Decades after the massive student protest movements that consumed much of the world, the 1960s remain a significant subject of scholarly inquiry. While important work has been done regarding radical ...activism in the United States and Western Europe, events in what is today known as the Global South-Asia, Africa, and Latin America-have yet to receive the requisite attention they deserve. This volume inserts the Third World into the study of the 1960s by examining the local and international articulations of youth protest in various geographical, social, and cultural arenas. Rejecting the notion that the Third World existed on the periphery, it situates the events of the 1960s in a more inclusive context, building a richer, more nuanced understanding of the Global 1960s that better reflects the dynamism of the period.
No event since the Communist Revolution in 1949 had a more significant impact on the Chinese state than did the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. This event has garnered tremendous attention ...from Sinologists; scholars, however, have traditionally approached the Cultural Revolution from the perspective of the nation-state, analyzing the machinations of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the causes of student factionalism, and the role of political elites in the movement. Few scholars have considered the Cultural Revolution in a global context.¹ This has led to the perception that the Cultural Revolution was an isolated and insular movement that was generally cut
This dissertation examines the global dimensions of politics and culture in the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1962 to 1972. Beginning in 1962, the PRC articulated a socialist modernity that ...positioned Chinese politics as a model for revolutionary struggle around the world. The CCP used global symbols and global events to shape this new socialist modernity and to inform everyday politics. Global symbols were conveyed through rhetoric, propaganda, political speeches, mass meetings, rallies, and Chinese and student newspapers. The Chinese Communist Party furthermore assiduously recorded every anecdote, testimonial, or story that supposedly demonstrated China's importance around the world. These stories were then archived and used as irrefutable evidence of the PRC's global significance. Global symbols also became political currency during this period, and were used to exert power and claim legitimacy. This is especially true during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Chinese students, who formed into Red Guard units, claimed that global radicalism flowed from the Cultural Revolution. African liberation movements, the French student movement, and the war in Vietnam were all positioned as offshoots of the Cultural Revolution. Mass campaigns like the Cultural Revolution were therefore imbued with international significance, which raised the stakes for their success and contributed to their chaos.
...China and the world were brought into a relationship through movement, contact, and exchange. More than a foreign policy, the idea of the Great State was a type of disposition or mentality that ...framed China's relationship with the world and guided the state's view of itself and its seemingly limitless authority. What Karl's reading of modern Chinese history shows us is that revolutionaries across multiple generations were bound together by their attempt to translate the past into the idiom of their current revolutionary moment. ...all of China's modern revolutions “locally challenged and globally contested the normative nature of the emerging and maturing process of global capitalization” and “took ‘the world’ as a malleable revolutionary opportunity rather than a settled normative principle” (Karl, pp. 205, 208).
Liyan Liu. Red Genesis: The Hunan First Normal School and the Creation of Chinese Communism, 1903-1921. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2012. xiii, 251 pp. Hardcover $75.00, isbn ...978-1-4384-4503-8. Reprinted by permission of University of Hawaii Press
Introduction Samantha Christiansen; Zachary A. Scarlett
The Third World in the Global 1960s,
11/2012
Book Chapter
The shadow of the Third World hangs over the study of the radical protest movements of the 1960s in Europe and the United States. When thinking about this decade, Third World actors such as Ché ...Guevára, Frantz Fanon, Amilcar Cabral, and Ho Chi Minh often spring to mind alongside the likes of Rudi Dutschke, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Stokely Carmichael, and Tom Hayden. Scholars have long acknowledged that individuals, groups, language, ideology, tactics, and, indeed, the very idea of a Third World liberation movement inspired student groups and activists in Europe and the United States. These scholars have referred to the Third
Summary
Background
Retrospective studies report that visualisation of the liver may be severely limited using ultrasound (US), potentially contributing to diminished sensitivity for detection of ...hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis, but there are limited prospective data.
Aims
To compare liver visualisation scores prospectively for US and abbreviated hepatobiliary phase (HBP) magnetic resonance imaging (AMRI) in a cohort of participants with NAFLD cirrhosis and a clinical indication for HCC surveillance.
Methods
This prospective multicenter study included 54 consecutive participants (67% women) with NAFLD cirrhosis who underwent contemporaneous US as well as HBP‐AMRI with gadoxetic acid. Primary outcome was the proportion of imaging examinations with severe limitations in liver visualisation (visualisation score C) compared head‐to‐head between US and AMRI.
Results
The mean (± standard deviation) age was 63.3 years (±8.4) and body mass index was 32.0 kg/m2 (±6.0). Nineteen participants (35%) had severe visualisation limitations on US, compared with 10 (19%) with AMRI, p < 0.0001. Nine (17%) participants had <90% of the liver visualised on US, compared with only 1 (2%) participant with AMRI, p < 0.0001. Obesity was a strong and independent predictor for severe visualisation limitation on US (OR 5.1, CI 1.1–23.1, p = 0.03), after adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity.
Conclusion
More than one‐third of participants with NAFLD cirrhosis had severe visualisation limitations on US for HCC screening, compared with one‐sixth on AMRI. US adequacy should be reported in all clinical studies and when suboptimal then AMRI may be considered for HCC screening.
Retrospective studies suggest that abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (AMRI) provides adequate liver visualization more frequently than ultrasound (US), but a prospective, head‐to‐head comparative study is lacking. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study of US versus AMRI performed head‐to‐head for hepatocellular carcinoma screening among well characterized patients with NAFLD cirrhosis. Our study demonstrates that more than a third of patients with NAFLD cirrhosis have severe visualization limitations on US but only one‐sixth have severe visualization limitations on AMRI.
Previous research has found that people choose to reappraise low intensity images more often than high intensity images. However, this research does not account for image ambivalence, which is ...presence of both positive and negative cues in a stimulus. The purpose of this research was to determine differences in ambivalence in high intensity and low intensity images used in previous research (experiments 1-2), and if ambivalence played a role in emotion regulation choice in addition to intensity (experiments 3-4). Experiments 1 and 2 found that the low intensity images were more ambivalent than the high intensity images. Experiment 2 further found a positive relationship between ambivalence of an image and reappraisal affordances. Experiments 3 and 4 found that people chose to reappraise ambivalent images more often than non-ambivalent images, and they also chose to reappraise low intensity images more often than high intensity images. These experiments support the idea that ambivalence is a factor in emotion regulation choice. Future research should consider the impact ambivalent stimuli have on emotion regulation, including the potential for leveraging ambivalent stimuli to improve one's emotion regulation ability.
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