Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the ...CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.
The variability in the three dimensional (3D) lumbo-pelvic angular kinematic patterns during running when using differing Cardan angle sequences was quantified. Data for four able-bodied subjects ...running on a treadmill at 4.0 m/s were captured using a motion analysis system with six cameras operating at 200 Hz. The adjusted coefficient of multiple correlation was used to compare graphical waveforms whilst the maximum root mean square of the differences was used to express the magnitude of any discrepancy in absolute units. Minimal qualitative differences were found between the various sequences. Quantitative differences between each of the Cardan angle sequences were not found to exceed 7.0 degrees and 2.8 degrees for the lumbar spine and pelvic rotations respectively. It was concluded that different Cardan angle sequences were not found to substantially affect typical 3D lumbo-pelvic angular kinematic patterns during running.
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