In the realms of the ocean, it becomes a formidable task to detect and classify the passive acoustic targets from the convoluted acoustic mixture confronted by the sonar frontend. Though the advances ...in deep learning driven by enormity of data and computational infrastructure have resulted in a tremendous leap in performance across various domains, passive sonar target recognition still remains an elusive task for the acoustic as well as signal processing communities. Various channel related artifacts together with the inherent difficulty in obtaining annotated data limit the target records required for training these massive supervised networks so as to yield an optimal performance. This demands models that can generalize well beyond the often sparse training instances. In order to address this issue, generative frameworks can be utilized to model the causal attributes of the target signature so that the network becomes tolerant to the distortions induced by the ambient noise and channel artifacts. This paper exploits the generative modelling capability of an Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) to construct a data-efficient underwater target classifier. These class-conditioned frameworks based on unsupervised representation learning can model the true data distribution using the latent attributes of the training data. In order to make the causal factors of variation more explicit, the raw time domain samples are transformed into joint time–frequency representations using filterbanks initialized at different perceptual scales. Experimental evaluation of the proposed system on target instances collected from diverse locations of the Indian Ocean yields promising results in terms of data efficiency, class confidence and classification accuracy.
Automated target recognition systems are increasingly employed in sonar systems to reduce manning and associated challenges. Although passive acoustic target recognition is an exceptionally ...challenging endeavor especially in shallow water scenarios, it is being used by naval forces of the world by virtue of its inherent advantages compared to the alternatives. In order to address these challenges as well as to exploit the latent and subtle features in the signal stream from the hydrophones, an end-to-end differentiable architecture is proposed in this paper. Here the key strategy is to rely on the data, instead of relying on the prior knowledge about the data. The raw acoustic signals from the hydrophones are directly fed to a pre-initialized 1-dimensional convolutional layer followed by a cascade of 2-dimensional convolutional spectro-temporal feature learners. Various auditory scales are used for pre-initializing, so as to emphasize the frequencies of interest. In order to better capture the temporal relations, a Bidirectional-LSTM layer with a trainable attention module is employed. The best configuration of the proposed classifier system yields an accuracy of 95.2% on a large acoustic dataset, collected from the shallows of the Indian ocean.
In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of the bivariate alternative zero-inflated logarithmic series distribution (BAZILSD) of which the marginals are the alternative zero-inflated ...logarithmic series distributions of Kumar and Riyaz (2015. An alternative version of zero-inflated logarithmic series distribution and some of its applications. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 85(6), 1117-1127). We study some important properties of the distribution by deriving expressions for its probability mass function, factorial moments, conditional probability generating functions, and recursion formulae for its probabilities, raw moments and factorial moments. The parameters of the BAZILSD are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood and certain test procedures are also considered. Further certain real-life data applications are cited for illustrating the usefulness of the model. A simulation study is conducted for assessing the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the BAZILSD.
In this paper, we consider an intervened version of the cluster negative binomial distribution and investigate some of its statistical properties. The parameters of the distribution are estimated by ...the method of maximum likelihood and by the method of pgf based minimum Hellinger type divergence. Also generalised likelihood ratio test procedure is applied for examining the significance of the intervention parameter. Certain real life data applications are provided for illustrating the usefulness of the model and a brief simulation study is carried out for assessing the performances of the estimators obtained through both the methods of estimation.
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•Synthesized and characterized two new (ON) donor Schiff bases and their Zn and Cu complexes.•The crystal structures of ligands and Cu complexes were determined by single crystal ...X-ray diffraction.•All six compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity.•These compounds found good antifungal agents than antibacterials.
New Schiff bases L1H and L2H have been synthesized by condensation of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde with 2,3-dimethoxyaniline and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethan-1-amine respectively. Their complexes are M(L1-2)2 where, M: Zn (1 and 2) and Cu (3 and 4). They were prepared by the reaction of ligands with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O and CuCl2·6H2O in the molar ratios of 2:1 (L:M). Both ligands and their four complexes were characterized by CHN analysis, FT-IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy. In addition, the ligands and complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the four compounds L1H, L2H, 3 and 4 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In all complexes, the deprotonated (L1 and L2) ligands coordinated to M(II) ions hence, acting as bidentate (NO) donors using imine nitrogen (>CN) and phenolate oxygen (PhO−) atoms. The ligands (L1H and L2H) and complexes (1–4) were screened in different dosages for antimicrobial activity by the agar well diffusion method against the pathogenic bacterial strains E. coli and E. aerogenes and a fungal strain C. albicans. These compounds showed moderate antibacterial activity but, significant antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity results also revealed that the metal complexes were more active than their corresponding free ligands. The zinc complexes (1–2) showed higher antibacterial activity than copper ones. Surprisingly, the compounds related to 3,4-dimethoxy aniline (L1H, 1 and 3) showed higher activity than those containing 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (L2H, 2 and 4) especially towards E. coli. Unlike the antibacterial activity, the antifungal activity of L1H was higher than that of its complexes and that of L2H was lower than that of L1H as well as its complexes.
Here we propose a bivariate version of the alpha logarithmic series distribution (ALSD) of Kumar and Riyaz (South African Statist. J., 2014) and shown that its marginals are also ALSD. We study some ...of its important properties by deriving expressions for its probability mass function, factorial moments, conditional probability generating function, covariance etc. The parameters of the model are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood and the distribution has been fitted to certain real life data sets.
Purpose
Very few studies have demonstrated the rituximab biosimilarity in terms of efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity in patients with diffuse large B-cell ...lymphoma (DLBCL) in India. Therefore, we compared the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and immunogenicity of our biosimilar rituximab with the reference rituximab (Ristova, Roche products India Pvt. Ltd) in patients with DLBCL in India.
Methods
A phase 3, randomized, assessor-blind, parallel-group, two-arm study was conducted across 28 sites in India. A total of 153 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were randomized to receive either biosimilar rituximab or reference rituximab. The study drugs were administered at a dose of 375 mg/m
2
by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks for six cycles. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) at the end of Cycle 6. Secondary end points included: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and safety assessment.
Results
The ORR at the end of Cycle 6 was 82.14% in the biosimilar rituximab and 85.71% in the reference rituximab group. The risk difference (90% CIs) was – 3.57 (– 14.80, 7.66). It met the non-inferiority margin of – 20%. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were comparable between the two treatment groups. The incidence rate of immunogenicity was very low and similar in both the treatment groups. The safety profile of both the treatments was comparable with no major difference in terms of nature, frequency and severity of TEAEs.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated the biosimilarity between the biosimilar rituximab and the reference rituximab. Our biosimilar rituximab could add to the cost-effective treatment alternatives for patients with DLBCL in India.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the design of a charging unit for an electric vehicle fast-charging station. Electric Vehicle is turning into a real alternative to conventional combustion-based ...vehicles due to their reduced greenhouse emissions. The conventional system experiences harmonic distortions, losses and takes more time to charge. To overcome these problems, new methods and techniques are established here.
With the help of a bidirectional-based converter, electric vehicle charging stations offer quick charging. When using a three-phase supply, phase voltage is given to the suggested converter. In conventional type converters, harmonic distortions are inherent; however, we can lessen voltage distortions by employing bidirectional converters. When tested with a prototype model featuring the suggested converter, the voltage ripple factor is quite low. Phase-shifting pulse width modulation is the topology employed in this procedure. The output voltages are controlled by a precise and simple algorithm. We can also use artificial intelligence gadgets to improve the circuit in the future. By comparing the input and output voltages in the feedback system, we can eliminate both steady-state and transient errors. The charging stations implemented in various areas are used effectively for efficiently charging Electric vehicles. The number of components is reduced compared to traditional converters and thus increasing the efficiency of bi-directional converters with less cost. This charger is also verified for fluctuations in power supply and supply voltages with higher magnitudes. The proposed charger gives us improved power factor and efficiency.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a chronic and intractable orofacial pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of specific oral lesion. This ...condition affects chiefly of middle aged and elderly woman with hormonal changes or psychological disorders. In addition to burning sensation, patient with BMS also complains of oral mucosal pain, altered taste sensation, and dry mouth. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. So far, there is no definitive cure for this condition and most of the treatment approaches, medications remains unsatisfactory. An interdisciplinary and systematic approach is required for better patient management. The purpose of this article is to present a review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, classification, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of BMS.
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