The relationship between pandemics and travel is an essential element in understanding health security and global change. Using cross-country COVID-19 confirmed cumulated cases and deaths data for ...165 countries as of 3rd February 2021, this study investigates the impact of tourism, the experience of SARS and Swine flu, and several other socio-economic variables on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic at the global and regional level. The results reveal that (1) the higher the volume of inbound and outbound tourism, the higher the number of reported COVID-19 cases and deaths at the global as well as at the regional level; (2) the impact of tourism on COVID-19 cases and deaths varies across regions, and; (3) countries that have experience in handling SARS or Swine flu pandemics have been able to reduce COVID-19 cases and deaths significantly, in particular, the countries in the Asia Pacific region.
Inbound tourism from China contributes to around 15% of Australian tourist arrivals. However, the political and trade relations between the two countries began to deteriorate since 2018. Considering ...this environment, using annual data from 1991 to 2019, this study enables the identification of alternative tourism markets for Australia. The results suggest that maintaining price competitiveness and consumer satisfaction should be high priorities of the Australian tourism policy to attract more tourists. The findings of this study provide insights to formulate new strategies to attract tourists from the other top markets in the event of a decline in Chinese tourist arrivals to Australia.
Violence related Australian statistics reveal a higher prevalence of violence among indigenous Australians than non-indigenous Australians. Using the latest National Aboriginal and Torres Strait ...Islander Social Survey (2014/2015) available from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, this study investigates the socio-economic and demographic factors that influence the likelihood of physical violence among indigenous Australians and the effects of physical violence on life satisfaction, with a special focus on gender differences in such effects. The results indicate that while gender is an important determinant of violence victimisation, homelessness, alcohol and substance consumption, a victim of the stolen generation and remote living increase the likelihood of physical violence victimisation. Our results also reveal that, while physical violence negatively affects the life satisfaction of both women and men, exposure to physical violence reduces the life satisfaction of indigenous women more than indigenous men.
In many developing countries, remittance payments from migrant workers are increasingly becoming a significant source of export income. This article investigates the causal link between remittances ...and economic growth in three countries, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, by employing the Granger causality test under a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework (Granger, C.W.J. (1988) Some recent developments in the concept of causality.
Journal of Econometrics
, 39, pp. 199-211). Using time series data over a 25-year period, we found that growth in remittances does lead to economic growth in Bangladesh. In India, there seems to be no causal relationship between growth in remittances and economic growth; but in Sri Lanka, a two-way directional causality is found; namely economic growth influences growth in remittances and vice-versa. The article also discusses a number of policy issues arising from the causality results.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
India's liberalization and deregulation policies during the early 1990s have attracted a huge amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) into India in recent years. India has been ranked as the second ...most favored FDI destination in the world, just behind China. Policy makers in many
countries believe that FDI will lead their country's overall development, including the tourism sector. This article investigates the causal link between FDI and tourist arrivals in India by employing the Granger causality test under a VAR framework. A two-way causality link is found between
FDI and tourist arrivals in India. This explains the rapid growth in the tourism sector as well as FDI in India during the last decade. Our two-way causality results in relation to India are similar to the findings of a number of small island developing states (SIDS).
This paper investigates the causal link between foreign direct investment and tourism in China by employing the Granger causality test under a VAR framework proposed by Zapata and Rambaldi (1997). ...Only a one-directional causality is found from foreign direct investment to tourism. This explains the rapid growth in the tourism market in China during the past decade.
Energy poverty in Sri Lanka Jayasinghe, Maneka; Selvanathan, E.A.; Selvanathan, Saroja
Energy economics,
09/2021, Letnik:
101
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Understanding energy poverty is fundamental to any efforts to alleviate it. This paper, using the latest (2016) Sri Lankan Household Income and Expenditure survey data, examines the incidence, ...intensity, inequality, and determinants of energy poverty in Sri Lanka, by constructing the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI). The MEPI is calculated using a set of seven key indicators representing multiple dimensions of energy and assigning weights by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sri Lankan households, on average, are experiencing a moderate level of energy poverty (with MEPI of 0.431) where the lack of access to modern cooking fuel is the largest contributor to energy poverty. Results of this study revealed notable differences in energy poverty by gender, age, ethnicity, and income group of the head of the household and by sub-national location of the household. Significant differences in inequality in energy poverty were also observed by sub-national location and income. While energy-poor households are not necessarily always income-poor, income and other socio-demographic and geographical factors are strongly associated with energy poverty in Sri Lanka. The findings of this study raise alarms for the possible adverse implications on health and education attainment of the energy-poor. Overall, the results provide valuable policy insights into one of the most neglected dimensions of the post-war development policy agenda in Sri Lanka, in particular, and other developing countries, in general.
•This paper constructs the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index to examine the prevalence of energy poverty in Sri Lanka.•Paper undertakes a decomposition analysis of energy poverty and inequality by socio-demographic characteristics.•Results revealed notable differences in energy-poverty and inequality and that energy-poor are not always income-poor.•The findings raise alarms for the possible adverse implications on health and education attainment of the energy-poor.•Results provide valuable policy insights for addressing energy poverty.
Tourism is an important economic driver and plays a critical role in the economic development of South Asian countries. However, tourism also brings about some inevitable consequences on the ...environmental quality of these countries. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags, Vector Error‐Correction Model and Panel frameworks, we investigate the inter‐relationships between tourism, energy consumption, CO2 emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) in South Asia, using data for the period 1990–2014. We find that, in the long‐run, tourism positively contributes to GDP, CO2 emissions and to the demand for energy; an increase in GDP improves tourism; and an increase in CO2 levels is not a deterrent for tourists to visit South Asia.
This book presents an analysis of consumption patterns in the OECD (rich) and LDC (poor) countries using recent data (1950-1998) and econometric methodology for a number of broadly aggregated ...consumer goods. The income elasticity estimates for the 46 countries and 9 commodity groups are tabulated. The reliability of these elasticity estimates, and also the demand theory hypotheses, are investigated using simulation techniques.
Financial inclusion is recognized as a key factor for promoting social development, inclusive growth, equal opportunity, and human development. Despite the consensus regarding the importance of ...financial inclusion, little is known about its nexus with cross-border banking in an ever-increasing financial globalization. We examine the effect of foreign bank presence on the various dimensions of financial inclusion using panel data for 17 African countries from 2004 to 2018. We find that foreign banks reduce financial inclusion when the degree of foreign bank presence is high. We show that the effect of foreign bank presence on financial inclusion depends on institutional quality, with its impact turning from negative to positive when institutional quality increases to a higher level. The results are robust to different sensitivity analyses. Our results imply that promoting institutional quality is essential to use foreign bank presence as an opportunity for ensuring an inclusive financial system.
•We find nonlinear nexus between financial inclusion and foreign bank presence.•High degree of foreign bank presence reduces multidimensional financial inclusion.•The effect of foreign bank on financial inclusion depends on institutional quality.•The effect of foreign bank presence turns positive at high level of institutional quality.•High and low institutional quality have differential effects on financial inclusion.
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