-added products via microbial processes adds uniqueness in terms of food quality. The microbe-mediated traditional process for transforming ...biomass into food is a sustainable practice in Asian food industries. The 18 fermented fish products derived through this process as well as the associated micro-flora and nutritional composition have been focused. This review aims to update the process of green conversion biomass into value-added food products for a more sustainable future. Fish products are classified based on the substrate and source of the enzymes used in fermentation, which includes the three types of technology processing discussed. According to the findings, these fermented fish contain a plethora of beneficial microbiota, making them a valuable source of probiotics that may confer nutritional and health benefits.
Bacillus
(12 products),
Lactobacillus
(12 products),
Micrococcus
(9 products), and
Staphylococcus
(9 products) were the most common bacterial genera found in 18 fermented fish products. Consuming fermented fish products is beneficial to human health due to their high levels of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and lactic acid. However, biogenic amines, which are produced by certain bacteria as a by-product of their catabolic activity, are a significant potential hazard in traditionally fermented fish.
Sediment contamination jeopardizes wetlands by harming aquatic organisms, disrupting food webs, and reducing biodiversity. Carcinogenic substances like heavy metals bioaccumulate in sediments and ...expose consumers to a greater risk of cancer. This study reports Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn levels in sediments from eight wetlands in India. The Pb (51.25 ± 4.46 µg/g) and Cr (266 ± 6.95 µg/g) concentrations were highest in Hirakud, Cu (34.27 ± 2.2 µg/g) in Bhadrak, and Zn (55.45 ± 2.93 µg/g) in Koraput. The mean Pb, Cr, and Cu values in sediments exceeded the toxicity reference value. The contamination factor for Cr was the highest of the four metals studied at Hirakud (CF = 7.60) and Talcher (CF = 6.97). Furthermore, high and moderate positive correlations were observed between Cu and Zn (r = 0.77) and Pb and Cr (r = 0.36), respectively, across all sites. Cancer patients were found to be more concentrated in areas with higher concentrations of Pb and Cr, which are more carcinogenic. The link between heavy metals in wetland sediments and human cancer could be used to make policies that limit people's exposure to heavy metals and protect their health.
Explore the state-of-the-art in biosurfactant technology and its applications in environmental remediation, biomedicine, and biotechnology Biosurfactants for a Sustainable Future explores recent ...developments in biosurfactants and their use in a variety of cutting-edge applications. The book opens a window on the rapid development of microbiology by explaining how microbes and their products are used in advanced medical technology and in the sustainable remediation of emerging environmental contaminants. The book emphasizes the different techniques that are used for the production of biosurfactants from microorganisms and their characterization. Various aspects of biosurfactants, including structural characteristics, developments, production, bio-economics and their sustainable use in the environment and biomedicine, are addressed, and the book also presents metagenomic strategies to facilitate the discovery of novel biosurfactants producing microorganisms. Readers will benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the state-of-the-art in biosurfactant technology, techniques, and applications An exploration of biosurfactant enhanced remediation of sediments contaminated with organics and inorganics A discussion of perspectives for biomedical and biotechnological applications of biosurfactants A review of the antiviral, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm potential of biosurfactants against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. An examination of biosurfactant-inspired control of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus Perfect for academic researchers and scientists working in the petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, and in the agroindustry, Biosurfactants for a Sustainable Future will also earn a place in the libraries of scientists working in environmental biotechnology, environmental science, and biomedical engineering.
Biosurfactants are biomolecules produced by microorganisms, low in toxicity, biodegradable, and relatively easy to synthesize using renewable waste substrates. Biosurfactants are of great importance ...with a wide and versatile range of applications, including the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Plants may accumulate soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and the accumulation efficacy may be further enhanced by the biosurfactants produced by rhizospheric microorganisms. Occasionally, the growth of bacteria slows down in adverse conditions, such as highly contaminated soils with PTEs. In this context, the plant's phytoextraction capacity could be improved by the addition of metal-tolerant bacteria that produce biosurfactants. Several sources, categories, and bioavailability of PTEs in soil are reported in this article, with the focus on the cost-effective and sustainable soil remediation technologies, where biosurfactants are used as a remediation method. How rhizobacterial biosurfactants can improve PTE recovery capabilities of plants is discussed, and the molecular mechanisms in bacterial genomes that support the production of important biosurfactants are listed. The status and cost of commercial biosurfactant production in the international market are also presented.
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