In antiferromagnetic spintronics control of the domains and corresponding spin axis orientation is crucial for devices. Here we investigate the antiferromagnetic axis in (111)-oriented LaFeO3/SrTiO3, ...which is coupled to structural twin domains. The structural domains have either the orthorhombic a- or b-axis along the in-plane
⟨
1
1
¯
0
⟩
cubic directions of the substrate, and the corresponding magnetic domains have the antiferromagnetic axis in the sample plane. Six degenerate antiferromagnetic axes are found corresponding to the
⟨
1
1
¯
0
⟩
and
⟨
11
2
¯
⟩
in-plane directions. This is in contrast to the biaxial anisotropy in (001)-oriented films and reflects how crystal orientation can be used to control magnetic anisotropy in antiferromagnets.
Background: Recently, in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) elevated levels of antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (APSA), a subgroup of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) were found. ...Progressive sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) is associated with autoimmune diseases and also the presence of APLA. Methods: To investigate a possible association between NTG and PSHL, 34 patients (age range 31–81 years) with NTG were evaluated for evidence of audiovestibular disorders. Besides ophthalmological standard examinations (slit lamp, IOP, funduscopy, perimetry) scanning laser tomography and polarimetry were performed. From all patients’ audiograms, stapedial thresholds and otoacoustic emissions were obtained. The serological testing of patients and controls (40 healthy blood donors older than 50 years) concerned IgG and IgM levels of antibodies against phosphatidylserine (APSA) and β2 glycoprotein. Results: 23 of 34 NTG patients had hearing loss (PSHL n = 11; presbyacusis n = 12). The NTG patients had significantly higher APSA levels than controls. Elevated APSA concentrations were significantly more frequent in patients with NTG and hearing loss compared with NTG patients with normacusis. Conclusions: These findings show that NTG and hearing loss have a high coincidence. The elevated APSA levels may indicate an association with similar systemic autoimmune processes.
This scientific study of color prints from chiaroscuro woodcuts is of particular interest and has not yet been carried out on Northern European prints. The aim of this work is to analyze the ink and ...paper chemical composition, and to define the sequence of printed layers in order to understand how the artists and their workshop achieved visual effects. The methodology, entirely non-invasive and non-destructive, involves the complementary use of imaging and spectroscopic techniques. Imaging techniques provide microscopic and macroscopic observations of the color prints. Together with infrared false color (IRFC) photography, they allow to make the first assumptions regarding the pigments and dyes used in the inks and their sequence of application. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) in visible range enable to detect presence of paper treatments and to characterize pigments and, in some cases, dyes. The paper demonstrates the great potentiality and ability of the totally non-invasive imaging and spectroscopic techniques and shows, for the first time, the results obtained on Northern European chiaroscuro woodcuts produced during the 16th century.
•Non-invasive first study of materials and techniques related to chiaroscuro woodcuts•Complementarities of the techniques used allowed the detection of the pigments and the dyes involved in the ink recipe•Color inks were produced by the mean of a combination of pigments and/or dyes, the same as contemporary Italian woodcuts•Peculiarity in the conception, delimitation and decomposition of the image by the artist and its workshop revealed
We observe an induced switchable magnetic moment of 1.6±0.40μB/Fe for the nominally antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 extending two to four interface layers into the non–charge transfer system ...La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaFeO3/SrTiO3(111). Simultaneously a mismatch of oxygen octahedra rotations at the interface implies an atomic reconstruction of reduced symmetry at the interface, reaching two to five layers into LaFeO3. Density functional theory of a structure with atomic reconstruction and different correlation strength shows a ferrimagnetic state with a net Fe moment at the interface. Together these results suggest that engineered oxygen octahedra rotations, affecting the local symmetry, affect electron correlations and can be used to promote magnetic properties.
Orexins (OX), also called hypocretins, are bioactive peptides secreted from glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus linking appetite, arousal and neuroendocrine-autonomic control. Here, ...OX-A was found to cause a slow-onset long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission (LTP
OX) in the hippocampus of young adult mice. LTP
OX was induced at Schaffer collateral-CA1 but not mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, and required transient sharp wave-concurrent population field-burst activity generated by the autoassociative CA3 network. Exogenous long θ-frequency stimulation of Schaffer collateral axons erased LTP
OX in intact hippocampal slices but not mini slices devoid of the CA3 region. Pharmacological analysis revealed that LTP
OX requires co-activation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamatergic, GABAergic, as well as noradrenergic and cholinergic receptors. Together these data indicate that OX-A induces a state-dependent metaplasticity in the CA1 region associated with sharp-wave and θ rhythm activity as well as glutamatergic, GABAergic, aminergic, and cholinergic transmission. Thus, orexins not only regulate arousal threshold and body weight but also threshold and weight of synaptic connectivity, providing a molecular prerequisite for homeostatic and behavioral state-dependent control of neuronal plasticity and presumably memory functions.
Purpose: To investigate the primate episcleral vasculature and its innervation with respect to morphological specializations. Methods: Serial sections of the anterior episclera of 8 monkey eyes and ...20 human eyes were investigated enzyme- and immunohistochemically using antibodies against smooth-muscle α -actin (SMA), neurofilament, synaptophysin, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vesicular monoamine transporter II (VMAT II), as well as the NADPH-diaphorase reaction. Arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) were quantified. Results: All episcleral vessels including veins showed intense staining for SMA. Capillary loops were only seen in the limbal arcades, not in the episclera itself. Instead, AVA connected the episcleral arteries with the veins, which formed an interlacing vascular network. In the monkey episclera, 4-6/mm2 AVA were found; in the human episclera, 0.5-1/mm2. Numerous nerve endings staining for NADPHd (NADPHdiaphorase) and TH surrounded all episcleral vessels including anastomoses and veins. NPY, VIP, and VACHT-immunoreactive (IR) nerve terminals were less numerous. CGRP and SP-IR terminals were seen both at the vessels and in the intervascular connective tissue. Conclusions: The episcleral vasculature shows a specialized morphology with absence of capillaries, numerous arteriovenous anastomoses, a muscle-rich venous network, and intense innervation by vasodilative and vasoconstrictive nerves. This might allow regulation of blood flow and volume in the episcleral vessels and Voigt's capillaries for thermoregulation and modulation of episcleral venous pressure and thereby outflow facility.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To implement a computer-based adverse drug reaction monitoring system and compare its results with those of stimulated spontaneous reporting, and to assess the excess lengths of stay and costs of ...patients with verified adverse drug reactions.
A prospective cohort study was used to assess the efficacy of computer-based monitoring, and case-matching was used to assess excess length of stay and costs.
This was a study of all patients admitted to a medical ward of a university hospital in Germany between June and December 1997.
379 patients were included, most of whom had infectious, gastrointestinal or liver diseases, or sleep apnoea syndrome. Patients admitted because of adverse drug reactions were excluded.
All automatically generated laboratory signals and reports were evaluated by a team consisting of a clinical pharmacologist, a clinician and a pharmacist for their likelihood of being an adverse drug reaction. They were classified by severity and causality. For verified adverse drug reactions, control patients with similar primary diagnosis, age, gender and time of admission but without adverse drug reactions were matched to the cases in order to assess the excess length of hospitalisation caused by an adverse drug reaction.
Adverse drug reactions were detected in 12% of patients by the computer-based monitoring system and stimulated spontaneous reporting together (46 adverse reactions in 45 patients) during 1718 treatment days. Computer-based monitoring identified adverse drug reactions in 34 cases, and stimulated spontaneous reporting in 17 cases. Only 5 adverse drug reactions were detected by both methods. The relative sensitivity of computer-based monitoring was 74% (relative specificity 75%), and that of stimulated spontaneous reporting was 37% (relative specificity 98%). All 3 serious adverse drug reactions were detected by computer-based monitoring, but only 2 out of the 3 were detected by stimulated spontaneous reporting. The percentage of automatically generated laboratory signals associated with an adverse drug reaction (positive predictive value) was 13%. The mean excess length of stay was 3.5 days per adverse drug reaction. 48% of adverse reactions were predictable and detected solely by computer-based monitoring. Therefore, the potential for savings on this ward from the introduction of computer-based monitoring can be calculated as EUR56 200/year ($US59 600/year) 1999 values.
Computer monitoring is an effective method for improving the detection of adverse drug reactions in inpatients. The excess length of stay and costs caused by adverse drug reactions are substantial and might be considerably reduced by earlier detection.
In antiferromagnetic spintronics control of the domains and corresponding spin axis orientation is crucial for devices. Here we investigate the antiferromagnetic axis in (111)-oriented LaFeO 3 SrTiO ...3 , which is coupled to structural twin domains. The structural domains have either the orthorhombic a- or b-axis along the in-plane <1$\bar{1}$0> cubic directions of the substrate, and the corresponding magnetic domains have the antiferromagnetic axis in the sample plane. Six degenerate antiferromagnetic axes are found corresponding to the <1$\bar{1}$0> and <11$\bar{2}$> in-plane directions. This is in contrast to the biaxial anisotropy in (001)-oriented films and reflects how crystal orientation can be used to control magnetic anisotropy in antiferromagnets.
The neuropeptide nocistatin (NST) has been implicated in the modulation of nociceptive responses in the spinal cord. Depending on the dose, both pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects have ...repeatedly been reported. The pronociceptive effect is most likely attributable to inhibition of synaptic glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid release and a subsequent reduction in the activation of inhibitory glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, but the mechanisms of its antinociceptive action have hitherto remained elusive. It has recently been demonstrated that synaptically released glycine contributes to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. The authors therefore investigated whether a reduction in glycine release might also account for the antinociceptive action of NST in neuropathic rats.
The authors analyzed the effects of spinally applied NST in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. NST was injected intrathecally from nanomolar to picomolar doses and its effects on thermal paw withdrawal latencies were monitored. Furthermore, we tested whether D-serine (100 microg per rat), a full agonist at the glycine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, would interfere with the effects of NST.
At high doses (10 nmol/rat), intrathecally injected NST was pronociceptive, whereas lower doses (1 pmol/rat) elicited antinociception. The antinociceptive, but not the pronociceptive, action was occluded by intrathecal pretreatment with D-serine. L-serine, which does not bind to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, affected neither the pronociceptive nor the antinociceptive effect.
These results demonstrate that NST produces a biphasic dose-dependent effect on neuropathic pain. The spinal antinociception by NST is most likely attributable to inhibition of glycine-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation.
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