Studies spanning the last three decades demonstrated the injury causing capability of air gun (AG) projectiles. Recent studies have suggested the impact and incidence of these injuries may be ...declining because of edcational efforts. We hypothesize that injuries in the pediatric population resulting from AGs remain a significant health concern.
A retrospective review (1/1/2007 to 12/31/2016), of AG-injured children < 19 years old, was performed across six level I Pediatric Trauma Centers, part of the ATOMAC research consortium. AG injuries were defined as injuries sustained by ball-bearing or pellet air-powered guns. Paint ball and soft foam AGs were excluded. Following institutional review board approval, patients were identified by ICD code from the trauma registry. Included were demographic data, injury severity scores, length of stay (LOS), outcome at discharge, and overall cost of admission. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were employed.
A total of 499 patients sustained injuries. Mean age 9.5 (±4.0) y; 81% of victims were male; all survived to hospital discharge. 30% (n = 151) required operative intervention. Hospital LOS was 2.3 (±2.2) d; with mean cost of $23,756 (±$34,441). Injury severity score mean of 3.7 (±4.6) on admission. Over 40% of the injuries to the head/thorax that were severe (AIS ≥ 3) required operative intervention (P < 0.001).
AG injuries to the head or thorax seen at trauma centers were likely to require operative management. While no fatalities occurred, the cost was substantial. This study demonstrates pediatric injuries resulting from AG projectiles remain a significant health concern.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether partial hepatectomy (PH) enhances the growth of implanted intrahepatic and subcutaneous tumor and whether octreotide (OCT) can alter tumor ...growth.
Methods: Ninety-one ACl rats (125 g) underwent a laparotomy; 51 had a 66% PH and 40 were controls. Morris hepatoma 3924A was implanted in the liver (IH) of 29 PH and 26 controls and subcutaneously (SC) in 22 PH and 14 control rats. OCT, 50 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally twice a day to 23 PH rats with IH (n = 15) or SC (n = 8) tumor implants. The remaining PH rats received a similar volume of saline (NS). PH and control animals were evaluated for tumor volume, metastases, and tumor and liver weight at 7 and 15 days.
Results: Group I (PH + IH + NS) showed a sixfold increase in IH tumor volume and 100% increase in metastases versus group II (controls + IH + NS) at 15 days postimplant (
P < .01). Group III (PH + SC + NS) had a fourfold increase in SC tumor volume at 7 and 15 days versus group IV (control + SC + NS,
P < .02). Group V (PH + IH + OCT) showed a tenfold reduction of IH tumor volume (
P < .01) and 20% decrease in liver weight (
P < .03) when compared with group I at 15 days. Group VI (PH + SC + OCT) similarly showed a threefold reduction of SC tumor volume (
P < .01) and 20% decrease in tumor weight (
P < .05) versus group III.
Conclusion: Growth of IH and SC hepatoma is enhanced after PH and inhibited by OCT. This suggests that factors influencing hepatic replication also affect local and remote tumor growth. OCT action may be related to the presence of somatostatin receptors or caused by a direct antiproliferative effect.
Abstract Acquired rectovaginal fistulas in the pediatric population are relatively rare but are often difficult to treat. We describe a young girl who acquired a neorectovaginal fistula after a ...repeat pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung's disease. Durable repair of the fistula was accomplished with a gracilis transposition flap, providing a well-vascularized muscle buttress between the neorectum and vagina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a gracilis flap in a pediatric patient with an acquired fistula and should be considered for this complication after pull-through for Hirschsprung's as well as for other perineal fistulas such as those acquired after trauma, infection, or in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease.
Abstract Purpose To determine if anatomical findings on fetal MRI of venolymphatic malformations of the face and neck (VLMFN) can be used to create a staging system predictive of airway outcomes. ...Methods We reviewed 13 fetuses evaluated for VLMFN. Stage was assigned based on anatomical findings on fetal MRI. Stage I: no evidence of polyhydramnios with free egress of amniotic fluid and clear visualization of the aryepiglottal folds and larynx. Stage II: lesions of the tongue or epiglottis but with normal aryepiglottal folds without polyhydramnios. Stage III: lesions of the tongue or larynx; non-visualization of the aryepiglottal folds without free egress of amniotic fluid along with polyhydramnios. Results Six met stage I criteria with no airway involvement, nor any subsequent issues. . Two met stage II criteria, were managed by EXIT and intubated. One had minimal involvement of the upper airway, was extubated and had no subsequent issues. Child two had involvement of the tongue and larynx and received a tracheostomy. Five were assigned stage III, delivered by EXIT and intubated. Postnatal evaluation showed involvement of the upper airway by the lesion and was managed with tracheostomy. All treated by tracheostomy remain cannulated due to persistent symptomatic lesions at follow up. (RR 4.0 CI 1.2-13.3). Median follow up was 4 years (range 2-7 years). Conclusion While numbers are small, data suggests anatomical details obtained by antenatal fetal MRI appear to correlate with airway outcomes in children affected by a VLMFN. This information may be useful when counseling expectant families of affected fetuses.
Chromatic aberration of an air-coupled ultrasonic Fresnel zone-plate Schindel, D.W.; Bashford, A.G.; Hutchins, D.A.
IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control,
1999-Jan., 1999, 1999-00-00, 1999-01-00, 19990101, Letnik:
46, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A micromachined Fresnel zone-plate has been used to focus ultrasonic waves in air over a range of frequencies (450 to 900 kHz). The zone-plate was mounted upon a planar micromachined air-coupled ...capacitance transducer, which was capable of generating toneburst ultrasonic waves in air over a wide frequency bandwidth (<100 kHz to 2 MHz). A second air-coupled capacitance detector (apertured to 200 /spl mu/m) was scanned in the field of the zone-plate source in order to image the generated ultrasonic field at various frequencies of operation. It was found that the /spl sim/680 /spl mu/m spot size of the experimental zone-plate did not vary appreciably with changing frequency, whereas the focal length increased markedly with increasing frequency (from /spl sim/5 mm at 450 kHz up to /spl sim/15 mm at 900 kHz). These findings are shown to be in excellent agreement with previously reported theoretical predictions by the authors.
Assessing the biodiversity of macroinvertebrate fauna in freshwater ecosystems is an essential component of both basic ecological inquiry and applied ecological assessments. Aspects of taxonomic ...diversity and composition in freshwater communities are widely used to quantify water quality and measure the efficacy of remediation and restoration efforts. The accuracy and precision of biodiversity assessments based on standard morphological identifications are often limited by taxonomic resolution and sample size. Morphologically based identifications are laborious and costly, significantly constraining the sample sizes that can be processed. We suggest that the development of an assay platform based on DNA signatures will increase the precision and ease of quantifying biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. Advances in this area will be particularly relevant for benthic and planktonic invertebrates, which are often monitored by regulatory agencies. Adopting a genetic assessment platform will alleviate some of the current limitations to biodiversity assessment strategies. We discuss the benefits and challenges associated with DNA-based assessments and the methods that are currently available. As recent advances in microarray and next-generation sequencing technologies will facilitate a transition to DNA-based assessment approaches, future research efforts should focus on methods for data collection, assay platform development, establishing linkages between DNA signatures and well-resolved taxonomies, and bioinformatics.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Warm-water marine gastropods from soft-bottom habitats show an increase in the incidence of breakage-resistant shell characteristics over geological time. The hypothesis that breakage became a more ...important component of selection in the middle of the Mesozoic Era is supported by the finding that frequencies of breakage-induced shell repair increased from the Pennsylvanian and Triassic periods to the Cretaceous, Miocene, and Recent.
...human activities are causing the extinction of species hundreds of times faster than the natural rate of extinction found in the fossil record. The technique is based on a simple but powerful ...observation: that sequence diversity, in short, standardized gene regions (i.e., DNA barcodes), can serve as a tool to identify known species and potentially discover new ones. ...DNA barcoding allows researchers to develop a system for species identification based on digital characters, eventually allowing for automated identifications, thereby promising to improve the capacity to identify, monitor, and manage biodiversity, with profound societal and economic benefits. The project will bring together 26 countries to broaden and strengthen DNA barcoding research with potential social, cultural, and economic, implications--direct and indirect--with a special focus on developing countries. Because the true stewards of biological diversity are at the local level, it is imperative that they be included in the process.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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