Vertrauenskrisen haben Konjunktur: Ob Politik, Wissenschaft oder Journalismus - kein gesellschaftliches Teilsystem bleibt von öffentlichen Misstrauensbekundungen verschont. Doch was genau meint der ...schillernde Begriff »Systemvertrauen« und welche Konsequenzen hat ein Mangel desselben? Malte G. Schmidt folgt diesen Fragen aus einer gesellschaftstheoretischen Perspektive. Er zeigt die sozialintegrative Bedeutung des Journalismus auf und prüft, inwieweit dieser seine Rolle als Vertrauensvermittler im neoliberalen Kapitalismus erfüllen kann. Ein ökonomisierter Journalismus - so seine These - bedingt gesellschaftliche Integrationsstörungen, die dann in Form von Autoritarismus auf ihn zurückfallen.
Direct metal deposition (DMD) can be used for the cladding of surfaces as well as repairing and additive manufacturing of parts and features. Process monitoring and control methods ensure a ...consistent quality during manufacturing. Monitoring by optical emission spectroscopy of the process radiation can provide information on process conditions and the deposition layer. The object of this work is to measure optical emissions from the process using a spectrometer and identify element lines within the spectra. Single spectra have been recorded from the process. Single tracks of Co-based powder (MetcoClad21) were clad on an S235 base material. The influence of varying process parameters on the incidence and intensity of element lines has been investigated. Moreover, the interactions between the laser beam, powder jet, and substrate with regard to spectral emissions have been examined individually. The results showed that element lines do not occur regularly. Therefore, single spectra are sorted into spectra including element lines (type A) and those not including element lines (type B). Furthermore, only non-ionised elements could be detected, with chromium appearing frequently. It was shown that increasing the laser power increases the incidence of type A spectra and the intensity of specific Cr I lines. Moreover, element lines only occurred frequently during the interaction of the laser beam with the melt pool of the deposition layer.
Abstract
Background
The physical examination is one of the cornerstones of the diagnostic process in patients with acute shoulder injuries. The discriminative properties of a given examination test ...depend both on its validity and reliability. The aim of the present study was to assess the interrater reliability of 13 physical examination manoeuvres for acute rotator cuff tears in patients with acute soft tissue shoulder injuries.
Methods
In a large walk-in orthopaedic emergency department, 120 consecutive patients ≥40 years of age were included in a diagnostic study. Patients who had follow-up within three weeks of an acute shoulder injury without fracture on radiographs were eligible. Four emergency department physicians participated as examiners. In a subset of 48 patients, the physical examination tests were performed by two physicians, randomly chosen by their work rotation. The physicians were blinded to the findings of each other and the results of the ultrasound screening. The interrater reliability was assessed by Cohen’s kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and Bland-Altman plots depending on whether the examination test result was registered as a binary, ordered categorical or continuous numerical variable.
Results
The median age was 55.5 years, 46% were female. Twenty-seven percent had a rotator cuff full-thickness tear on ultrasound screening; all but one involved the supraspinatus tendon. Cohen’s kappa for binary tests ranged from excellent to fair. Excellent agreement (kappa > 0.8) was found for the inability to abduct above 90° and abduction strength. External rotation strength expressed substantial agreement (kappa 0.7). The lowest scores were registered for Hawkins` test and the external rotation lag sign (kappa 0.25 and 0.40, respectively). The ICCs for active range of abduction and external rotation were 0.93 (0.88–0.96) and 0.84 (0.72–0.91), whereas the SEM was 15 and 9, respectively.
Conclusions
The results indicate that examination manoeuvres assessing abduction and external rotation range of motion and strength are more reliable than manoeuvres assessing pain in patients in the acute phase of traumatic shoulder injury. The poor agreement observed is likely to limit the validity in the present setting of two commonly used tests.
Trial registration
The Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee South East (
2015/195
).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Laser materials processing includes rapid heating to possibly high temperatures and rapid cooling of the illuminated materials. The material reactions can show significant deviations from equilibrium ...processing. During processing of complex materials and material combinations, it is mainly unknown how the materials react and mix. However, it is important to know which chemical elements or compounds are present in the material to define the alloy. In addition, their distribution after rapid cooling needs to be better understood. Therefore, such alloy changes at rapid heating induced by laser illumination were created as pre-placed and pre-mixed powder nuggets. The energy input and the material ratio between the powder components were varied to identify characteristic responses. For the detection of reaction durations and mixing characteristics, the vapor plume content was assumed to contain the necessary information. Spectral measurements of the plume were used to identify indicators about process behaviors. It was seen that the spectral data give indications about the chemical reactions in the melt pool. The reactions of iron ore components with aluminum seem to require laser illumination to finish completely, although the thermite reaction should maintain the chemical reaction, likely due to the required melt mixing that enables the interaction of the reacting partners at all.
We address the impact of the relative orientation between donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules at the D/A heterojunction on the exciton dissociation. For this purpose, two-dimensional heterojunctions ...of diindenoperylene (DIP) and N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylicdiimide (PTCDI-C8) deposited onto SiO2/Si are grown, which exemplify two model interfaces with the π-staking direction either perpendicular or parallel to the interface. Aspects related to the morphology of the heterojunctions and charge photogeneration are studied by scanning probe force methods and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results from PL spectroscopy indicate that the exciton dissociation is influenced by the different relative molecular orientations of A and D. For the configuration with stronger orbital overlap between A and D at the interface, the exciton dissociation is dominated by recombination from an interfacial charge-transfer state.
In vitro–generated soft tissue could provide alternate therapies for soft tissue defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate methacrylated gelatin/hyaluronan as scaffolds for soft tissue ...engineering and their interaction with human adipose–derived stem cells (hASCs). ASCs were incorporated into methacrylated gelatin/hyaluronan hydrogels. The gels were photocrosslinked with a lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate photoinitiator and analyzed for cell viability and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs over a period of 30 days. Additionally, an angiogenesis assay was performed to assess their angiogenic potential. After 24 h, ASCs showed increased viability on composite hydrogels. These results were consistent over 21 days of culture. By induction of adipogenic differentiation, the mature adipocytes were observed after 7 days of culture, their number significantly increased until day 28 as well as expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 and adiponectin. Our scaffolds are promising as building blocks for adipose tissue engineering and allowed long viability, proliferation, and differentiation of ASCs.
This study is devoted to examining how recipients assess the quality of online news content. Previous studies on recipients' perception of online news are based on normative scientific standards ...only; as a consequence, quality criteria relevant to audiences have been neglected. However, we claim that the reputation of individual media outlets and the intensity of individual site's usage among audiences influence the evaluation of journalistic content. To address these issues we conducted a multi-method online survey (N = 297). Among the results of the study, we identified important quality criteria and draw attention to the role of eight German online news media sites' reputation scores. Participants of a subsequent online experiment (N = 625) evaluated articles which were manipulated with regard to audience-related criteria and the medium of origin (2x3 design). The examined criteria explain 73.9 percent variance of the overall judgement, hence, they are suitable for investigating recipients' quality assessment. Interestingly, the quality of an article is judged significantly better if it is published in a high reputation news medium. The amount of individual usage, however, does not influence the overall assessment.
AIM： To classify gallstone disease as a basis for assessment of post-choleolstectomy symptoms.
METHODS： One hundred and fifty three patients with a clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of ...gallstones filled out a structured questionnaire on abdominal pain symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorder （FGID） before and at six months after cholecystectomy. Symptom frequency groups （SFG） were categorized according to frequency of pain attacks. According to certain pain characteristics in gallstone patients, a gallstone symptom score was accorded on a scale from one to ten. A visual analogue scale was used to quan- tify pain. Operative specimens were examined for size and magnitude of stone contents as well as presence of bacteria. Follow-up took place after six months with either a consultation or via a mailed questionnaire. Results were compared with those obtained pre-operatively to describe and analyze symptomatic outcome.
RESULTS： SFG groups were categorized as severe （24.2%）, moderate （38.6%）, and mild （22.2%） attack frequency, and a chronic pain condition （15%）. Pain was cured or improved in about 90% of patients and two-thirds of patients obtained complete symptom re- lief. Patients with the most frequent pain episodes were less likely to obtain symptom relief. FGID was present in 88% of patients pre-operatively and in 57% postoperatively （P = 0.244）. Those that became asymptomatic or improved with regard to pain also had most relief from FGID （P = 0.001）. No pre-operative FGID meant almost complete cure.
CONCLUSION： Only one third of patients with FGID experienced postoperative relief, indicating that FGID was a dominant cause of post-cholecystectomy symptoms.
The steadily growing use of license-free frequency bands requires reliable coexistence management for deterministic medium utilization. For interference avoidance, proper wireless interference ...identification (WII) is essential. In this work we propose the first WII approach based upon deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The CNN naively learns its features through self-optimization during an extensive data-driven GPU-based training process. We propose a CNN example which is based upon sensing snapshots with a limited duration of 12.8 μs and an acquisition bandwidth of 10 MHz. The CNN distinguishes between 15 classes. They represent packet transmissions of IEEE 802.11 b/g, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.1 with overlapping frequency channels within the 2.4 GHz ISM band. We show that the CNN outperforms state-of-the-art WII approaches and has a classification accuracy greater than 95 % for signal-to-noise ratio of at least -5 dB.
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