This study examined whether playing an augmented reality (AR) video game might benefit players' psychological well-being. Specifically, it tested predictions afforded by integrating the ...broaden-and-build theory within the framework of the Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects model. An online survey of 399 U.S. adults aged 18-75 indicated that playing the AR game Pokémon Go was associated with various positive responses (increased positive affect, nostalgic reverie, friendship formation, friendship intensification, and walking), most of which predicted enhanced well-being. Additionally, two indirect effects of gameplay were moderated by social anxiety. For highly anxious participants, gameplay showed weaker associations with positive affect (a predictor of enhanced well-being), but also weaker associations with nostalgic regret (a predictor of reduced well-being).
(Bertoni) Bertoni is a plant of economic interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due its steviol glycosides (SG), which are rich in metabolites that are 300 times sweeter than sucrose. In ...addition,
plants contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids with antioxidant activity. Endophytic bacteria promote the growth and development and modulate the metabolism of the host plant. However, little is known regarding the role of endophytic bacteria in the growth; synthesis of SG, flavonoids and phenolic compounds; and the relationship between trichome development and specialized metabolites in
, which was the subject of this study. The 12 bacteria tested did not increase the growth of
plants; however, the content of SG increased with inoculation with the bacteria
H2A3 and
H5A2. The SG content in leaves paralleled an increase in the density of glandular, short, and large trichome. The image analysis of
leaves showed the presence of SG, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids principally in glandular and short trichomes. The increase in the transcript levels of the
,
,
, and
genes was related to the SG concentration in plants of
inoculated with
H2A3 and
H5A2. In conclusion, inoculation with the stimulating endophytes
H2A3 and
H5A2 increased SG synthesis, flavonoid content and flavonoid accumulation in the trichomes of
plants.
The offshore wind market demands a higher power rate and more reliable turbines in order to optimize capital and operational costs. The state-of-the-art shows that both geared and direct-drive ...conventional generators are difficult to scale up to 10 MW and beyond due to their huge size and weight. Superconducting direct-drive wind generators are considered a promising solution to achieve lighter weight machines. This work presents an innovative 10 MW 8.1 rpm direct-drive partial superconducting generator using MgB2 wire for the field coils. It has a warm iron rotor configuration with the superconducting coils working at 20 K while the rotor core and the armature are at ambient temperature. A cooling system based on cryocoolers installed in the rotor extracts the heat from the superconducting coils by conduction. The generator's main parameters are compared against a permanent magnet reference machine, showing a significant weight and size reduction. The 10 MW superconducting generator concept will be experimentally validated with a small-scale magnetic machine, which has innovative components such as superconducting coils, modular cryostats and cooling systems, and will have similar size and characteristics as the 10 MW generator.
In plants, phosphorus (P) uptake occurs via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and through plant roots. The phosphate concentration is known to affect colonization by AM fungi, and the effect ...depends on the plant species.
plants are valuable sources of sweetener compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), and the principal components of SGs are stevioside and rebaudioside A. However, a detailed analysis describing the effect of the phosphate concentration on the colonization of AM fungi in the roots and the relationship of these factors to the accumulation of SGs and photochemical performance has not been performed; such an analysis was the aim of this study. The results indicated that low phosphate concentrations (20 and 200 µM KH
PO
) induced a high percentage of colonization by
in the roots of
, while high phosphate concentrations (500 and 1,000 µM KH
PO
) reduced colonization. The morphology of the colonization structure is a typical
-type mycorrhiza, and a mycorrhiza-specific phosphate transporter was identified. Colonization with low phosphate concentrations improved plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration, and photochemical performance. The transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferase (
) was upregulated in colonized plants at 200 µM KH
PO
, which was consistent with the observed patterns of stevioside accumulation. In contrast, at 200 µM KH
PO
, the transcription of
and the accumulation of rebaudioside A were higher in noncolonized plants than in colonized plants. These results indicate that a low phosphate concentration improves mycorrhizal colonization and modulates the stevioside and rebaudioside A concentration by regulating the transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferases, which are involved in stevioside and rebaudioside A synthesis in
.
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (
) are a glycoside hydrolase protein family involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucans, with essential roles in the regulation of plant cell wall ...extensibility. By taking advantage of the whole genome sequence in
, 37
were identified in the present work. SlXTHs were classified into four subfamilies (ancestral, I/II, III-A, III-B) when aligned to XTHs of other plant species. Gene structure and conserved motifs showed similar compositions in each subfamily. Segmental duplication was the primary mechanism accounting for the expansion of
genes.
expression analysis showed that
genes exhibited differential expression in several tissues. GO analysis and 3D protein structure indicated that all 37 SlXTHs participate in cell wall biogenesis and xyloglucan metabolism. Promoter analysis revealed that some
have MeJA- and stress-responsive elements. qRT-PCR expression analysis of nine
in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal colonized vs. non-colonized plants showed that eight of these genes were differentially expressed in leaves and four in roots, suggesting that
might play roles in plant defense induced by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Our results provide valuable insight into the function of XTHs in
, in addition to the response of plants to mycorrhizal colonization.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia form two of the most important plant-microbe associations for the assimilation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Symbiont-derived signals are able to ...coordinate the infection process by triggering multiple responses in the plant root, such as calcium influxes and oscillations, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoskeletal rearrangements and altered gene expression. An examination was made of the role of tetraspanins, which are transmembrane proteins that self-organize into tetraspanin web regions, where they recruit specific proteins into platforms required for signal transduction, membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and ROS generation. In plant cells, tetraspanins are scaffolding proteins associated with root radial patterning, biotic and abiotic stress responses, cell fate determination, plasmodesmata and hormonal regulation. Some plant tetraspanins, such as
TETRASPANIN 8 and TETRASPANIN 9 (AtTET8 and AtTET9) are associated with exosomes during inter-kingdom communication. In this study, a homolog of
,
, in common bean (
var. Negro Jamapa) was examined in roots during interactions with
and
. The promoter of
contained several
acting regulatory DNA elements potentially related to mutualistic interactions, and
was transcriptionally activated during AM fungal and rhizobial associations. Silencing it decreased the size and number of nodules, nitrogen fixation, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation, whereas overexpressing it increased the size and number of nodules, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation but decreased nitrogen fixation.
appears to be an important element in both of these mutualistic interactions, perhaps through its interaction with NADPH oxidase and the generation of ROS during the infection processes.
Aims: To describe personality traits of a sample of adolescents with somatic symptom disorders in comparison with healthy adolescents and personality profiles between their mothers Methods: ...Prospective, transversal, clinical, non experimental design. Evaluation of 21 adolescents with somatic symtom disorders (SSD) was performed during pediatric hospitalization from April to December 2017. Psychiatric diagnosis was made based in DSM-V criteria. Symptoms included: cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain. abnormal movements, walking impairments and syncope. Medical investigation excluded physical illness. Psychological evaluation includes Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMP1-A) for SSD adolescents and MMPI-2 for their mothers. Control group of 21 healthy adolescents (HA) was matched by age and gender. Comparison was made with non parametric statistics. Results: Mean age of psychosomatic adolescents was 14.8± 1.8. Frequency was greater for girls. Mean age of ASSD mother's sample was 43.3 years and HA mothers mean was 40.2 years. SSD adolescents showed 3,1 coding (Hysteria and Hypochondriasis) coding, which corresponds to somatization reactions, associated to immature, egocentric, manipulative and dependent personality traits, with predominant use of repression and denial, that tend to express physical symptoms under stress, showing significant higher MMPI T-scores in Hysteria (p 0.01), Hypochondriasis (p 0.01) and Paranoia (p 0.02) in comparison with HA. MMPI-2 of maternal SSD adolescents showed 1,3 MMPI-2 coding profile, with higher scores in Hsypochondriasis (p0.003), Depression (p 0.02), Hysteria (p 0.004) and Psychastenia (p0.04) in contrast to control mothers. PA mothers exhibited a lower Masculinity-feminity score (p 0.019) that may suggest unsatisfaction with gender roles and self-distrusting in comparisson with HA mothers. Conclusion: SSD adolescents showed elevation of Hs and Hy, which have been associated to alexitimia, which explains to some extent, somatization as the lack of ability to verbalize feelings. SSDA and their mothers showed 3,1 vs 13 mirroring personality codes, which may suggest impairments on adolescent's individuation by maternal modeling of emotional expression through physical symptoms. No financial relationships to disclose.
In this work, a procedure to obtain two-port admittance models of buried cables illuminated by incident electromagnetic fields for the analysis of transients in the frequency domain is presented. The ...procedure is based on cascading two-port admittance models of various cable segments, avoiding the numerical problems that chain matrix representations may have. To obtain results in the time domain, the Numerical Laplace Transform method is used.
•We present a study of the nonlinear optical properties of fish gelatin, potassium dichromate, and their mix.•The experimental results are obtained by the Z-scan technique and analyzed with the ...thermal lens model (TLM).•We calculate the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption with a single experimental measurement.•To determine if the nonlinearity of the mixture increases, the electrostatic interaction between the materials is studied.•We use the density functional theory.
The nonlinear optical properties of fish gelatin, potassium dichromate, and a mix of both are presented. The z-scan experimental technique and the photo-induced thermal lens formation model are used to determine nonlinear optical parameters such as the non-linear refractive index and the nonlinear optical absorption coefficient. The spatial self-phase modulation in the mixture is analyzed with an Ar continuous wave (cw) laser at 477 nm at different light powers. Furthermore, we theoretically studied the electrostatic interaction between potassium dichromate and fish collagen based on the Density Functional Theory. The experimental and theoretical results show that the nonlinear optical properties of the mixture are improved due to better thermal conductivity and stability, indicating a high potential for optical applications such as nonlinear gratings and holography.
In this work, saturation and hysteresis loops are included in a four-port transformer model for electromagnetic transients computation in the frequency domain. Approximations with linear segments of ...the hysteresis characteristic and saturation curve are used. To obtain time domain results, the numerical Laplace transform is employed and the results are compared with those obtained from ATP.
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