Early observations that the regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, seemed to protect against myocardial infarction and reduce platelet aggregation ...made this substance the most frequently used drug in large clinical trials. The objectives of these studies were to reduce thromboembolic complications in arterial cardiovascular diseases (prevention of myocardial infarction in unstable angina, secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction, and increased patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts) and to reduce platelet deposition on artificial surfaces (artificial heart valves and hemodialysis shunts). Despite the recent synthesis of more selective inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism in blood platelets, and a multitude of questions concerning optimal dose, schedule, and mode of action that still remain open, ASA continues to be the most frequently used drug in arterial vascular disorders. Because of the frequent and potentially serious side effects of aspirin, mainly on the gastrointestinal tract, less toxic ways of inhibiting eicosanoid metabolism in blood platelets are attracting more and more interest. Among these, the alimentary substitution of ω-3 fatty acids for a competitive inhibition of the ω-6-ar-achidonic acid metabolism seems the most promising. Results with fish-oil diet raise the question of whether substitution of polyunsaturated lipid acids influence only platelet metabolism, or whether the action of “antiplatelet” drugs or diet in cardiovascular disorders is mediated primarily by leukocytes or monocytes. This new dietary principle, which possibly corrects only a poor alimentary habit of civilization, could open simple and adequate ways for even a primary prophylaxis of vascular disease by diet alone or, at least for therapeutic aims, in combination with drugs.
This JRC Scientific and Policy Report is a pre-normative document that represents the basis of a new Eurocode on the design of structural glass. It was developed by CEN/TC 250 WG 3 and it presents ...the available background of both the design of glass components related to up-to-date existing national codes as well as the recent scientific knowledge. The report includes a material part, describing the behaviour of glass and the used interlayer materials. Subsequently, the typical properties of glass products and their placement in existing product standards are mentioned. The principles and basic rules for the design of glass components as well as the safety approach are clarified with regard to the particular characteristic of glass – the absent of plasticity. Furthermore there are different types of construction made of glass. They can be separated in secondary and primary structural elements. For secondary structural elements the existing design rules are presented, for primary structural elements the report gives an overview of the actual state of research work. In form of so called “Code reviews” the existing design and product standards are mentioned and they are also explained to some extent, the so-called “Eurocode outlooks” give a perspective on what and how the content of the future Eurocode on Structural Glass should be.
Early observations that the regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, seemed to protect against myocardial infarction and reduce platelet aggregation ...made this substance the most frequently used drug in large clinical trials. The objectives of these studies were to reduce thromboembolic complications in arterial cardiovascular diseases (prevention of myocardial infarction in unstable angina, secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction, and increased patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts) and to reduce platelet deposition on artificial surfaces (artificial heart valves and hemodialysis shunts). Despite the recent synthesis of more selective inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism in blood platelets, and a multitude of questions concerning optimal dose, schedule, and mode of action that still remain open, ASA continues to be the most frequently used drug in arterial vascular disorders. Because of the frequent and potentially serious side effects of aspirin, mainly on the gastrointestinal tract, less toxic ways of inhibiting eicosanoid metabolism in blood platelets are attracting more and more interest. Among these, the alimentary substitution of ω-3 fatty acids for a competitive inhibition of the ω-6-ar-achidonic acid metabolism seems the most promising. Results with fish-oil diet raise the question of whether substitution of polyunsaturated lipid acids influence only platelet metabolism, or whether the action of “antiplatelet” drugs or diet in cardiovascular disorders is mediated primarily by leukocytes or monocytes. This new dietary principle, which possibly corrects only a poor alimentary habit of civilization, could open simple and adequate ways for even a primary prophylaxis of vascular disease by diet alone or, at least for therapeutic aims, in combination with drugs.
One of the most important advances in biology has been our capacity to sequence the DNA
of organisms. However, long after the conclusion of human genome sequencing, there are
still regions of the ...genome that are unworkable; that is, they are difcult to mount and
remain incomplete. Answers may come from second-generation sequencing, which has
produced large volumes of data, generating millions of short reads per run, a reality that
was unimaginable with Sanger sequencing.
Three microsatellite loci were analyzed in ten remnant populations of silvery marmosets (Mico argentatus) in the fragmented landscape of central Amazonia, where surprisingly low levels of genetic ...diversity were observed (Ho = 0.11– 0.39). This pattern does not appear to be a result of habitat fragmentation, but rather of the ecological, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics of the species. Despite this, the results indicate that all the populations – including those resident in continuous forest – are subject to inbreeding and genetic drift. Overall, significant differentiation was found among populations (mean Rst = 0.22, P < 0.001), which indicates that they are no longer part of the same gene pool. However, no correlation was observed between genetic and geographic distances among sites, which suggests that populations of these marmosets are not panmictic, even in large areas of continuous forest. In this case, in addition to inbreeding in small, isolated populations, the original genetic structure, characterized by a Whalund effect, may account for the high frequency of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium found in the populations analyzed. For eventual conservation management, a primary recommendation would be to mitigate the effects of genetic drift by promoting gene flow among populations.
Cross-cutting environmental, social and economic changes may have harsh impacts on sensitive regions. To address sustainability issues by governmental policy measures properly, the geographical ...delineation of sensitive regions is essential. With reference to the European impact assessment guidelines from 2005, sensitive regions were identified by using environmental, social and economic data and by applying cluster analysis, United Nation Environmental Policy priorities and expert knowledge. On a regionalised ‘Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics’ (NUTS) level and for pre-defined sensitive region types (post-industrial zones, mountains, coasts and islands) 31 % of the European area was identified as sensitive. However, the delineation mainly referred to social and economic issues since the regional data bases on environmental indicators are limited and do not allow the separation of medium-term vital classes of sensitive regions. Overall, the sensitive regions showed indicator values differing from the EU- 25 average.
Agiler Ansatz für eine globale Prozessplanung Schneider, Stephan; Bellmann, Artur; Fallböhmer, Markus ...
Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb,
05/2013, Letnik:
108, Številka:
5
Magazine Article
Recenzirano
Kurzfassung
In einer globalen Produktion erfolgt die Prozessplanung zumeist in verteilten Planungsteams. Die hierdurch entstehenden Anforderungen an den Planungsprozess sind eine gesteigerte ...Kommunikation, erhöhte Transparenz, reduzierte Komplexität sowie ein verstärkter Wissenstransfer. Als geeigneten Lösungsansatz stellt dieser Beitrag die neu entwickelte Methodik der Agilen Prozessplanung im Produktentstehungsprozess (APP) vor und beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Erprobung in der betrieblichen Praxis.
Agiler Ansatz für eine globale Prozessplanung Schneider, Stephan; Bellmann, Artur; Fallböhmer, Markus ...
Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb,
05/2013, Letnik:
108, Številka:
5
Magazine Article
Recenzirano
In einer globalen Produktion erfolgt die Prozessplanung zumeist in verteilten Planungsteams. Die hierdurch entstehenden Anforderungen an den Planungsprozess sind eine gesteigerte Kommunikation, ...erhöhte Transparenz, reduzierte Komplexität sowie ein verstärkter Wissenstransfer. Als geeigneten Lösungsansatz stellt dieser Beitrag die neu entwickelte Methodik der Agilen Prozessplanung im Produktentstehungsprozess (APP) vor und beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Erprobung in der betrieblichen Praxis.
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