A sequence of low-energy levels in Ge327846 has been identified with spins and parity of 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+, and 6+. Decays within this band proceed strictly through ΔJ=1 transitions, unlike similar ...sequences in neighboring Ge and Se nuclei. Above the 2+ level, members of this sequence do not decay into the ground-state band. Moreover, the energy staggering of this sequence has the phase that would be expected for a γ-rigid structure. The energies and branching ratios of many of the levels are described well by shell-model calculations. However, the calculated reduced transition probabilities for the ΔJ=2 in-band transitions imply that they should have been observed, in contradiction with the experiment. Within the calculations of Davydov, Filippov, and Rostovsky for rigid-triaxial rotors with γ=30°, there are sequences of higher-spin levels connected by strong ΔJ=1 transitions which decay in the same manner as those observed experimentally, yet are calculated at too high an excitation energy.
Employing the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer and the implantation-decay-decay correlation technique, a weak 0.50(21)% proton decay branch was identified in 108I for the first time. The 108I ...proton-decay width is consistent with a hindered l=2 emission, suggesting a d52 origin. Using the extracted 108I proton-decay Q value of 597(13) keV, and the Qα values of the 108I and 107Te isotopes, a proton-decay Q value of 510(20) keV for 104Sb was deduced. Similarly to the 112,113Cs proton-emitter pair, the Qp(I108) value is lower than that for the less-exotic neighbor 109I, possibly due to enhanced proton-neutron interactions in N≈Z nuclei. In contrast, the present Qp(Sb104) is higher than that of 105Sb, suggesting a weaker interaction energy. For the present Qp(Sb104) value, network calculations with the one-zone X-ray burst model Mazzocchi et al. (2007) 18 predict no significant branching into the Sn-Sb-Te cycle at 103Sn.
Two-phonon wobbling in 135Pr Sensharma, N.; Garg, U.; Zhu, S. ...
Physics letters. B,
05/2019, Letnik:
792, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The second-phonon (nω=2) wobbling band has been established in the nucleus 135Pr. Conclusive evidence for its wobbling nature comes from the ΔI=1, E2 character of the transitions between the new band ...and the previously identified transverse wobbler band (nω=1) in this nucleus. Theoretical calculations in the framework of the quasiparticle triaxial rotor and triaxial projected shell models are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
We report the first observation of the Xe108→Te104→Sn100 α-decay chain. The α emitters, Xe108 Eα=4.4(2) MeV, T1/2=58−23+106 μs and Te104 Eα=4.9(2) MeV, T1/2<18 ns, decaying into doubly magic Sn100 ...were produced using a fusion-evaporation reaction Fe54(Ni58,4n)Xe108, and identified with a recoil mass separator and an implantation-decay correlation technique. This is the first time α radioactivity has been observed to a heavy self-conjugate nucleus. A previous benchmark for study of this fundamental decay mode has been the decay of Po212 into doubly magic Pb208. Enhanced proton-neutron interactions in the N=Z parent nuclei may result in superallowed α decays with reduced α-decay widths significantly greater than that for Po212. From the decay chain, we deduce that the α-reduced width for Xe108 or Te104 is more than a factor of 5 larger than that for Po212.
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally. According to the World Health Organization, 7.4 million people died from ischaemic heart diseases in 2012, constituting ...15% of all deaths. Acute myocardial infarction is caused by blockage of the blood supplied to the heart muscle. Beta‐blockers are often used in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Previous meta‐analyses on the topic have shown conflicting results ranging from harms, neutral effects, to benefits. No previous systematic review using Cochrane methodology has assessed the effects of beta‐blockers for acute myocardial infarction.
Objectives
To assess the benefits and harms of beta‐blockers compared with placebo or no intervention in people with suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction.
Search methods
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded and BIOSIS Citation Index in June 2019. We also searched the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, Turning Research into Practice, Google Scholar, SciSearch, and the reference lists of included trials and previous reviews in August 2019.
Selection criteria
We included all randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of beta‐blockers versus placebo or no intervention in people with suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction. Trials were included irrespective of trial design, setting, blinding, publication status, publication year, language, and reporting of our outcomes.
Data collection and analysis
We followed the Cochrane methodological recommendations. Four review authors independently extracted data. Our primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality, serious adverse events according to the International Conference on Harmonization ‐ Good Clinical Practice (ICH‐GCP), and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of cardiovascular mortality and non‐fatal myocardial infarction during follow‐up). Our secondary outcomes were quality of life, angina, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction during follow‐up. Our primary time point of interest was less than three months after randomisation. We also assessed the outcomes at maximum follow‐up beyond three months. Due to risk of multiplicity, we calculated a 97.5% confidence interval (CI) for the primary outcomes and a 98% CI for the secondary outcomes. We assessed the risks of systematic errors through seven bias domains in accordance to the instructions given in the Cochrane Handbook. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed by GRADE.
Main results
We included 63 trials randomising a total of 85,550 participants (mean age 57.4 years). Only one trial was at low risk of bias. The remaining trials were at high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence according to GRADE ranged from very low to high. Fifty‐six trials commenced beta‐blockers during the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction and seven trials during the subacute phase.
At our primary time point 'less than three months follow‐up', meta‐analysis showed that beta‐blockers versus placebo or no intervention probably reduce the risk of a reinfarction during follow‐up (risk ratio (RR) 0.82, 98% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 to 0.91; 67,562 participants; 18 trials; moderate‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 0.5% and a number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 196 participants. However, we found little or no effect of beta‐blockers when assessing all‐cause mortality (RR 0.94, 97.5% CI 0.90 to 1.00; 80,452 participants; 46 trials/47 comparisons; high‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 0.4% and cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.08; 45,852 participants; 1 trial; moderate‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 0.4%. Regarding angina, it is uncertain whether beta‐blockers have a beneficial or harmful effect (RR 0.70, 98% CI 0.25 to 1.84; 98 participants; 3 trials; very low‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 7.1%. None of the trials specifically assessed nor reported serious adverse events according to ICH‐GCP. Only two trials specifically assessed major adverse cardiovascular events, however, no major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in either trial.
At maximum follow‐up beyond three months, meta‐analyses showed that beta‐blockers versus placebo or no intervention probably reduce the risk of all‐cause mortality (RR 0.93, 97.5% CI 0.86 to 0.99; 25,210 participants; 21 trials/22 comparisons; moderate‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 1.1% and a NNTB of 91 participants, and cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.90, 98% CI 0.83 to 0.98; 22,457 participants; 14 trials/15 comparisons; moderate‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 1.2% and a NNTB of 83 participants. However, it is uncertain whether beta‐blockers have a beneficial or harmful effect when assessing major adverse cardiovascular events (RR 0.81, 97.5% CI 0.40 to 1.66; 475 participants; 4 trials; very low‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 1.7%; reinfarction (RR 0.89, 98% CI 0.75 to 1.08; 6825 participants; 14 trials; low‐quality evidence) with an absolute risk reduction of 0.9%; and angina (RR 0.64, 98% CI 0.18 to 2.0; 844 participants; 2 trials; very low‐quality evidence). None of the trials specifically assessed nor reported serious adverse events according to ICH‐GCP.
None of the trials assessed quality of life.
We identified two ongoing randomised clinical trials investigating the effect of early administration of beta‐blockers after percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolysis to patients with an acute myocardial infarction and one ongoing trial investigating the effect of long‐term beta‐blocker therapy.
Authors' conclusions
Our present review indicates that beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction probably reduce the short‐term risk of a reinfarction and the long‐term risk of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Nevertheless, it is most likely that beta‐blockers have little or no effect on the short‐term risk of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Regarding all remaining outcomes (serious adverse events according to ICH‐GCP, major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of cardiovascular mortality and non‐fatal myocardial infarction during follow‐up), the long‐term risk of a reinfarction during follow‐up, quality of life, and angina), further information is needed to confirm or reject the clinical effects of beta‐blockers on these outcomes for people with or suspected of acute myocardial infarction.
Longitudinal wobbling in 133La Biswas, S.; Palit, R.; Frauendorf, S. ...
European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei,
09/2019, Letnik:
55, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
.
Excited states of
133
La have been investigated to search for the wobbling excitation mode in the low-spin regime. Wobbling bands with
n
ω
=
0
and 1 are identified along with the interconnecting
Δ
...I
=
1
,
E
2 transitions, which are regarded as one of the characteristic features of wobbling motion. An increase in wobbling frequency with spin implies longitudinal wobbling for
133
La, in contrast with the case of transverse wobbling observed in
135
Pr. This is the first observation of a longitudinal wobbling band in nuclei. The experimental observations are accounted for by calculations using the quasiparticle-triaxial-rotor (QTR) model, which attribute the appearance of longitudinal wobbling to the early alignment of a
π
=
+
proton pair.
The High-spin states in 195Tl, populated through the 185,187Re(13C, xn) fusion evaporation reaction at the beam energy of 75 MeV, were studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). More than ...50 new γ transitions have been placed in the proposed level scheme which is extended up to the excitation energy of ≈ 5.6 MeV and spin=22.5ħ. Two pairs of degenerate bands based on two different quasi-particle configurations have been identified in this nucleus indicating the first observation of such bands in an odd-A nucleus in A∼190 region and signify the first evidence of multiple chiral bands in a nucleus in this region. The total Routhian surface calculations predict triaxial shapes for both the configurations and thereby, support the experimental observation. The importance of multiple neutron holes in the i13/2 orbital and the stability of shapes for these two configurations have been discussed.
Highlights ► Increased concentration of endogenous histamine in the median or medial preoptic nuclei results in hyperthermia. ► Diet-induced obese mice displayed much diminished responses to ...histamine agonism in the preoptic nuclei. ► The concentration of H1 receptor transcripts in the preoptic area of obese mice was lower than in control littermates.
.
Excited states in odd-odd
66
Cu were investigated in a reaction between a 136MeV
30
Si beam and a
65
Cu target with the Indian National Gamma Array. Six new transitions have been identified ...including four transitions feeding the 600ns
6
-
isomeric state from an investigation of prompt-prompt and prompt-delayed coincidence events. The results of the present work have extended the level structure of this nucleus up to
I
π
=
(
9
-
)
. In addition, new information on the set of
π
p
3
/
2
ν
g
9
/
2
multiplets in this nucleus have been added. Shell model calculations were performed within the
f
p
g
9
/
2
and
f
5
/
2
p
g
9
/
2
model spaces. The results of shell model calculations using the
f
p
g
9
/
2
model space have been observed to be in better agreement with experimental excitation energies up to the highest spin observed. The results of the present work highlight the necessity of
f
7
/
2
proton holes to describe the positive as well as negative parity states in
66
Cu.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia of the heart with a prevalence of approximately 2% in the western world. Atrial flutter, another arrhythmia, occurs less often with an incidence of ...approximately 200,000 new patients per year in the USA. Patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter have an increased risk of death and morbidities. In the management of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, it is often necessary to use medical interventions to lower the heart rate. Lowering the heart rate may theoretically prevent the development of heart failure and tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy. The evidence on the benefits and harms of digoxin compared with placebo or with other medical interventions is unclear. This protocol for a systematic review aims at identifying the beneficial and harmful effects of digoxin compared with placebo, no intervention, or with other medical interventions for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.
This protocol for a systematic review was conducted following the recommendations of Cochrane and the eight-step assessment procedure suggested by Jakobsen and colleagues. We plan to include all relevant randomised clinical trials comparing digoxin with placebo, no intervention, or with other medical interventions. We plan to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded on Web of Science, and BIOSIS to identify relevant trials. Any eligible trial will be assessed and classified as either at high risk of bias or low risk of bias, and our primary conclusions will be based on trials with low risk of bias. We will perform our meta-analyses of the extracted data using Review Manager 5.3 and Trial Sequential Analysis ver. 0.9.5.5 beta. For both our primary and secondary outcomes, we will create a 'Summary of Findings' table based on GRADE assessments of the quality of the evidence.
The results of this systematic review have the potential to benefit millions of patients worldwide as well as healthcare economy.
PROSPERO CRD42016052935.
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