Characterizing cerebral contributions to individual variability in pain processing is crucial for personalized pain medicine, but has yet to be done. In the present study, we address this problem by ...identifying brain regions with high versus low interindividual variability in their relationship with pain. We trained idiographic pain-predictive models with 13 single-trial functional MRI datasets (n = 404, discovery set) and quantified voxel-level importance for individualized pain prediction. With 21 regions identified as important pain predictors, we examined the interindividual variability of local pain-predictive weights in these regions. Higher-order transmodal regions, such as ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, showed larger individual variability, whereas unimodal regions, such as somatomotor cortices, showed more stable pain representations across individuals. We replicated this result in an independent dataset (n = 124). Overall, our study identifies cerebral sources of individual differences in pain processing, providing potential targets for personalized assessment and treatment of pain.
Background/Aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the postoperative evolution of nutritional status and to relate it with postoperative outcomes. Methods: Demographic, surgical and ...nutritional parameters were assessed 10 days preoperatively (d-10) and 30 days postoperatively (d30) in 146 patients. Risk factors responsible for perioperative (>5% between d-10 and d30) weight loss were identified. Overall, severe (Clavien 3-5) and infectious complications were compared in patients with and without perioperative weight loss (>5%). Results: Nutritional status worsened beyond the postoperative period as reflected by decreasing weight (67 ± 13 kg at d-10 vs. 63 ± 13 kg at d30, p < 0.001), body mass index (23.4 ± 4 vs. 22.2 ± 4 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and mid upper-arm muscle circumference (MAMC, 241 ± 32 vs. 232 ± 30 mm, p < 0.001). Fifty-two patients (46%) lost >5% of their body weight between d-10 and d30. Patients who presented overall (63 vs. 36%, p = 0.004) and major (27 vs. 10%, p = 0.016) postoperative complications were at significantly higher risk to deteriorate postoperative nutritional status. Multivariate analysis identified low preoperative lean body mass (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2-8.9, p = 0.023) and low preoperative MAMC (OR 2.5; 95% CI 0.9-6.8, p = 0.066) as independent risk factors for perioperative weight loss. Conclusions: These data suggest continuing nutritional follow-up after the index hospitalization.
The development of fast and accurate methods of photometric redshift estimation is a vital step towards being able to fully utilize the data of next-generation surveys within precision cosmology. In ...this paper, we apply a specific approach to spectral connectivity analysis (SCA) called diffusion map. SCA is a class of non-linear techniques for transforming observed data (e.g. photometric colours for each galaxy, where the data lie on a complex subset of p-dimensional space) to a simpler, more natural coordinate system wherein we apply regression to make redshift predictions. In previous applications of SCA to other astronomical problems, we demonstrate its superiority vis-a-vis the principal components analysis, a standard linear technique for transforming data. As SCA relies upon eigen-decomposition, our training set size is limited to ≲104 galaxies; we use the Nyström extension to quickly estimate diffusion coordinates for objects not in the training set. We apply our method to 350 738 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main sample galaxies, 29 816 SDSS luminous red galaxies and 5223 galaxies from DEEP2 with Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey ugriz photometry. For all three data sets, we achieve prediction accuracies at par with previous analyses, and find that the use of the Nyström extension leads to a negligible loss of prediction accuracy relative to that achieved with the training sets. As in some previous analyses, we observe that our predictions are generally too high (low) in the low (high) redshift regimes. We demonstrate that this is a manifestation of attenuation bias, wherein measurement error (i.e. uncertainty in diffusion coordinates due to uncertainty in the measured fluxes/magnitudes) reduces the slope of the best-fitting regression line. Mitigation of this bias is necessary if we are to use photometric redshift estimates produced by computationally efficient empirical methods in precision cosmology.
Zusammenfassung
Der § 140 SGB V dient als gesetzliche Vorgabe, um integrierte Versorgungsnetze zu entwickeln und diese direkt mit den Krankenkassen als Kostenträger zu verhandeln. Ziel ist u. a. die ...Vernetzung von stationären und ambulanten Therapieangeboten, um vorhandene Ressourcen besser zu nutzen und qualitativ hochwertige und trotzdem kostengünstige Behandlungsmodelle zu schaffen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Rationale und die praktische Struktur eines integrierten Versorgungsvertrages über einen individualisierten, interdisziplinären, qualifizierten ambulanten bzw. teilstationären Alkoholentzug dargestellt und im Rahmen der allgemeinen Erfahrungen mit Möglichkeiten der Entwicklung und Umsetzung integrierter Versorgungsmodelle im Suchtbereich diskutiert werden.
Terbinafine, a synthetic allylamine, exerts fungicidal activity against dermatophytes, the causative pathogens of tinea pedis. As proven in numerous clinical trials, tinea pedis can be effectively ...and safely treated by topical terbinafine. In fact, a 1-week application of terbinafine 1% cream eradicated fungal pathogens at least as effectively as 4-week treatment courses with topical azole derivative antifungals and showed lower relapse rates. A new innovative single-application formulation of terbinafine 1% in a film-forming solution produces a high concentration gradient on the skin surface and enables a prolonged (up to 13 days) exposure of the skin to terbinafine. High drug penetration into the skin results in an otherwise not obtained drug reservoir in the horny layer, the location of dermatophytes in tinea pedis. Although azole antimycotics can also effectively penetrate into the horny layer of the skin, short-term therapy might not be feasible due to its primarily fungistatic activity against dermatophytes. Thus, we conclude that the high efficacy of short-term treatment with terbinafine in patients with tinea pedis is possible due to its fungicidal activity coupled with a distinct reservoir formation in the upper layers of the epidermis.
There is abundant evidence that opioid receptors are present on peripheral terminals of primary afferent neurons. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that activation of these peripheral ...opioid receptors produces potent analgesia. In addition to peripheral opioid receptors, cholecystokinin receptors are present in sensory neurons. We examined the hypothesis that cholecystokinin receptors may be present on the same primary afferent neuron and that either exogenous or endogenous cholecystokinin may modulate peripheral antinociceptive effects of
μ-opioid receptor agonists. Administration of cholecystokinin into inflamed paws, of the rat, but not intravenously attenuated peripheral antinociceptive effects induced by two
μ-opioid receptor agonists,
d-Ala
2,
N-methyl-Phe
4,Gly-ol
5-enkephalin and fentanyl. Only the desulphated form of cholecystokinin produced significant and dose-dependent attenuation. Cholecystokinin alone did not alter nociceptive baseline values in inflamed or non-inflamed paws. The anti-opioid effect of cholecystokinin was dose-dependently antagonized by the cholecystokinin
B receptor-selective antagonist L-365 260, but not by the cholecystokinin
A receptor-selective antagonist L-364 718. Local pretreatment with the protein kinase C specific inhibitor calphostin C abolished cholecystokinin's effect. Peripheral antinociceptive effects of
d-Ala
2,
N-methyl-Phe
4,Gly-ol
5-enkephalin and fentanyl were not altered by intraplantar L-365 260 alone.
These results indicate that activation of peripheral cholecystokinin
B but not cholecystokinin
A receptors attenuates the local antinociceptive effects of
μ-opioid receptor agonists in inflamed tissue. This anti-opioid effect may be mediated by protein kinase C in sensory nerve terminals. Endogenous cholecystokinin does not seem to influence the efficacy of peripheral opioids under both normal and inflammatory conditions.
•Widespread cratered terrain in the Rongo quadrangle formed at about 1.8 Ga.•Two cryovolcanic edifices are identified within the quadrangle.•The 260 km diameter Yalode basin structure formed at ...approximately 580 Ma.•Yalode and Haulani ejecta could potentially serve as regional stratigraphic markers.
The Dawn spacecraft arrived at dwarf planet Ceres in spring 2015 and imaged its surface from four successively lower polar orbits at ground sampling dimensions between ∼1.3 km/px and ∼35 m/px. To understand the geological history of Ceres a mapping campaign was initiated to produce a set of 15 quadrangle-based geological maps using the highest-resolution Framing Camera imagery. Here we present the geological map of the Ac-10 Rongo Quadrangle, which is located at the equator encompassing the region from 22°N to 22°S and 288° to 360°E. The total relief within the quadrangle is 11.1 km with altitudes ranging from about −7.3 km to +3.8 km. We identified nine geological units based on surface morphology and surface textural characteristics. The dominant and most widespread unit is the cratered terrain (crt) representing ancient reworked crustal material. Its consistent formation age across the quadrangle is 1.8 Ga. Two edifices (unit th), Ahuna Mons and an unnamed tholus within Begbalel Crater, are interpreted to be of (cryo)volcanic origin. The southwest portion of the quadrangle is dominated by ejecta material (Ye) emplaced during the formation of the 260-km diameter Yalode impact basin at about 580 Ma. Rayed crater ejecta material (cr) is dominant in the eastern part of the quadrangle but also occurs in isolated patches up to a distance of 455 km from the 34 km diameter source crater Haulani. The remaining five geological units also represent impact crater materials: degraded rim (crdeg), bright crater (cb), hummocky floor (cfh), talus (ta), and crater (c) materials.
Widespread Yalode and Haulani ejecta materials can potentially be utilised as stratigraphic markers. Therefore, it is essential to consistently map their full areal extent and to date their formations using impact crater statistics.
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