In this study, future projections of monthly total precipitation and monthly average temperatures are carried out using 22 global circulation models (GCMs) from phase 6 of the Coupled Model ...Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) of the Mediterranean region. The Multi-Model Ensembles (MME) are created with GCMs that best estimate observed values with the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based statistical downscaling method. The performance of GCMs is evaluated with six different statistical performance criteria. The MMEs are found to be better than used individual GCMs in simulating historical temperature and precipitation in the region. The projections are made for the years 2021–2100 according to the two integrated scenarios of socio-economic development and greenhouse gas emissions (SSP2–4.5, SSP5–8.5). The projections with the MMEs show that decreasing precipitation is calculated as 15% for SSP2–4.5 and 20% for SSP5–8.5. Also, the increase in temperature is found between 1.0 and 2.2 °C and between 1.8 and 3.1 °C for the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5, respectively. In addition, the possible decrease in precipitation in the coastal part of the region is higher than in other regions. On the other hand, possible temperature increases in the region's high altitudes have been determined more than in the coastal areas.
•The future projection of the temperature and precipitation of the Mediterranean region was made with the MME from CMIP6•The decrease in precipitation was found as 15% for SSP2–4.5 and 20% for the SSP5–8.5.•The increase in temperature was calculated between 1.0 and 2.2 °C for the SSP2 4.5 and between 1.8 and 3.1 °C for the SSP5–8.5.•Temperature increases in autumn months were determined higher than in the others.
Corylus avellana L. is one of the most widely grown and traded nuts in the world. There are many types and varieties, and their ingredients are a good source of nutrients in terms of minerals. ...However, depending on their region and soil structure, they may contain a variety of heavy metals and toxic elements. Mineral element composition and potentially toxic element contents of different C. avellana L. varieties (15 samples) collected from the city of Giresun, which is known as the hazelnut capital of Turkey, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave assisted acid digestion. The elemental composition of hazelnuts is in the following ranges mg kg−1; manganese (Mn): 58.9–193, iron (Fe): 44.1–62.2, zinc (Zn): 27.0–53.8, selenium (Se): 0.01–0.12, chromium (Cr): < 0.0004–0.387, copper (Cu): 16.9–25.8, magnesium (Mg): 1132–1327, calcium (Ca): 1264–1899, potassium (K): 5459–6841, sodium (Na): 1.32–7.88, lead (Pb): < 0.001, cadmium (Cd): < 0.001, nickel (Ni): 0.82–2.52 and arsenic (As): 0.003–0.009. These findings were used to calculate recommended dietary allowance (RDA), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) values for hazelnuts. Considering the THQ values, it was determined that hazelnuts are safe for consumption by both genders. According to the carcinogenic risk calculation, all of the hazelnuts examined in this study were categorized as moderately risky in terms of Ni contents, and it was concluded that Ni may be the most important element exceeding the risk limit in hazelnuts in general.
•Corylus avellana L. may be rich in Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mg.•Health risk assessments in hazelnuts for the first time.•High Ni content exhibits a moderate carcinogenic risk for all varieties.•Variety "Tombul" was the safest among the studied hazelnuts.
High amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in non-alcoholic beverages can result in acute or long-term intoxication. Trace amounts of PTEs like arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, and some ...others can accumulate in soft drinks because of environmentally contaminated surface and underground water, food, and fruits that are used in the manufacturing process. These elements can then be ingested through soft beverages and cause adverse health effects. From this point of view, the levels of PTEs in 39 soft beverages (ice coffee, iced tea, and energy drinks) obtained from supermarkets in Istanbul were quantified using a validated ICP-MS assay. Hence, the corresponding levels in the unit of µg/L were as follows: Mn (395.83 ± 431.74) > Fe (327.53 ± 684.65) > Zn (255.55 ± 490.65) > Ni (30.36 ± 21.36) > Cu (25.48 ± 54.38) > Cr (6.57 ± 10.09) > Pb (4.60 ± 1.70) > Cd (3.36 ± 0.79) > Sb (2.60 ± 0.30) > As (1.69 ± 3.34) > Ti (0.73 ± 1.73) > Hg (0.37 ± 0.43). The health risk assessment study was based on estimated daily intake (EDI), target cancer risk (TR), hazard index (HI), and target hazard quotient (THQ), indicating no cancer and non-cancerogenic health risk. Intercorrelation among PTEs and their possible sources was investigated using multivariate and bivariate statistical approaches such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), and principal component analysis (PCA), demonstrating that there can be three different sources of PTEs measured in the samples. Though our results pointed to no possible health risk linked with PTEs from non-alcoholic beverage intake, screening soft drinks in terms of PTE content should be sustained for long-term food security.
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•Potential origins for PTEs in the samples were assessed using multivariate / bivariate statistics.•Some samples exceeded the thresholds for Cd, Ni, Fe, and Mn.•THQ, HI, and CR data showed that PTEs in non-alcoholic beverages were safe.•PTEs in soft drinks should be regulated globally like water quality.
Honeybee pollens are good food sources in terms of their mineral contents and are specific to the regions they are collected. In addition, they may be used as bioindicators in the assessment of ...environmental pollution based on their potentially toxic element contents. In the present study, mineral element composition and potentially toxic element levels of honeybee pollen samples collected from various cities in East Black Sea Region of Turkey (18 samples) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave assisted acid digestion. The method validation was performed by using CRM (Certified Reference Material-BCR®279-Sea Lettuce-
Ulva lactuca
) to evaluate the accuracy and precision. Elemental composition of honeybee pollens were detected within the following ranges (minimum–maximum, mg kg
−1
dry pollen); Mn (manganese): 11.579–117.349, Fe (Iron): 34.865–811.043, Zn (zinc): 17.707–56.223, Se (selenium): 0.422–0.722, Cr (chromium): 0.848–6.949, Cu (copper): 7.510–26.344, Mg (magnesium): 549.921–2149.716, Ca (calcium): 726.575–2201.837, Na (sodium): 36.518–120.283, Pb (lead): < 0.005–0.622, Cd (cadmium): 0.039–1.390, Ni (nickel): 2.317–21.710, and As (arsenic): 1.331–2.248. Recommended daily allowance, target hazard quotients, hazard index, and carcinogenic risk values of the pollens were calculated with the help of these results. In considering THQ values, pollens were determined to be safe for the consumption of both genders. Based on the carcinogenic risk calculation, most of the pollens examined in this study were categorized as moderately risky. Monitoring studies can be used to identify new sources of contamination or the origin and spread of a particular element. Hence, bee pollens can also be considered as potential bioindicators of toxic metal pollution.
Highlights
• Mineral content and potentially toxic metal levels of 18 honeybee pollens were determined.
• Recommended daily allowance (RDA) values were calculated.
• The nutritional aspects of honeybee pollen samples were evaluated.
• Hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) estimation of honeybee pollens were assessed.
• The potentiality of honeybee pollens as a bioindicator for pollution was discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Ahmet Önkal’ın Konya Yüksek İslâm Enstitüsü Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi Öğretim Üyesi olduğu sırada hazırladığı “Rasûlullah’ın İslâm’a Da’vet Metodu” adlı çalışması daha sonraları defalarca yayınlanarak ...okuyucuya ulaşmış bir eseridir. Bu eser Ahmet Hoca’nın akademik hayatına adım atışında önemli bir köşe taşı olmuştur. Bundan sonraki çalışmaları hep bu çizgide devam edip gitmiştir.Bu eserinde hoca, yirmi üç yıla yaklaşan Peygamberlik hayatında, ister gayr-i müslim, ister mü’min olsun bütün insanları daima imana, Kur’ân yoluna davet eden Hz. Peygamberin takip ettiği da’vet metodunu ele almıştır. Öncelikle bilindiği gibi O’nun hayatı, kişiliği, ahlâkı ve her şeyden önce insanlığının anlaşılarak belirlenmesi bakımından takip ettiği İslâm’a da’vet metodunun iyi anlaşılması gerekir. Ardından da O’nu takip eden Müslümanların, her devir ve zamanda, insanları bu yola, yani Kur’ân’ın yoluna da’vet ederken O’nu tanıması ve O’nun da’vet usulünü öğrenmeleri gerekir. İşte Ahmet hocanın bu eseri bu açıdan konusunda önemli bir çalışma olarak kendisinden sonraki araştırma ve incelemelere örnek olmuş ve yol göstermiştir.
Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are rare, but they can cause serious consequences, complicate the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), and hamper the ability of the physician to perform the ...correct intervention for patients with CAD. The widespread use of coronary computed tomography and angiography has shown that the incidence is higher than previously thought. CAAs can occur with various anatomical features. We present three rare examples. The first example involves a circumflex artery (CX) that originates from a different ostium on the right side, despite the presence of left arteries in normal anatomical structures. The second case involves an accessory CX originating from the right coronary artery (RCA) ostium, despite the CX origin being in the left cusp. Finally, the third case involves an accessory left anterior descending artery (LAD) originating from the RCA ostium, despite the LAD origin being in the left cusp. There were no high-risk features in all three cases, and no symptoms were observed during follow-up with the patients. The occurrence of these cases is exceptional and may be overlooked; hence, their identification has significance.
In this study, pollens were collected from 25 different locations of Northern Turkey to investigate pollution monitoring. Surface chemistry of pollen samples was characterized by X-ray photoelectron ...spectroscopy (XPS). Then the concentrations of certain elements (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb) in pollen samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the evaluation of environmental pollution. The levels of elements were detected in the following ranges (minimum–maximum, mg/kg dry pollen): Li (0.18–0.39), Al (24.98–308.04), V (6.18–98.58), Cr (1.05–6.81), Mn (13.85–95.91), Fe (52.20–326.26), Co (0.15–0.34), Ni (1.66–10.79), Cu (8.61–19.01), Zn (20.47–70.02), As (1.22–2.65), Se (0.39–0.67), Cd (0.05–0.74), Ba (0.73–16.30), and Pb (0.00–0.26). It has been concluded that there is a correlation between the pollen samples with high heavy metal concentrations and traffic density as these regions are closer to the road in the northern region. It is exposed to pollution from various sources such as intensified urbanization and tourism activities carried out on land and sea; industrial activities are increasing rapidly due to the opportunities offered by the coastal areas, sea transportation, and agricultural, domestic, and industrial pollution coming from the inner regions through rivers and streams. In this sense, pollens can be used as potential bio-indicators for monitoring heavy metal pollution and gives an idea about how we can use them for future assessing purposes.
Graphical abstract
Abstract
Investigation of phenolic content from different pine bark species grown in Turkey was performed using a reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (RP-HPLC-UV) ...method. All phenolic constituents were separated in <26 min on reversed-phase C18 column with gradient mobile phase that consists of orthophosphoric acid, methanol and acetonitrile. Detections were made on an UV detector at 280 nm and at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Samples were prepared according to Masqueller’s conventional sample preparation method with slight modifications. To avoid the reduction in extraction efficiency the sample preparation step was carried out under argon atmosphere. The linearity of the method was between 0.9994 and 0.9999. The detection limits for the five phenolic constituents ranged from 0122 to 0.324 mg/L. Catechin and taxifolin were found in all pine barks at a concentration of 0.065 ± 0.002–1.454 ± 0.004 and 0.015 ± 0.001–23.164 ± 0.322 mg/g, respectively. Epicatechin was determined in four pine barks between 0.027 ± 0.001 and 0.076 ± 0.002 mg/g, ferulic acid in two pine barks between 0.010 ± 0.001 and 0.022 ± 0.001 mg/g and epicatechin gallate in only one of the pine barks at 0.025 ± 0.001 mg/g. Finally, the total amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the pine barks were found to be very high.
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