Mammography is the principal breast cancer imaging technique; however, sensitivity is reduced, especially in dense breast tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used in the detection and ...characterization of breast cancers. The high sensitivity (95-100%) of MRI is consistently observed, and in many situations, MRI is proving superior to classical forms of imaging. Assessment of its impact on management and outcome is vital if MRI is to become standard in the management of breast cancers.
To establish the impact of breast MRI on women undergoing testing in our institution.
We analyzed 82 cases that underwent MRI between January 2001 and April 2003. Analysis appraised the clinical impact of MRI testing in cases where medical summaries were available.
Studies were categorized into five indications: a) screening in high risk women (n=7), b) search for primary disease in the presence of disease (n=5), c) monitoring of chemotherapy (n=2), d) postoperative assessment of tumor bed (n=9), and e) diagnostic/characterization of primary or recurrent breast cancer (n=59). Results were defined as negative, positive, or no impact on clinical management. MRI testing had a positive impact in 62 cases, affecting measurable change in 9 cases. Benefit was seen in screening, diagnosis and postoperative cases. In 15 cases, MRI stimulated investigations.
MRI is a valuable tool in breast imaging and affects management. Further trials are necessary to clearly define the role of MRI and to ascertain whether in cases where beneficial impact on management is noted, there is ultimate impact on outcome.
Metastatic testicular cancer can be associated with a variety of complications due to obstruction or invasion of adjacent structures. This is a case study of 2 patients with testicular cancer who ...presented with venous thromboembolism.
The role of radiology in terror injuries Shaham, Dorith; Sella, Tamar; Makori, Arnon ...
The Israel Medical Association journal,
07/2002, Letnik:
4, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Although one might think that nothing could be further apart than "terror" and "medicine," in reality, medicine is intimately involved in the rescuing of those who are injured in terrorist attacks ...and in identifying and determining the cause of death in those who do not survive. Radiology has an important role in the workup of trauma patients in general, and in patients injured during the course of a terrorist attack in particular. Radiologic examinations determine the location and severity of injuries and are used to follow injured patients, particularly when complications occur. Conventional X-rays and CT scans are useful to detect the presence of foreign bodies, such as bullets, shrapnel and nails, which are often combined with the explosive charge in suicide bombings. Both can also be used for postmortem examinations. Although biologic, chemical and radiologic warfare constitute a real threat for the future, it is essential that we be familiar with the more "conventional" forms of terror that we face today.
IntroductionIn the setting of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa), awareness and understanding of clinical findings are essential for accurate imaging interpretation. Accordingly, this text will first ...address the principles of recurrent PCa management. Subsequently, the principles of recurrent PCa evaluation with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and TRUS-guided biopsy will be described. Nuclear medicine methods are reviewed in Chapter 11.Management principles of recurrent prostate cancerGeneral principlesProstate cancer is usually suspected based on the detection of an abnormal serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value (≥4 ng/ml is the most commonly used criterion) and diagnosed by TRUS-guided systematic prostate biopsy 1. With systematic biopsy, one or more cores are obtained from each prostate sextant regardless of TRUS findings 2. Although optional additional cores can be obtained from regions that are abnormal on TRUS or other imaging modalities, image-guided biopsy is currently accepted only as an adjunct to systematic biopsy 2. Biopsy results are used to assign the Gleason grade 3. Digital rectal examination (DRE) findings are used to determine clinical tumor stage; however, due to earlier detection by PSA testing, PCa is now non-palpable in about two-thirds of patients and the clinical stage often underestimates the pathologic tumor stage 4, 5 (Table 12.1).Newly diagnosed PCa is designated as “primary” PCa and its treatment modalities are designated as “primary” treatments.
Background/Aim
Anterior teeth are prone to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Although a number of techniques ranging from original tooth fragment reattachment (TFR) to direct composite restoration ...(DCR) can be used to restore uncomplicated crown fractures, there is no consensus on which method is best. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance of bovine incisors restored by two different techniques (TFR and DCR) in three different fracture models.
Materials and Methods
Sixty extracted bovine lower incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20). Angle, oblique, or transverse sections of all the teeth in a group were prepared by using a disk. The cut surfaces were scanned, and the cross‐sectional areas (CSA) of the enamel and dentin were measured. Half the teeth in each group were restored by DCR (n = 10) and the other half by TFR (n = 10). The forces required to fracture the restored teeth were then measured using a Universal testing machine, and the fracture modes were analyzed (cohesive, adhesive, or mixed).
Results
No statistically significant differences between the TFR and DCR restorations were detected for total and enamel CSAs in any of the restoration shapes (p > .067). The fracture forces required to break DCR angle and transverse restorations were significantly greater than for the corresponding shapes restored with TFR (p < .033). However, the difference in the forces needed to fracture oblique section restorations by DCR or TFR was not statistically significant (p = .239), despite a similar trend (143.4 ± 51 N and 120.9 ± 25 N, respectively).
Conclusion
This study revealed that a greater force is required to fracture teeth restored by the DCR than by the TFR technique, especially for a transverse section. This demonstrates that restoring a fractured tooth provides a superior outcome compared to reattaching the fractured fragment.
The aim of this study was to characterize dental anomalies. The pretreatment records (photographs and radiographs) of 2897 patients (41.4% males and 58.6% females) were utilized to detect dental ...anomalies. The dental anomalies studied were related to number, size and shape, position, and eruption. A Chi-square test was carried out to detect associations between dental anomalies, jaw, and sex. A total of 1041 (36%) of the subjects manifested at least one dental anomaly. The prevalence of all dental anomalies was jaw-dependent and greater in the maxilla, except for submerged and transmigrated teeth. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisor (62.3%) and the mandibular second premolars (60.6%). The most frequent supernumerary teeth were the incisors in the maxilla (97%) and the first premolars in the mandible (43%). Dental anomalies are more frequent in the maxilla and mainly involve the anterior teeth; in the mandible, however, it is the posterior teeth. These differences can be attributed to the evolutionary history of the jaws and their diverse development patterns.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and whethera significant association exists between dental anomalies and consanguinity marriage among Arabic orthodontic ...patients in Israel. Pretreatment panoramic radiographs of 513 patients (38% males and 62% females) were examined to detect dental anomalies related to number, size, shape, and eruption. A chi-square test was carried out to determine the associations between dental anomalies, gender, and consanguinity marriage. The results indicated that 29% of the subjects manifested at least one dental anomaly. Impacted tooth was found to be the most frequent dental anomaly, with a prevalence of 13.5%, whereas fusion and transmigration were found to be the least common, with a prevalence of 0.2% each. The prevalence of dental anomalies was significantly greater in males (p < 0.001) than in females. In our sample a significant association was found between dental anomalies and consanguinity marriage, and it was found to be greater in subjects with a family history of consanguinity marriage. This association can be attributed to the negative effects of consanguinity marriage, which was also reported in many studies in other fields. This study suggests that consanguinity marriage can be one of the factors involved in the development of dental anomalies in certain at-risk populations.
is a well-known plant pathogen responsible for grey mould disease infecting more than 500 plant species. It is listed as the second most important plant pathogen scientifically and economically. Its ...impact is particularly severe in grapes since it affects both the yield of grape berries and the quality of wines. While various methods for detecting
have been investigated, the application of Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) for complete ribosomal operon sequencing, which has proven effective in human and animal fungal research and diagnostics, has not yet been explored in grapevine (
) disease research. In this study, we sequenced complete ribosomal operons (∼5.5 kb amplicons), which encompass the 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S regions, from both pure cultures of
and infected grapevine leaf samples. Minimap2, a sequence alignment tool integrated into the EPI2ME software, served as a taxonomy classifier, utilizing the custom reference database FRODO. The results demonstrate that
was detectable when this pathogen was not the dominant fungal species in leaf samples. Additionally, the method facilitates host DNA-free sequencing and might have a good potential to distinguish other pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species hosted within grapevine's infected leaves, such as
and
The sequences were uploaded to the NCBI database. Long amplicon sequencing method has the capacity to be broadened to other susceptible crops and pathogens, as a valuable tool for early grey rot detection and mycobiome research. Future large-scale studies are needed to overcome challenges, such as comprehensive reference databases for complete fungal ribosomal operons for grape mycobiome studies.
The function of BRCA1/2 proteins is essential for maintaining genomic integrity in all cell types. However, why women who carry deleterious germline mutations in BRCA face an extremely high risk of ...developing breast and ovarian cancers specifically has remained an enigma. We propose that breast-specific epigenetic modifications, which regulate tissue differentiation, could team up with BRCA deficiency and affect tissue susceptibility to cancer. In earlier work, we compared genome-wide methylation profiles of various normal epithelial tissues and identified breast-specific methylated gene promoter regions. Here, we focused on deltaNp73, the truncated isoform of p73, which possesses antiapoptotic and pro-oncogenic functions. We showed that the promoter of deltaNp73 is unmethylated in normal human breast epithelium and methylated in various other normal epithelial tissues and cell types. Accordingly, deltaNp73 was markedly induced by DNA damage in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) but not in other epithelial cell types. Moreover, the induction of deltaNp73 protected HMECs from DNA damage-induced cell death, and this effect was more substantial in HMECs from BRCA1 mutation carriers. Notably, when BRCA1 was knocked down in MCF10A, a non-malignant breast epithelial cell line, both deltaNp73 induction and its protective effect from cell death were augmented upon DNA damage. Interestingly, deltaNp73 induction also resulted in inhibition of BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression following DNA damage. In conclusion, breast-specific induction of deltaNp73 promotes survival of BRCA1-deficient mammary epithelial cells upon DNA damage. This might result in the accumulation of genomic alterations and allow the outgrowth of breast cancers. These findings indicate deltaNp73 as a potential modifier of breast cancer susceptibility in BRCA1 mutation carriers and may stimulate novel strategies of prevention and treatment for these high-risk women.
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