Summary
Background
A growing health problem, venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), requires refined diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. ...Neutrophils contribute to thrombus initiation and development in experimental DVT. Recent animal studies recognized neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as an important scaffold supporting thrombus stability. However, the hypothesis that human venous thrombi involve NETs has not undergone rigorous testing.
Objective
To explore the cellular composition and the presence of NETs within human venous thrombi at different stages of development.
Patients and Methods
We examined 16 thrombi obtained from 11 patients during surgery or at autopsy using histomorphological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses.
Results
We classified thrombus regions as unorganized, organizing and organized according to their morphological characteristics. We then evaluated them, focusing on neutrophil and platelet deposition as well as micro‐vascularization of the thrombus body. We observed evidence of NET accumulation, including the presence of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit)‐positive cells. NETs, defined as extracellular diffuse H3Cit areas associated with myeloperoxidase and DNA, localized predominantly during the phase of organization in human venous thrombi.
Conclusions
NETs are present in organizing thrombi in patients with VTE. They are associated with thrombus maturation in humans. Dissolution of NETs might thus facilitate thrombolysis. This finding provides new insights into the clinical development and pathology of thrombosis and provides new perspectives for therapeutic advances.
We report on International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) observations of the soft γ-ray repeater SGR 1935+2154 performed between 2020 April 28 and May 3. Several short bursts with ...fluence of erg cm−2 were detected by the Imager on-board INTEGRAL (IBIS) instrument in the 20-200 keV range. The burst with the hardest spectrum, discovered and localized in real time by the INTEGRAL Burst Alert System, was spatially and temporally coincident with a short and very bright radio burst detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) and Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 (STARE2) radio telescopes at 400-800 MHz and 1.4 GHz, respectively. Its lightcurve shows three narrow peaks separated by ∼29 ms time intervals, superimposed on a broad pulse lasting ∼0.6 s. The brightest peak had a delay of 6.5 1.0 ms with respect to the 1.4 GHz radio pulse (that coincides with the second and brightest component seen at lower frequencies). The burst spectrum, an exponentially cutoff power law with photon index and peak energy , is harder than those of the bursts usually observed from this and other magnetars. By the analysis of an expanding dust-scattering ring seen in X-rays with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory X-ray Telescope (XRT) instrument, we derived a distance of kpc for SGR 1935+2154, independent of its possible association with the supernova remnant G57.2+0.8. At this distance, the burst 20-200 keV fluence of erg cm−2 corresponds to an isotropic emitted energy of erg. This is the first burst with a radio counterpart observed from a soft γ-ray repeater and it strongly supports models based on magnetars that have been proposed for extragalactic fast radio bursts.
•User preferences can be efficiently predicted from photo gallery using scene recognition and object detection.•Representation of image by using scores and embeddings from the scene recognition model ...combined with the scores of object detector improves the accuracy of visual event recognition.•Representations of all photos are combined into a single descriptor of a user with the attention mechanism in order to increase performance of set-based image recognition.
In this paper, a user modeling task is examined by processing mobile device gallery of photos and videos. We propose a novel engine for preferences prediction based on scene recognition, object detection and facial analysis. At first, all faces in a gallery are clustered, and all private photos and videos with faces from large clusters are processed on the embedded system in offline mode. Other photos may be sent to the remote server to be analyzed by very deep sophisticated neural networks. The visual features of each photo are obtained from scene recognition and object detection models. These features are aggregated into a single descriptor in the neural attention unit. The proposed pipeline is implemented in mobile Android application. Experimental results for the Photo Event Collection, Web Image Dataset for Event Recognition and Amazon Fashion data demonstrate the possibility to efficiently process images without significant accuracy degradation.
The production of pure deuterium and the removal of tritium from nuclear waste are the key challenges in separation of light isotopes. Presently, the technological methods are extremely energy- and ...cost-intensive. Here we report the capture of heavy hydrogen isotopes from hydrogen gas by selective adsorption at Cu(I) sites in a metal-organic framework. At the strongly binding Cu(I) sites (32 kJ mol
) nuclear quantum effects result in higher adsorption enthalpies of heavier isotopes. The capture mechanism takes place most efficiently at temperatures above 80 K, when an isotope exchange allows the preferential adsorption of heavy isotopologues from the gas phase. Large difference in adsorption enthalpy of 2.5 kJ mol
between D
and H
results in D
-over-H
selectivity of 11 at 100 K, to the best of our knowledge the largest value known to date. Combination of thermal desorption spectroscopy, Raman measurements, inelastic neutron scattering and first principles calculations for H
/D
mixtures allows the prediction of selectivities for tritium-containing isotopologues.
We present the first extensive radio to γ-ray observations of a fast-rising blue optical transient, AT 2018cow, over its first ∼100 days. AT 2018cow rose over a few days to a peak luminosity Lpk ∼ 4 ...× 1044 erg s−1, exceeding that of superluminous supernovae (SNe), before declining as L ∝ t−2. Initial spectra at δt 15 days were mostly featureless and indicated large expansion velocities v ∼ 0.1c and temperatures reaching T ∼ 3 × 104 K. Later spectra revealed a persistent optically thick photosphere and the emergence of H and He emission features with v ∼ 4000 km s−1 with no evidence for ejecta cooling. Our broadband monitoring revealed a hard X-ray spectral component at E ≥ 10 keV, in addition to luminous and highly variable soft X-rays, with properties unprecedented among astronomical transients. An abrupt change in the X-ray decay rate and variability appears to accompany the change in optical spectral properties. AT 2018cow showed bright radio emission consistent with the interaction of a blast wave with vsh ∼ 0.1c with a dense environment ( for vw = 1000 km s−1). While these properties exclude 56Ni-powered transients, our multiwavelength analysis instead indicates that AT 2018cow harbored a "central engine," either a compact object (magnetar or black hole) or an embedded internal shock produced by interaction with a compact, dense circumstellar medium. The engine released ∼1050-1051.5 erg over ∼103-105 s and resides within low-mass fast-moving material with equatorial-polar density asymmetry (Mej,fast 0.3 M☉). Successful SNe from low-mass H-rich stars (like electron-capture SNe) or failed explosions from blue supergiants satisfy these constraints. Intermediate-mass black holes are disfavored by the large environmental density probed by the radio observations.
Background: Upon activation, neutrophils can release nuclear material known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which were initially described as a part of antimicrobial defense. Extracellular ...chromatin was recently reported to be prothrombotic in vitro and to accumulate in plasma and thrombi of baboons with experimental deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Objective: To explore the source and role of extracellular chromatin in DVT. Methods: We used an established murine model of DVT induced by flow restriction (stenosis) in the inferior vena cava (IVC). Results: We demonstrate that the levels of extracellular DNA increase in plasma after 6 h IVC stenosis, compared with sham‐operated mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of Gr‐1‐positive neutrophils in both red (RBC‐rich) and white (platelet‐rich) parts of thrombi. Citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), an element of NETs’ structure, was present only in the red part of thrombi and was frequently associated with the Gr‐1 antigen. Immunofluorescent staining of thrombi showed proximity of extracellular CitH3 and von Willebrand factor (VWF), a platelet adhesion molecule crucial for thrombus development in this model. Infusion of Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase 1) protected mice from DVT after 6 h and also 48 h IVC stenosis. Infusion of an unfractionated mixture of calf thymus histones increased plasma VWF and promoted DVT early after stenosis application. Conclusions: Extracellular chromatin, likely originating from neutrophils, is a structural part of a venous thrombus and both the DNA scaffold and histones appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of DVT in mice. NETs may provide new targets for DVT drug development.
The use of reindeer resources in Central Siberia - the main welfare source for the majority of farms and the indigenous population of the North region. Protection and rational use of Taimyr-Evenk ...reindeer population inhabiting the Krasnoyarsk territory on the area of more than 1.5 million km2 are impossible without the use of modern remote sensing methods. It provides objective and live data information about the spatial and temporal location of animals at different stages of their life cycle. Monitoring carried out with the use of modern technical devices allows to solve not only applied control problems, but also to obtain new unique knowledge about the biology of this species. The basis for this message was the materials on the use of collars equipped with satellite transmitters of the Argos system and worn on deer. A total number of collars was 17, which were worn on reindeer in their wintering grounds, except for one, which a half-grown female was marked during the crossing of the Heta river. From a technical point of view, it was important to trace the total duration of the beacon and the viability of the battery packs in extreme temperature amplitude and also to establish reliability of the device protection from physical and mechanical influence during migrations of animals. The maximum duration of signal receipt with using the new battery packs in 2015-2016 amounted to 438 and 444 days, in 2017-2018 - 539 days. The maximum length of the deer during the satellite direction finding was 9538 km. The average speed was 13.5 km / day; the maximum was up to 45-72 km / day in azimuth. Used collars with radio beacons of Argos satellite system produced by ES-PAS Ltd. (Russia), showed a high degree of functional reliability.
In this paper, the computational complexity of the probabilistic neural network for the classification of high-dimensional data is improved. At first, the class probability densities are estimated by ...using only a few principal components of an observed point. The Gaussian–Parzen kernel is replaced by the orthogonal series estimates of class-conditional densities for each principal component using the Fourier series to speed up a decision-making procedure. The unreliable classes are found for which a likelihood ratio to the maximal likelihood does not exceed a certain threshold. The next components are used to refine these estimates only for other classes, and such a sequential analysis of principal components is repeated until only one reliable class is obtained. Experimental study for image recognition with features extracted by deep convolutional neural networks including EfficientNets demonstrates that our approach is more accurate and 15–60 times faster than the baseline instance-based learning methods.
•Image recognition with high-dimensional deep embeddings may be slow.•Fourier series estimates improves performance of probabilistic neural network (PNN).•Sequential Fourier PNN is proposed for principal components of deep embeddings.•Sequential Fourier PNN is faster and more accurate than known modifications of PNN.
We investigate the nonlinear optical properties of graphene flakes using four-wave mixing. The corresponding third-order optical susceptibility is found to be remarkably large and only weakly ...dependent on the wavelength in the near-infrared frequency range. The magnitude of the response is in good agreement with our calculations based on the nonlinear quantum response theory.
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