IntroductionAccurate, patient-centred evaluation of physical function in patients with cancer can provide important information on the functional impacts experienced by patients both from the disease ...and its treatment. Increasingly, digital health technology is facilitating and providing new ways to measure symptoms and function. There is a need to characterise the longitudinal measurement characteristics of physical function assessments, including clinician-reported outcome, patient-reported ported outcome (PRO), performance outcome tests and wearable data, to inform regulatory and clinical decision-making in cancer clinical trials and oncology practice.Methods and analysisIn this prospective study, we are enrolling 200 English-speaking and/or Spanish-speaking patients with breast cancer or lymphoma seen at Mayo Clinic or Yale University who will receive intravenous cytotoxic chemotherapy. Physical function assessments will be obtained longitudinally using multiple assessment modalities. Participants will be followed for 9 months using a patient-centred health data aggregating platform that consolidates study questionnaires, electronic health record data, and activity and sleep data from a wearable sensor. Data analysis will focus on understanding variability, sensitivity and meaningful changes across the included physical function assessments and evaluating their relationship to key clinical outcomes. Additionally, the feasibility of multimodal physical function data collection in real-world patients with breast cancer or lymphoma will be assessed, as will patient impressions of the usability and acceptability of the wearable sensor, data aggregation platform and PROs.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from IRBs at Mayo Clinic, Yale University and the US Food and Drug Administration. Results will be made available to participants, funders, the research community and the public.Trial registration numberNCT05214144; Pre-results.
Isolated stegosaurian teeth from the Early Cretaceous high-latitude (palaeolatitude estimate of N 62°- 66.5°) Teete locality in Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) are characterized by a labiolingually ...compressed, slightly asymmetrical and mesiodistally denticulated (9-14 denticles) crown, a pronounced ring-like cingulum, as well as a "complex network of secondary ridges". The 63 teeth (found during on-site excavation in 2012, 2017-2019 and screen-washing in 2017-2019) most likely belong to one species of a derived (stegosaurine) stegosaur. Most of the teeth exhibit a high degree of wear and up to three wear facets has been observed on a single tooth. The prevalence of worn teeth with up to three wear facets and the presence of different types of facets (including steeply inclined and groove-like) indicate the tooth-tooth contact and precise dental occlusion in the Teete stegosaur. The microwear pattern (mesiodistally or slightly obliquely oriented scratches; differently oriented straight and curved scratches on some wear facets) suggest a complex jaw mechanism with palinal jaw motion. Histological analysis revealed that the Teete stegosaur is characterized by relatively short tooth formation time (95 days) and the presence of a "wavy enamel pattern". Discoveries of a "wavy enamel pattern" in the Teete stegosaur, in a Middle Jurassic stegosaur from Western Siberia, and in the basal ceratopsian Psittacosaurus, suggest that this histological feature is common for different ornithischian clades, including ornithopods, marginocephalians, and thyreophorans. A juvenile tooth in the Teete sample indicates that stegosaurs were year-round residents and reproduced in high latitudes. The combination of high degree of tooth wear with formation of multiple wear facets, complex jaw motions, relatively short tooth formation time and possibly high tooth replacement rates is interpreted as a special adaptation for a life in high-latitude conditions or, alternatively, as a common stegosaurian adaptation making stegosaurs a successful group of herbivorous dinosaurs in the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and enabeling them to live in both low- and high-latitude ecosystems.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Dyes and dusts have been used to mark insects internally and externally for decades, the majority of examples coming from laboratory-reared pest species used in mark-release-recapture studies. Using ...dyes or dusts to mark populations of pests and beneficial insects simultaneously in the field has received less attention. We evaluated a water-soluble fluorescent dye and a resin-based fluorescent pigment sprayed on crops to mark beneficial and pest insects, and monitored the dispersal of marked insects. Our results show that resin-based dyes provide an effective mark on several species of insects among several orders. The resin-based dye is also relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, UV-stable and water resistant, unlike a water-soluble dye. Using the resin-based dye in a broccoli production system, we were able to monitor simultaneously the movement of field populations of the parasitoids, Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Apanteles ippeus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the adult stage of the host, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Resin-based dye applied on a crop is an effective way to mark and monitor the dispersal of populations of beneficial and pest insects in relation to agricultural practices, integrated pest management and conservation biological control.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Deep learning approaches for clinical predictions based on magnetic resonance imaging data have shown great promise as a translational technology for diagnosis and prognosis in neurological ...disorders, but its clinical impact has been limited. This is partially attributed to the opaqueness of deep learning models, causing insufficient understanding of what underlies their decisions. To overcome this, we trained convolutional neural networks on structural brain scans to differentiate dementia patients from healthy controls, and applied layerwise relevance propagation to procure individual-level explanations of the model predictions. Through extensive validations we demonstrate that deviations recognized by the model corroborate existing knowledge of structural brain aberrations in dementia. By employing the explainable dementia classifier in a longitudinal dataset of patients with mild cognitive impairment, we show that the spatially rich explanations complement the model prediction when forecasting transition to dementia and help characterize the biological manifestation of disease in the individual brain. Overall, our work exemplifies the clinical potential of explainable artificial intelligence in precision medicine.
Docodonta are the most abundant and taxonomically diverse group of mammaliaforms in the high paleolatitude Lower Cretaceous Teete locality in Yakutia, Russia. Docodontans are represented by the ...tegotheriids Khorotherium yakutense and Ergetiis ichchi gen. et sp. nov., and possibly two more taxa known from fragmentary specimens (Docodonta indet.). Ergetiis ichchi gen. et sp. nov. shows a reduction and posterior shift of the angular process of the dentary which could indicate a reduction of the mandibular middle ear potentially in a way analogous to the transitional mammalian middle ear of Eutriconodonta. A revised phylogenetic analysis of Docodonta suggests a stemward position of Docodontidae and a sister group relationship for Simpsonodontidae and Tegotheriidae.
Isolated incompete salamander dentaries from the Lower Cretaceous Teete locality in Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) represent the northernmost occurrence of non-karaurid salamanders in the Mesozoic ...and are evidence that small-sized salamanders lived in high latitudes (paleolatitude estimate of N 62°–66.5°) in the Northern Hemisphere in the Early Cretaceous. These gracile and lightly built dentaries are characterized by the presence of numerous slender and closely spaced pedicellate teeth, a sharp ridge along the ventral edge of the postsymphyseal region, numerous neurovascular foramina that open into parallel longitudinal grooves on the labial surface, and a complex neurovascular system. The neurovascular system, which consists of a large longitudinal canal for the ramus mandibularis internus of the trigeminal nerve associated with smaller lateral canals and an entirely separate anterior part of the alveolar canal for the branches of the ramus alveolaris of the facial nerve, is similar to that of the long-lived Juro-Cretaceous small-sized non-karaurid salamanders of the genus Kiyatriton. The Teete faunal association “relic karaurid stem salamander—small-sized non-karaurid salamander” is characteristic for the “Great Siberian refugium” for Jurassic vertebrate relicts that covered the vast northeastern part of the Asiatic continent during the Early Cretaceous.
Introduction
Radiological assessment is necessary to diagnose spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury intracranial hemorrhage (TBI-bleed). Artificial intelligence (AI) ...deep learning tools provide a means for decision support. This study evaluates the hemorrhage segmentations produced from three-dimensional deep learning AI model that was developed using non-contrast computed tomography (CT) imaging data external to the current study.
Methods
Non-contrast CT imaging data from 1263 patients were accessed across seven data sources (referred to as sites) in Norway and Sweden. Patients were included based on ICH, TBI-bleed, or mild TBI diagnosis. Initial non-contrast CT images were available for all participants. Hemorrhage location frequency maps were generated. The number of estimated haematoma clusters was correlated with the total haematoma volume. Ground truth expert annotations were available for one ICH site; hence, a comparison was made with the estimated haematoma volumes. Segmentation volume estimates were used in a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis for all samples (i.e., bleed detected) and then specifically for one site with few TBI-bleed cases.
Results
The hemorrhage frequency maps showed spatial patterns of estimated lesions consistent with ICH or TBI-bleed presentations. There was a positive correlation between the estimated number of clusters and total haematoma volume for each site (correlation range: 0.45–0.74; each
p
-value < 0.01) and evidence of ICH between-site differences. Relative to hand-drawn annotations for one ICH site, the VIOLA-AI segmentation mask achieved a median Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.82 (interquartile range: 0.78 and 0.83), resulting in a small overestimate in the haematoma volume by a median of 0.47 mL (interquartile range: 0.04 and 1.75 mL). The bleed detection ROC analysis for the whole sample gave a high area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.92 (with sensitivity and specificity of 83.28% and 95.41%); however, when considering only the mild head injury site, the TBI-bleed detection gave an AUC of 0.70.
Discussion
An open-source segmentation tool was used to visualize hemorrhage locations across multiple data sources and revealed quantitative hemorrhage site differences. The automated total hemorrhage volume estimate correlated with a per-participant hemorrhage cluster count. ROC results were moderate-to-high. The VIOLA-AI tool had promising results and might be useful for various types of intracranial hemorrhage.
The evaluation of the maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) following exercise training is the classical assessment of training effectiveness. Research has lacked in investigating whether individuals that ...do not respond to the training intervention (V˙O2max), also do not improve in other health‐related parameters. We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations (i.e., performance, body composition, blood pressure, vascular function, fasting blood markers, and resting cardiac function and morphology) to exercise training among participants who showed different levels of V˙O2max responsiveness. Healthy sedentary participants engaged in a 6‐week exercise training program, three times a week. Our results showed that responders had a greater increase in peak power output, second lactate threshold, and microvascular responsiveness, whereas non‐responders had a greater increase in cycling efficiency. No statistical differences were observed in body composition, blood pressure, fasting blood parameters, and resting cardiac adaptations. In conclusion, our study showed, for the first time, that in addition to the differences in the V˙O2max, a greater increase in microvascular responsiveness in responders compared to non‐responders was observed. Additionally, responders and non‐responders did not show differences in the adaptations on metabolic parameters. There is an increasing need for personalized training prescription, depending on the target clinical outcome.
The evaluation of the maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) following exercise training is the classical assessment of training effectiveness. Research has lacked in investigating whether individuals that do not respond to the training intervention (V˙O2max), also do not improve in other health‐related parameters. Our results showed that responders had a greater increase than non‐responders in peak power output, second lactate threshold, and microvascular responsiveness, whereas non‐responders had a greater increase in cycling efficiency than responders.
For the first time a heater-magnet module (HMM), simultaneously generating heat and a traveling magnetic field (TMF), was constructed for an industrial scale G5 multi-crystalline Si crystallizer and ...extensively tested. Effective melt mixing and precise control of the interface shape have been demonstrated using TMF, which resulted in ingots exhibiting superior properties, clearly proving the beneficial effects of the advanced convection control without affecting the stability of the Si3N4 crucible coating. Hence, most of the solidified Si volume showed very homogeneous IR transmission without inclusions. Dislocation densities were relatively low and bunching was only rarely observed, resulting in overall high carrier lifetimes. Therefore, our results demonstrate that a HMM configuration in an industrial Si crystallizer may successfully accomplish the following tasks: (i) good thermal stability and controllability of the melt-solid interface morphology, (ii) suppression of second phase inclusions, such as SiC and Si3N4, by mastering the mixing of the melt during the whole crystallization process, and (iii) no pronounced interaction between melt and container wall.
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