Cell-wall components from the ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita muscaria and Hebeloma crustuliniforme and from the spruce pathogen Heterobasidion annosum elicited a transient release of active oxygen ...species from cultured spruce cells (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Since the detection of active oxygen was suppressed by catalase, H2O2 was assumed to be the prevailing O2 species. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase enhanced the concentration of detectable H2O2 indicating that the superoxide anion was formed before dismutating to H2O2. The elicitors induced the formation of active oxygen in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, elicitors from mycorrhizal fungi had a lower H2O2-inducing activity than equal amounts of cell-wall preparations from the pathogen H. annosum. In Ca2+-depleted medium the production of active oxygen by elicitor-treated spruce cells was suppressed. Additionally, the ionophore A 23187 induced active oxygen formation in a medium with Ca2+ but not in a Ca2+-depleted medium. Furthermore, the protein-kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited the oxidative burst. At a concentration of 34 nM the effect was diminished to 50%. From these results it is suggested that the release of active oxygen species from cultured spruce cells triggered by cell-wall-derived fungal elicitors depends on external Ca2+ and a protein-kinase activity. In these respects the effect shows similarities with the well-studied respiratory burst of mammalian neutrophils.
Background
To date, no published data are available regarding long‐term follow‐up of new generation DES implanted in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) lesions.
Objectives
To assess the long‐term ...clinical outcome of patients receiving the new generation Biolimus A9‐coated drug‐eluting stent (DES) with biodegradable polymer in saphenous vein grafts (SVG).
Methods
Three thousand sixty‐seven patients were included in the NOBORI 2 registry: 71 patients with a total of 117 lesions received at least 1 biolimus A9 DES in SVG lesions and 2,959 patients received percutaneous coronary intervention in other lesions. Clinical follow‐up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months, and annually up to 3 years.
Results
Compared to the non‐CABG group, patients with CABG lesions were older (P < 0.001), had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = 0.004), and presented more often with acute coronary syndrome (P = 0.02). At 3‐year follow‐up, cardiac death occurred in 9.7% versus 2.1% (P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (MI) in 8.3% versus 3.0% (P = 0.02), target lesion failure in 13.9% versus 6.4% (P = 0.03), and major adverse cardiac event in 18.1% versus 8.6% (P = 0.01). No differences were observed in TV‐MI and TLR, nor stent thrombosis (ST) which was generally low in both groups (1.4% vs 0.8%, P = NS).
Conclusion
Albeit 3‐year outcomes were less favorable in the CABG group, the higher cardiac mortality was apparently not driven by ST, target vessel MI, or TLR, but is likely due to advanced disease and age as well as comorbidity. The low TLR rate as well as the absence of late and very late ST suggest that BES are safe and effective for the treatment of CABG lesions. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:425‐433)
Abstract
Background
To date, no published data are available regarding long‐term follow‐up of new generation DES implanted in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) lesions
.
Objectives
To assess the ...long‐term clinical outcome of patients receiving the new generation Biolimus A9‐coated drug‐eluting stent (DES) with biodegradable polymer in saphenous vein grafts (SVG)
.
Methods
Three thousand sixty‐seven patients were included in the NOBORI 2 registry: 71 patients with a total of 117 lesions received at least 1 biolimus A9 DES in SVG lesions and 2,959 patients received percutaneous coronary intervention in other lesions. Clinical follow‐up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months, and annually up to 3 years
.
Results
Compared to the non‐CABG group, patients with CABG lesions were older (P < 0.001), had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = 0.004), and presented more often with acute coronary syndrome (P = 0.02). At 3‐year follow‐up, cardiac death occurred in 9.7% versus 2.1% (P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (MI) in 8.3% versus 3.0% (P = 0.02), target lesion failure in 13.9% versus 6.4% (P = 0.03), and major adverse cardiac event in 18.1% versus 8.6% (P = 0.01). No differences were observed in TV‐MI and TLR, nor stent thrombosis (ST) which was generally low in both groups (1.4% vs 0.8%, P = NS)
.
Conclusion
Albeit 3‐year outcomes were less favorable in the CABG group, the higher cardiac mortality was apparently not driven by ST, target vessel MI, or TLR, but is likely due to advanced disease and age as well as comorbidity. The low TLR rate as well as the absence of late and very late ST suggest that BES are safe and effective for the treatment of CABG lesions
. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:425‐433)
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