Carrying information using generation and detection of the orbital current, instead of the spin current, is an emerging field of research, where the orbital Hall effect (OHE) is an important ...ingredient. We show that the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoX2, a currently popular class of materials of considerable interest, may in fact be excellent systems to observe the OHE. This is due to the broken inversion symmetry and the specific nature of the electron states at the K, K$^\prime$ valley points, that lead to robust momentum-dependent orbital moments, which flow in different directions due to the opposite Berry curvatures under an applied electric field. This is in complete contrast to the inversion-symmetric systems studied so far, where the (weak) orbital moment is induced only after the application of the external electric field. In addition, the spin-orbit coupling leads to the spin Hall effect, which we find to be quite small in the TMDCs, making these materials particularly suitable for direct observation of the OHE, with potential application in orbitronics.
The power loss in the arrays due to non-uniform irradiances in the site is the most common scenario observed in a PV system. The irradiance non-uniformity occurs due to obstacles between actual ...irradiance and modules caused by dust and shadow of clouds, trees, and buildings in some portions of the array. This results in complications like mismatch, power reduction, deformed characteristics curves, failure of power tracking algorithms, and sometimes physical damage to the PV modules. Numerous solutions are present for mitigating the above complications among which the array reconfiguration gained a huge audience for ease of implementation, lower cost, and higher reliability but, each technique exhibits certain drawbacks. In this paper, a harmony search reconfiguration (HSR) algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration is proposed that has advantages in terms of simplicity, adaptability, convergence speed, reduced switch count, and arbitrary array application. The modeling and validation are done in the MATLAB platform using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">5 \times 5 </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">9 \times 9 </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">9 \times 5 </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3 \times 3 </tex-math></inline-formula> arrays under various shading cases and compared with the 22 existing conventional, static, and dynamic techniques. The depth investigation shows the higher performance of the HSR with 24.64% and 12.28% higher performance than conventional and static techniques with lowest actual power deviation of −1.10% and equivalent performance to that of existing techniques with reduced complexities.
Nutraceuticals like Alpha-lipoic Acid may have potential benefits as a prophylactic agent for adolescent migraine with fewer adverse events than existing medications. The present study was conducted ...to evaluate the safety and efficacy of add-on Alpha-lipoic Acid for prophylaxis in adolescent migraine. A randomized, open-labeled, add-on clinical trial was conducted on 60 adolescent migraineurs who were randomized to receive flunarizine or flunarizine with an add-on Alpha-lipoic Acid. Clinical evaluation of the frequency and severity of migraine, responder rate, PedMIDAS scoring, serum thiol, and serum calcitonin gene-related peptide were done both at baseline and following 12 weeks of treatment. The frequency of acute attacks of migraine decreased significantly (P = 0.001) in the test group compared to the control group. The responder rate was found to be significantly (P = 0.001) higher (80%) in the test group than in the control group (33.3%). Mean monthly migraine headache days in the test group (-7.7; 95% CI: -9.1 to -6.3; P = 0.010) showed a significant reduction. The severity of acute migraine attacks also showed a significant reduction in the test group (P = 0.001). PedMIDAS scores showed significant improvement in the test group (P = 0.021) in comparison to the control group. Serum thiol levels were significantly increased (18; 95% CI: 13.5 to 36.1, P = 0.001) in the test group. Serum Calcitonin gene-related peptide showed significant reduction (-122.4; 95% CI: -142.3 to -89.0, P = 0.006) with adjunctive Alpha-lipoic Acid therapy. Add-on Alpha-lipoic Acid with flunarizine as a prophylactic agent for migraine in adolescents can improve clinical outcomes by improving clinical and biochemical parameters. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04064814 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The present study elucidates the electrodeposition of an AgCu bimetallic composite coating on a copper substrate from a thiourea-based (TU, CH4N2S) electroplating bath by pulse galvanostatic ...electrodeposition route. Electrochemical studies (LSV and EIS) demonstrate the metal-complex interactions and reduction mechanism of the bimetallic complexes occurring during the electrodeposition process. The pulse current transients provide insight into the deposition mechanism of the bi-metallic coating. X-ray diffraction studies of the electrodeposited coatings confirm the existence of both Ag and Cu without any solid solution phases. The SEM micrographs show that at higher current density there is a globular morphology of the deposits. Additionally, the proposed growth mechanism suggests the growth of higher index planes at the surface of the coating as the lower index planes gradually vanish. The coatings deposited at 1 and 5 mA/cm2 demonstrate a hardness of 382 ± 7.5 and 174 ± 5 VHN, respectively. Additionally, the coating also exhibits good adhesion to the substrate, examined by the pull-out test. The electrical resistivity studies show that the resistivity value of coatings is similar to that of bulk Ag.
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•A novel thiourea (TU)-based electroplating bath is used.•LSV and EIS provide an insight into the metal-complex interactions.•Lower index planes vanish and higher index planes are stable on the coating surface.•The pulse galvanostatic route produces AgCu bimetallic coatings.
This study focuses on comparative machining performance evaluation and economic assessment between recently developed nanocomposite AlTiSiN coating (deposited by scalable pulsed power plasma, S3P ...method) with AlTiN coated (accomplished by two different techniques, namely arc deposition method and the S3P technique) carbide tools in turning of hardened AISI H10 hot work steel (65 HRC) under dry environment. For the purpose of evaluating machining performance under different cutting factors (depth of cut, axial feed, and cutting speed), several machinability criteria (cutting temperature, crater wear, flank wear, chip morphology, surface roughness’ and cutting force) were analyzed. Finally, a creative way concerning cost assessment for economical hard machining has been proposed. Due to the development of enhanced machined surface morphology, lower cutting force and minimum temperature, improved chip morphology, and reduced tool wear, it is highlighted that AlTiSiN coated tools are superior to both AlTiN (LATUMA) and S3P-AlTiN coated tools. S3P-AlTiN and AlTiN (LATUMA) were the same coating material; however, AlTiN performed better due to the smooth coating and higher micro-hardness gained by S3P technique. The tool life of AlTiSiN coated inserts is 17% and 55% longer, respectively, when compared to the tool life obtained while using S3P-AlTiN and AlTiN (LATUMA) coated tools for dry machining. According to the findings, the hard turning process employing an S3P-AlTiSiN coated carbide insert is more cost-effective in a dry environment than using AlTiN (LATUMA) and the S3P-AlTiSiN coated carbide inserts, with a minimal machining cost per component in Indian rupees of Rs. 27.53 compared to Rs. 30.93 and Rs. 28.93, respectively. The nanostructured AlTiSiN coating accomplished by S3P technique significantly reduced tool wear (VB = 0.061–0.136 mm), improved surface finish (Ra = 0.576–1.458 µm), and higher surface quality, resembling cylindrical grinding.
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The transcriptional repressor ZEB2 regulates development of many cell fates among somatic, neural, and hematopoietic lineages, but the basis for its requirement in these diverse lineages is unclear. ...Here, we identified a 400-basepair (bp) region located 165 kilobases (kb) upstream of the Zeb2 transcriptional start site (TSS) that binds the E proteins at several E-box motifs and was active in hematopoietic lineages. Germline deletion of this 400-bp region (Zeb2Δ−165mice) specifically prevented Zeb2 expression in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived lineages. Zeb2Δ−165 mice lacked development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), monocytes, and B cells. All macrophages in Zeb2Δ−165 mice were exclusively of embryonic origin. Using single-cell chromatin profiling, we identified a second Zeb2 enhancer located at +164-kb that was selectively active in embryonically derived lineages, but not HSC-derived ones. Thus, Zeb2 expression in adult, but not embryonic, hematopoiesis is selectively controlled by the –165-kb Zeb2 enhancer.
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•Zeb2 −165-kb enhancer is required for the expression of ZEB2 in HSC-derived lineages•pDC, monocyte, and B cell development requires Zeb2 −165-kb enhancer•Tissue resident macrophages (RTMs) in Zeb2Δ−165 mice are entirely of embryonic origin•Embryonic expression of ZEB2 may rely on alternative +164-kb Zeb2 enhancer
ZEB2 is required for the development and functions of multiple hematopoietic lineages. Huang et al. demonstrate that the distinct usage of several enhancers identified in this study is the molecular basis for the differential regulation of ZEB2 expression between adult and embryonic hematopoiesis.
This paper presents a voltage injection-based current harmonic minimization method for Wide Band Gap (WBG) device-based six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drives. The presence of ...low-order harmonics is common in the back EMF of PMSMs with low slot and high pole numbers. The back EMF harmonics generate low-order harmonic currents that increase torque ripples. Furthermore, zero-sequence current (ZSC) is also observed if all six phases are connected to a common neutral point. ZSC does not affect the torque ripple but reduces the system efficiency. A special technique is required to reduce ZSC for variable speed drives as direct AC component to Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) DC transformation is not possible for ZSC. In this paper, a voltage injection-based current harmonics reduction method is proposed. The injected harmonic voltage coefficients are calculated from the harmonic estimations of back EMF and updated using closed-loop harmonic compensators to improve steady-state performance. For ZSC reduction, third harmonics power controller, and for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">6n\pm 1</tex-math></inline-formula> (n=1,2,...) order harmonic current reduction, SRF current controllers are presented in this paper. The current harmonics minimization method is experimentally verified using a GaN-based Three Level (3L) Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) inverter-driven six-phase PMSM.
In this study, an intelligent system that can gather and process network packets is built. Machine learning techniques are used to create a traffic classifier that divides packets into hazardous and ...non-malicious categories. The system utilizing resources was previously classified using a number of conventional techniques; however, this strategy adds machine learning., a study area that is currently active and has so far yielded promising results. The major aims of this paper are to monitor traffic, analyze incursions, and control them. The flow of data collection is used to develop a traffic classification system based on features of observed internet packets. This classification will aid IT managers in recognizing the vague assault that is becoming more common in the IT industry The suggested methods described in this research help gather network data and detect which threat was launched in a specific network to distinguish between malicious and benign packets. This paper’s major goal is to create a proactive system for detecting network attacks using classifiers based on machine learning that can recognize new packets and distinguish between hostile and benign network packets using rules from the KDD dataset. The algorithm is trained to employ the characteristics of the NSL-KDD dataset.
This paper presents a Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for Wide-Bandgap (WBG) device-based Three-Level (3L) six-phase inverters. Implementation of the SVPWM techniques for any ...six-phase inverter is complex for its high number of possible voltage vectors. Different six-phase load configurations are also possible depending on the angle between two consecutive phases and neutral point connections. The implementation techniques change depending on the load configuration. Moreover, a common neutral point for all six phases leads to circulating currents. Capacitor voltage balancing is also needed for 3L inverters. Capacitor voltage balancing and addressing the circulating current problem further increases the implementation complexity. In this paper, a generalized SVPWM technique is proposed for the six-phase 3L inverters that is implementable using two three-phase 3L SVPWM blocks. The SVPWM technique also ensures DC bus capacitor voltage balancing and minimizes circulating current. The SVPWM technique is experimentally verified using a GaN-based 3L six-phase Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) inverter prototype, and the results are presented in the paper.
