The current work analyzes the effects of concentric ballooned catheterization and heat transfer on the hybrid nano blood flow through diseased arterial segment having both stenosis and aneurysm along ...its boundary. A fractional second-grade fluid model is considered which describes the non-Newtonian characteristics of the blood. Governing equations are linearized under mild stenosis and mild aneurysm assumptions. Precise articulations for various important flow characteristics such as heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress, and resistance impedance are attained. Graphical portrayals for the impact of the significant parameters on the flow attributes have been devised. The streamlines of blood flow have been examined as well. The present finding is useful for drug conveyance system and biomedicines.
The improved thermal performance of recently discovered hybridized nanofluids has become essential in large scale thermal processes. In fact, this is highly efficient technique to introduce the ...thermal efficiency of tranditional heat transferring fluids. The behavior of the nanofluid can be significantly impacted by the unsteady heating and magnetic field effects that may be present in many applications. Therefore, the current study investigat the unsteady magnetized flow of hybrid nanofluid with heat transport characteristics subject to thermal radiation and slip at the surface wall. The shrinking/stretching surface is chosen as a flow source, which is frequently occure in polymer technology, which deals with the deformability of elastic sheets, and in metallurgy, where continued strips are cooled. The novel form of shrinking surface flow is fundamentally a reverse flow and exhibits physical characteristics that differ significantly from the channel flow scenario. The distinctive features of this scruinity is the use of empirical relations to approximate the optimum thermophysical attributes of a Cu−Al2O3/ water hybrid nanofluid in order to model the 2-dimensional flow past a flat shrinking/stretching sheet under the action of radiation, Lorentz forces and realastic boundary condition responses. The governing system of modelled equation are assembled using the Tiwari-Das model in conjunction with a hybrid mass-based nanofluid model. The bvp4c algorithm is employed within the computer MATLAB programme. The hybrid nanofluid flow shows conclusive improvement in the frictional coefficient and heat transport performance. However, the effectiveness the unsteadiness parameter deteriorates the heat transmission. In the contiguity of a suction parameter, multiple outcomes appear to arise for both stretched and shrinking instances. The coefficient of energy transport improves as the magnetic factor is augmented, however the skin coefficient of friction exhibits dual behavior for the second solutions. A time-dependence investigation is undertaken to figure out the reliability of the twin solutions, and it is discovered that merely one of them remains stable and aesthetically credible.
This paper disrupts the Euro Americans' environmental colonialist discourse which involves the practices of racist policies that result in the relocation of the Native Americans to a confinement ...called reservation. More specifically, it discusses this relocation which is termed as zoning as a dilemma for the Natives because this practice by the Euro Americans, which is primarily involves their economic agenda, not only restricts the Natives to their reservation and denies life opportunities for them but puts the responsibility of their plight on themselves. A qualitative content analysis, the research explores this idea in Linda Hogan's Mean Spirit in the light of the joint critique of environmental racism and critical discourse analysis. Linguistically, the study applies critical discourse analysis focusing on van Dijk's concept of discourse and manipulation. The analysis reveals that the discursive and cognitive strategies employed by the Euro Americans for the zoning of the Natives help the former rationalize and legitimize their environmental colonial practices. The discursive process first involves the creation of "othering" and then the tactful presentation of this "othering". The study also highlights the counter actions taken by the Natives on the basis of the same or similar strategies as have been employed against them, to resist their zoning.
Balkassar is an important hydrocarbon producing area of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. Two-dimensional seismic reflection data of the area revealed tectonically controlled, distinct episodes of (1) ...normal faulting in the basement followed by (2) reverse faulting in the cover sequence. Himalayan orogeny and associated diapirism of the Precambrian Salt Range Formation have produced many salt-cored anticlines in the Potwar Plateau, and one such salt-cored anticline is present in the Balkassar. This anticline has NE–SW-oriented axis, and both the SE and NW limbs are bounded by reverse faults. The basement normal faults indicate Jurassic rifting and splitting of Pangaea. We interpret reverse faults with dip angles of about 60°–75° in the cover sequence, having both hinterland and foreland vergence. Both NW- and SE-dipping faults are present in contrast to the only southward-directed thrusts of previous models. Duplexes and triangle zones, which are common in the northern part of the Potwar Plateau, are not developed in the Balkassar area due to comparatively less crustal shortening in the area. The present interpretation can help in understanding the complex structures in other parts of the Potwar Plateau for hydrocarbons exploration and also in deformed foreland basins worldwide that display similar characteristics but are considered to be dominated by low-angle thrust tectonics.
This experimental study investigates cardiovascular and muscular endurance among students pursuing a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in the Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education ...(DSS&PE) Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University (MIU) Nerian Sharif, Azad Kashmir. The research, conducted during the initial semester of 2023, faced challenges in assessing upper body muscular endurance, abdominal muscular endurance, and cardiovascular fitness for a total population of 44 students. Adopting L. R. Gay's guidance, a 20% sample (10 students) was selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure representativeness. Three separate tests, namely the Harvard step test for cardiovascular fitness and push-ups and curl-ups from the standardized FITNESGRAM test for upper body and abdominal muscular endurance, respectively, were employed. The tests were standardized with established parameters. Focusing on health-related components from a total of 11 physical fitness elements, the study revealed poor cardiovascular fitness among students, warranting special attention, equipment, and training methods. Upper body endurance, assessed through push-ups, indicated a poor fitness zone, while abdominal muscular endurance was found to be average. Recommendations include increased attention to relevant equipment for enhancing muscular endurance and positive changes in practical classes within the SS&PE department. Additionally, students may improve their muscular endurance through overworking and overloading, fostering stronger muscles and increased endurance.
The current examination hypothetically explores physical characteristics of electro-magneto-hydrodynamics of circulation system under the sight of electroosmotic forces on concentrically catheterized ...diseased arterial segment having both stenosis and aneurysm along its boundaries
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A hybrid fractional second-grade nanofluid model is under consideration. The governing laws are tackled precisely, and closed-form arrangements are gotten for the instances of mild stenosis and aneurysm. Exact articulations for heat transfer, electroosmotic potential, hemodynamic velocity, arterial wall shear stress, and catheter wall shear stress are acquired. Graphical portrayals for the impact of significant parameters on flow characteristics have been devised and talked about. It has been concluded that heat flow and hemodynamic velocity increase for spherical-shaped nanoparticles as compared to the other shapes of nanoparticles. Hemodynamic velocity in the stenotic segment is much lower than that of the aneurysmal segment. Our results show that the flow rate among both abnormal segments of the artery increases in the presence of a catheter and there is more magnitude of the wall shear stress on the catheter wall. Instantaneous streamlines patterns are used to investigate the global conduct of blood. The current study intends to be used in medical regimes for drug delivery and biomedicine.
An integral domain is called {\em Globalized multiplicatively pinched-Dedekind domain \((\)GMPD domain\()\)} if every nonzero non-invertible ideal can be written as \(JP_1\cdots P_k\) with \(J\) ...invertible ideal and \(P_1,...,P_k\) distinct ideals which are maximal among the nonzero non-invertible ideals, cf. \cite{DumII}. The GMPD domains with only finitely many overrings have been recently studied in \cite{SU}. In this paper we find the exact number of quasi-local overrings of GMPD domains that only finitely many overrings. Also we study the effect of quasi-local overrings on the properties of GMPD domains. Moreover, we consider the structure of the partially ordered set of prime ideals (ordered under inclusion) in a GMPD domain.
A sensitive and simple cyclic voltametric method was investigated for the direct electrochemical determination of sulfide using multiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCNTPE). The sulfide ...exhibited a distinct and remarkable direct oxidation peak at about 0.56 V in a solution containing sodium chloride as a suitable supporting electrolyte. The effect of voltametric behavior of sulfide was also studied in various supporting electrolyte. Among this sodium chloride containing solution showed a well-defined oxidation peak current as compared to the other supporting electrolyte. The direct oxidation behavior of sulfide in sodium chloride solution was mainly attributed to the less hindrance effect of the electrolyte anions on the surface of electrode. Under optimized condition the oxidation peak current values were found to increase in a linear way with increasing sulfide concentration in the range from 1 × 10−7 to 3 × 10−5 M (R2 = 0.9985). The detection limit (DL) was calculated to be 4 × 10−8 M for the sulfide concentrations. The developed method showed excellent selectivity towards the voltametric determination of sulfide as compared to other competing ions like Br−, NO3−, F−, PO43−, NO2−, I−, CH3COO− present in the solution. Moreover, the method demonstrated good and reproducible results with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.8% after 40 successive measurements. The method was successfully applied for determination of sulfide in local tap water samples without any matrix effect. Meanwhile to support the voltametric behavior of sulfide, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) level of theory to get deep insight into the electronic properties of MWCNT and adsorbed analytes (sulfide) using Gaussian 09 package. The highest interaction energy and the decrease in energy gap of multiwall carbon nanotube with sulfide (MWCNT-S2-) complex are consistent with the highest sensing behavior of MWCNT towards sulfide ion in experimental results.
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•MWCNTPE selectively detected sulfide in the presence of other common anions.•The high interaction energy of MWCNT-S2- revealed higher stability of this complex.•The Limit of detection was found to be 4 × 10−8 M with standard deviation of 3.8%.
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