Neonatal status of twins Bozinovic, Dragica; Savic, Zoran; Bozinovic, Nebojsa
Glasnik Antropoloskog drustva Srbije,
2012, Letnik:
2012, Številka:
47
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Multiple pregnancy is a pregnancy where more than one fetus develops simultaneously in the womb, as a result of the ovulation and fertilization of more than one egg. It is relatively rare in humans ...and represents the rest of the phylogenetic stages. The most common are twins and they indicate the development of two fetuses in the womb. The frequency of twin pregnancies is about 1%. Multiple pregnancies belong to a group of high-risk pregnancies because of the many complications that occur during the pregnancy: higher number of premature deliveries, bleeding, early neonatal complications and higher perinatal morbidity and mortality. Such pregnancies and infants require greater supervision and monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of baby twins born at the maternity ward of the General Hospital in Prokuplje and their morbidity and mortality. Data on the total number of deliveries, number of twins, parity and maternal age, gestational age, body weight of twins, method of delivery, Apgar score and perinatal mortality were collected and statistically analyzed by means of retrospective analysis of operative birth and neonatal protocol for 6 years (2005 of 2010). Out of 4527 mothers who gave birth 43 were pairs of twins, or 0.95% of women gave birth to twins. These babies are more likely born by Caesarean section, but delivered with slightly lower birth weight.
Brojna naučna istraživanja kod nas i u svetu potvrdila su da sistematsko vežbanje, odnosno trening, izaziva čitav niz promena u antropološkom statusu svakog subjekta koji je podvrgnut takvom ...tretmanu.Promene stanja subjekta najčešće se manifestuju u području nekih sposobnosti i osobina, a naročito u sferi motoričkih znanja. Sve te antropološke karakteristike mogu se menjati u kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom smislu. Pri tome se pod kvantitativnim promenama podrazumevaju one promene koje su izražene u porastu ili padu efikasnosti neke sposobnosti, osobine ili motoričke informacije, dok se pod kvalitativnim promenama podrazumevaju promene odnosa izmedu spomenutih karakteristika. Kako se i jedan i drugi tip promena dešava najčešće istovremeno, moguće je pogodnim izborom i distribucijom trenažnih sadržaja, modaliteta i volumena, uticati značajnije na određeni tip promena. Pri tome je važno naglasiti da se puni efekti izazvanih kvantitativnih promena mogu očekivati samo pod uticajem uspostavljanja optimalnih odnosa izmedu odgovarajućih sposobnosti, osobina i znanja. U sportskoj praksi je dobro poznato da se optimalna organizacija svih relevantnih dimenzija ličnosti ostvaruje tzv. situacionim modalitetima rada, tj. takvim radom gde se trenirana aktivnost sprovodi u uslovima koja su slična ili identična takmičenju.Kako je motorička efikasnost ma kog subjekta direktno zavisna od nivoa i međusobnih odnosa antropoloških karakteristika, poznavanje zakonitosti po kojima se odvijaju procesi kvantitativnih promena u ljudskom organizmu, presudno je za efikasno programiranje i kontrolu trenažnih transformacionih postupaka.Nasuprot toj pozitivnoj oceni, brojne analize i studije u poslednjih deset godina, sa svrhom da se utvrdi efikasnost treninga u fudbalskom sportu, pokazale su da ova delatnost bitno zaostaje za optimalnim razvojem drugih delatnosti i da u celini uzevši ne daje one rezultate koji bi odgovarali našim sadašnjim potrebama, interesima i mogućnostima.Posledice ovog zaostajanja su višestruke. One se najznačajnije manifestuju na antropološki status fudbalera, o čemu svedoče veoma niske vrednosti u pojedinim sposobnostima i osobinama, a naročito u sferi tehničkog znanja i taktičkog umeća, koji neposredno učestvuju u ostvarivanju vrhunskih rezultata u fudbalskom sportu.U poslednje vreme, a naročito poslednjih dvadesetak godina učinjeni su veoma ozbiljni napori da se sportski trening u fudbalskom sportu izvede iz stihije i prevede u jedan organizovani sistem koji bi se sa više uspeha mogao uključiti u savremene tokove sportske prakse.U svim nastojanjima koje su do sada preduzimane sa ciljem da se prevaziđu slabosti sadašnje koncepcije treninga u fudbalskom sportu prisutne su različite tendencije među kojima, dakako, ima i takvih u čiju se efikasnost ne može sasvim verovati.U stručnoj javnosti, na primer, veoma je prisutno verovanje da se postojeći problemi treninga u fudbalskom sportu, pa prema tome i problemi njegove efikasnosti, mogu uspešno rešiti intenzivnim trenažnim radom, tj. povećanjem ukupnog obima i inteziteta vežbanja, odnosno treninga. Poznato je, međutim, da se kompletna modernizacija, odnosno optimalizacija trenažnog rada, što upravo treba da čini suštinu svih savremenih zahteva i tendencija, ne može se ostvariti samo intezifikacijom vežbanja već i korenitim promenama kvalitetnih komponenata sadržaja treninga.Otuda, u daljim nastojanjima, prednost svakako treba dati onim tendencijama koje nastoje da se egzatnim putem utvrde i provere prediktivne vrednosti i uslovi koji će obezbediti prelaz ka naučnom upravljanju procesom sportskog treninga.
This paper presents results of experimental examinations of stress concentration influence to fatigue life of butt welded joints with K-groove, produced from the most frequently used structural steel ...S355J2+N. One group of experiments comprised examinations carried out on the K-groove specimens with stress concentrators of edged notch type. Specimens with short cracks (limited length of initial crack), defined on the basis of the experience from fracture mechanics by the three points bending examinations, have been examined according to standard for the determination of S-N curve, and aimed to determine fatigue strengths for different lengths of initial crack and Relationship between fatigue strength and crack length. Other group of experiments comprised examinations of specimens with edge notch, prepared in accordance with ASTM E 399 for three points bending, in order to establish regularity between crack growth and range of exerted stress intensity factor aimed to determine resistance of welded joint to initial crack growth, namely fatigue threshold (ΔKth).
Background: This study assessed the association between lead poisoning prevention activities and blood lead levels (BLLs) among children living in lead-contaminated camps for internally displaced ...persons in the United Nations-Administered Province of Kosovo. Methods: We conducted a population-based study to examine the relationship among geometric mean BLLs in children (i) born before any lead poisoning prevention activities were instituted, (ii) born when specific interim interventions were instituted and (iii) born after relocation and medical therapy were available. The study population consisted of 145 of the 186 children born in the camps between December 1999 and July 2007. Results: Lower mean BLLs were found in children born following implementation of the interventions as compared with the children born before the interventions. However, this decrease in mean BLLs was attenuated in children born into families suspected of informal lead smelting. Conclusion: Despite lower BLLs following interventions, children living in these camps have BLLs that remain unacceptably high. Further efforts are urgently needed to control or eliminate lead exposure in this population. Continued blood lead monitoring of the population is also warranted.
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