This paper deals with the investigation of the analytical approximate solutions for two-term fractional-order diffusion, wave-diffusion, and telegraph equations. The fractional derivatives are ...defined in the Caputo sense, whose orders belong to the intervals 0,1, (1,2), and 1,2, respectively. In this paper, we extended optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for two-term fractional-order wave-diffusion equations. Highly approximate solution is obtained in series form using this extended method. Approximate solution obtained by OHAM is compared with the exact solution. It is observed that OHAM is a prevailing and convergent method for the solutions of nonlinear-fractional-order time-dependent partial differential problems. The numerical results rendering that the applied method is explicit, effective, and easy to use, for handling more general fractional-order wave diffusion, diffusion, and telegraph problems.
Background and purpose - There is no consensus on the association between global femoral offset (FO) and outcome after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We assessed the association between FO and ...patients' reported hip function, quality of life, and abductor muscle strength.
Patients and methods - We included 250 patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis who underwent a THA. Before the operation, the patient's reported hip function was evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and quality of life was evaluated with EQ-5D. At 1-year follow-up, the same scores and also hip abductor muscle strength were measured. 222 patients were available for follow-up. These patients were divided into 3 groups according to the postoperative global FO of the operated hip compared to the contralateral hip, as measured on plain radiographs: the decreased FO group (more than 5 mm reduction), the restored FO group (within 5 mm restoration), and the increased FO group (more than 5 mm increment).
Results - All 3 groups improved (p < 0.001). The crude results showed that the decreased FO group had a worse WOMAC index, less abductor muscle strength, and more use of walking aids. When we adjusted these results with possible confounding factors, only global FO reduction was statistically significantly associated with reduced abductor muscle strength. The incidence of residual hip pain and analgesics use was similar in the 3 groups.
Interpretation - A reduction in global FO of more than 5 mm after THA appears to have a negative association with abductor muscle strength of the operated hip, and should therefore be avoided.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Abstract We investigated whether patients with lengthening (> 9 mm), restoration (between 9 mm lengthening and 5 mm shortening) or shortening (> 5 mm) of the operated leg after total hip arthroplasty ...(THA) had different function (WOMAC score), quality of life (EQ-5D), residual hip pain, use of shoe lift and walking aid and leg length discrepancy (LLD) awareness, 12–15 months postoperatively. All patients had a significant postoperative improvement in WOMAC and EQ-5D regardless the LLD. However, the lengthening group showed less improvement in WOMAC, more use of shoe lift, residual hip pain and LLD awareness compared with the other two groups. No differences in EQ-5D were found. In spite of the improvement in function and quality of life, lengthening had adverse effects and should therefore be avoided.
Space plasma particlesand space weather conditions strongly affect spacecraft and satellites at geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) and their charging essentially occurs for incoming primary electrons ...and outgoing secondary and backscattered electrons. Due to the presence of high energetic (superthermal) electrons at GEO altitudes, a generalized power law q‐nonextensive particle distribution is utilized to solve the current‐balance equation for spacecraft charging both analytically and numerically. The impact of subextensivity (q>1) and superextensivity (q<1) is discussed for plasma systems to analyze more pronounced energy tails associated with q distribution as compared to standard Kappa distribution. The present findings indicate the suitability of proposed distribution for better describing the charge triggering as compared to Kappa and Maxwellian distributions. Furthermore, numerical estimation is made for identifying the current and charging onset due to various space grade materials.
Key Points
Spacecraft charging in GEO
Current‐balance equation with nonextensive approach
Space‐grade materials
The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteria from water and soil sample taken from the Lahore Canal at different sites i.e. Mall Road, Mohlanwal and Khera site. Isolated ...bacterial strains were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests. Identification was confirmed by culturing bacteria on selective media. Antibiotic resistance test was also performed to observe the resistance of bacteria against different antibiotics. Blood agar test was performed for identification of different pathogenic bacteria. The result revealed that water and soil samples of Lahore Canal Lahore from different sites were contaminated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus spp. Due to presence of these pathogens, this water is not suitable for any domestic and irrigation use. Study also revealed that water of the Lahore Canal is harmful for human health as it is contaminated with bacteria that can cause severe disease e.g., Escherichia coli can cause gastroenteritis, Bacillus spp. can cause nausea and vomiting, Enterococcus may infect urinary tract, Salmonella sp. is responsible for Bacteremia, Staphylococcus spp. can cause mild fever and Vibrio sp. can be the reason of cholera. Thus it is rendered unfit for any kind of human use even other than drinking like swimming, bathing, washing etc., until and unless some remedial measures are employed to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms by WASA and LWMS according to standards of WHO. Similarly, it is quite harmful, when and where ever it is used for irrigation without proper treatment.
Optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) is prolifically implemented to find the optimal solutions of fractional order heat- and wave-like equations. We inspect the competence of the method by ...examining fractional order time dependent partial differential equations. It is observed that OHAM is a prevailing and convergent method for the solutions of linear and nonlinear fractional order time dependent partial differential problems. The numerical results rendering that the applied method is explicit, effective and easy to use, for handling more general fractional order heat- and wave-like models.
Behaviors of runaway electrons have been investigated by injection of argon impurity gas during the low-density hydrogen discharges in the STOR-M tokamak. Argon gas is puffed using a fast ...electromagnetic gas puffing valve with various amounts of gas puffed at different injection times. It has been found that puffing of an appropriate amount of gas can suppress the already generated runaway electrons evidenced by the intensity reduction of the hard X-ray (HXR) radiation caused by the impact of runaway electrons on the STOR-M chamber wall. On the other hand, excessive argon gas puffing causes earlier termination of the discharge.
Soft sensors that can discriminate shear and normal force could help provide machines the fine control desirable for safe and effective physical interactions with people. A capacitive sensor is made ...for this purpose, composed of patterned elastomer and containing both fixed and sliding pillars that allow the sensor to deform and buckle, much like skin itself. The sensor differentiates between simultaneously applied normal force and shear using summation and differences of signals from four deformable capacitors. Cross talk from shear to normal force is less than 2.5%, and between shear axes is less than 10%. Normal and shear stress sensitivity is 0.49 kPa and 0.31 kPa respectively, with a minimum displacement resolution of 40 μm. In addition, finger proximity is detectable at a range of up to 15 mm. The operation is demonstrated on a simple gripper holding a cup. The combination of features and the straightforward fabrication method make this sensor a candidate for implementation as a sensing skin for humanoid robotics applications.
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