The lingual tonsillar hyperplasia (LTH) is a rare and dangerous condition of the upper airway because it is one of several risks during intubation which can cause serious complications like cardiac ...arrest, cerebral anoxia, and death. The LTH is rarely detectable during a routine oropharyngeal examination. The lingual tonsil is of particular interest to forensic medicine to assess cases with malpractice in connection with intubation difficulties. Our study looked at how often autopsy specimens had enlarged lingual tonsils and whether any relationship existed between LTH and tonsillectomies. In total, 497 corpses were examined. Only in 16 cases (3.2%), an enlarged lingual tonsil was detected. Of the 16 cases, 10 (62.5%) had normal palatine tonsils; the other 6 cases (37.5%) had no palatine tonsils or were scarred, atrophied, or only remnants remained. Statistically, it was not possible to prove any relationship between enlarged lingual tonsils and tonsillectomies. From the forensic point of view, a description of the lingual tonsil should appear in special cases in autopsy reports. When reviewing malpractice cases, special anatomic features should be described.
Jin Yuelin 金岳霖 (1895–1984) was a leading Republican-era philosopher.¹ Belonging to the first wave of scholars returning from the United States, he was a pioneer in the formation of logic and ...philosophy as academic disciplines in China. He established the Philosophy Department at Tsinghua (Qinghua) University in 1926 and headed it until 1929, when he asked Feng Youlan to succeed him. Jin taught not only Western philosophy but also a course in logic that was compulsory for students—such as Hu Qiaomu 胡喬木—who were pursuing other majors.² He also introduced logical analysis based on Moore and Russell to China.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, discussions arose regarding the appropriate methodology to be applied in the historiography of Chinese philosophy. Were Western categories suitable to ...describe Chinese traditions? More specifically: Coulddao道 be equated with the Western term “philosophy”?² Western-orientated scholars such as Hu Shi 胡適 (1891–1962) and later Feng Youlan 馮友蘭 (1895–1990) made the first efforts at writing a history of Chinese philosophy. Beijing (Peking) University, Qinghua (Tsinghua) University, and later South-Western United University became centers for academic philosophy modeled after institutions in Europe and America. In the 1930s and 1940s, Chongqing and Yan’an established themselves
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