Coxiella burnetii is a bacterial pathogen that causes Q fever, which is widespread worldwide. Livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep are the main sources of C. burnetii infection. C. burnetii ...infection causes abortion in livestock, resulting in economic damage. Q fever is a zoonotic disease and a potential public health hazard. To date, little is known about C. burnetii infection in livestock in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to screen the genome of C. burnetii bacteria in beef cattle in West Java, Indonesia. Organ tissue samples were collected from cattle slaughtered in slaughterhouses in West Java. C. burnetii genome was detected in cattle samples obtained from three sampling areas using nested PCR, targeting the com1 gene of C. burnetii. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the amplicons showed 99.9% nucleotide identity to the C. burnetii strains: Heizberg, 1843, 2574, 701CbB1, and 14160-001. Our results indicate that C. burnetii infection occurs in Indonesian beef cattle and highlight the risk of exposure to C. burnetii infection in humans.
The dried leaves of Melastoma malabathricum L., locally named Karamunting or Senduduk, is traditionally consumed in many regions in Indonesia as herbal tea to cure different illnesses, including ...diabetes. To date, information on the compounds responsible for their antidiabetic activity is still very rare. The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds of M. malabathricum L. leaves using LC-MS based metabolomics and molecular docking approaches. The leaves brewed with different methods were subjected to LC−MS measurements and several bioactivity tests (in vivo and in vitro antihyperglycemic, and in vitro antioxidant). LC−MS data were linked to the activity data using multivariate data analysis. Molecular docking using alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and insulin receptor as protein targets was used to verify the results and study the interaction between the identified compound and protein targets. As results, isoquercetin and myricitrin were identified as compounds strongly associated with alpha-amylase inhibitors, while rutin and epicatechin were identified as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Quercitrin, citric acid, quercetin, epicatechin, isoquercitrin, and 7-hydroxycoumarine were strongly correlated with both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. The results of metabolomics were confirmed with molecular docking studies, which showed that some of these compounds acted as competitive inhibitors, while others acted as non-competitive ones. Possible synergism between epicatechin and citric acid in their interaction with IR was detected. Metabolomics combined with molecular docking efficiently identified and confirmed several antihyperglycemic and antioxidant compounds from M. malabathricum L., leaf. This study provides scientific evidence for the traditional use of M. malabathricum L. as an antidiabetic herbal.
Ticks are one of the arthropods that play an important role in the transmission of numerous pathogens to livestock and humans. We investigated the presence of tick‐borne bacteria in 23 Amblyomma ...varanense that fed on a water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Indonesia. Anaplasmataceae and borreliae were detected by PCR in 17.4% and 95.7% of ticks, respectively. “Candidatus Rickettsia sepangensis”, spotted fever group of Rickettsia, was detected in 21.7% of ticks. The water monitor is a common reptile that is widely encountered in city areas in Asian countries. Our results suggested that Am. varanense on water monitor in Indonesia harbored several kinds of bacteria.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/erbB2/neu) is a prognostic factor and biomarker for detecting mammary tumor malignancy. Leaves of curry (
) contain alkaloid, flavonoid, and phenolic ...compounds that can be cytotoxic to tumor cells. Caspase-3 is an indicator of apoptosis in tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curry leaf extract on the expression of HER2 and caspase-3 in mammary tumor through immunohistochemical analyses.
Thirty five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: negative control of tumor (P1), positive control of tumor (P2), tumor therapy with methotrexate (P3), and curry leaf extract doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight/BW after tumor formation (P4, P5), and before tumor formation (P6, P7). Thirty rats of six groups were injected subcutaneously into the mammary glands with 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)-anthracene DMBA) twice within 2 weeks for mammary tumor formation. At the end of the treatments, the rats were euthanized, and their mammary glands were analyzed histopathologically and immunohistochemically using HER2 and caspase-3 antibodies.
Regarding the expression of HER2 detected in the epithelial cell membrane of the mammary gland, P2, P3, P4, and P5 revealed positive expression, P6 and P7 showed equivocal expression, while P1 showed negative expression. Regarding caspase-3 expression in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, it was low in P1, moderate in P2, P5, P6, and P7, and high in P3 and P4. These findings suggest that DMBA injection produced mammary tumors with HER2 as a biomarker of mammary tumor, and high caspase-3 expression in P4 was the effect of curry leaves extract.
The extract of curry leaves at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW with preventive and curative effects can potentially be used as an anti-tumor agent, which effectively induces the apoptosis of tumor cells.
During 2016-2018, we conducted surveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in mosquitoes and pigs in Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that ...our isolates (genotypes Ia, Ib, III, IV) were related to JEV isolates obtained from the same regions many years ago. Indigenous JEV strains persist in Asia.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Analog rice is an alternative food that can also be a functional food. Analog rice has the same shape as rice grains, can be made from non-rice flour, and can be consumed like white rice. The purpose ...of this study is to determine the effect as an antidiabetic of the addition of fermented black rice bran (FBB) and non-fermented black rice bran (NFBB) on analog rice based on in vitro assays. This research was conducted in three stages: analog rice was made from the raw materials of sorghum, yellow soybean, black soybean, FBB and NFBB; analysis of the phytochemical characteristics of analog rice; evaluation of DPPH-radical scavenging; and analysis of the inhibitory effects of agents α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Increased phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content were found in analog rice with the addition of FBB. In addition, analog rice with the addition of FBB also had antioxidant activity and higher inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity with a range of 54.50–65.52%, 63.16–65.51% and 60.27–62.09% respectively compared to analog rice with the addition of NFBB. The results of this study indicate that analog rice with the raw materials of sorghum, beans and the addition of FBB has potential as an antidiabetic food.
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in buffaloes and cattle. The disease causes serious problems in Indonesian livestock and is classified as a ...serious transmissible animal disease. Previous research has determined the diversity of P. multocida using a serotyping method based on the antigenic properties of capsule polysaccharides. An alternative method for analysis utilizes sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study aimed to characterize and determine P. multocida diversity in several regions of Indonesia based on phenotypic character, protein profile, and the band pattern of RAPD results. Bacterial identification was performed using traditional biochemical techniques and API® 20NE systems and then confirmed molecularly using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The freeze-thawing technique was performed to obtain the bacterial protein extract, and DNA extraction was executed using DNAzol. The extracted protein and RAPD product were then electrophoresed on 12% polyacrylamide gel and 1.5% agarose gel, respectively. The results indicate that the molecular weight range of the protein bands is 12–209 kDa, and the band pattern of the RAPD results ranged from 307–3,100 bp. Based on phenotypical analysis, P. multocida from South Sulawesi Province exhibited a variety of growth characteristics in MacConkey agar media. Using the hierarchical clustering analysis of the band patterns of RAPD and the whole-cell protein profiles, four and five clusters were formed, respectively. These results indicate molecular diversity among P. multocida from several regions of Indonesia.
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever and belongs to the gamma subdivision of Proteobacteria. Several studies discovered incidences of Q fever in various parts ...of Indonesia, primarily in ruminants. Identification and detection of Q fever in East Java province was reported in 1976. Since then, there has been no report of the presence of this disease in the East Java region. This research aimed to detect the current presence of C. burnetii in ruminants in East Java using samples of the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and heart of 125 cattle and 156 local goats slaughtered in slaughterhouses in East Java province. Detection of C. burnetii was performed by nested PCR method using outer membrane protein (OMP) and 16S rRNA primers, followed by confirmation using the immunohistochemistry method and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that C. burnetii bacteria were only detected in 8 out of 80 (10%) local goat samples from Malang by nested PCR using OMP primer. In comparison, nested PCR with 16SrRNA primer could only detect C. burnetii in 3 out of 8 goat's positive samples. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactivity in the lung, spleen, and kidney. The positive sample of C. burnetii was found only in a small part of Malang local goats but neither in cattle in Malang nor other ruminants in other areas of East Java province. The results of this study strengthen the assumption that Q fever has already been endemic in East Java province.
Daun karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum. L) dalam bentuk teh (Tisane) dipreparasi sebagai minuman merupakan salah satu upaya menangani diabetes oleh masyarakat di Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan dari ...penelitian ini adalah memetakan profil sensori minuman daun karamunting dan atribut sensori yang berpotensi menurunkan tingkat kesukaan dengan metode sensometrik. Teh yang diminati konsumen adalah yang tidak terlalu bitter dan kurang astringency. Metode penyeduhan dapat memberikan persepsi atribut sensori yang berbeda. Profil sensori dan hedonik tisane karamunting (Tikar) dengan berbagai metode penyeduhan dievaluasi menggunakan quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) dan uji hedonik. Perbedaan metode penyeduhan dengan rasio daun kering:air (7:100 atau 3:100 b/v) digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu seduh panas konvensional (PKV7 dan PKV3), seduh dingin (DKV7), seduh panas dengan drip bag (PDB7), dan seduh panas dengan tea bag (PTB3). Tisane komersial dalam tea bag (PTK3) digunakan sebagai pembanding. Pemetaan profil sensori hasil uji QDA pada berbagai metode penyeduhan dianalisis dengan PCA yang dilanjutkan dengan OPLS-DA dan korelasinya dengan hasil uji hedonik dianalisis dengan OPLS. Hasil dari QDA menunjukkan bahwa Tikar memiliki 14 atribut sensori. Metode sensometrik berhasil memetakan Tikar berdasarkan metode penyeduhan, yaitu PKV7 memiliki aktribut sensori harshness, stew dan astringency, sedangkan metode lainnya (DKV7, PKV7, PKV3, PTB3) greenish color, brightness color, serta fruity, dan PTK3 bitter dan smoky. Tingkat kesukaan tikar dengan metode penyeduhan PKV7 berada diantara metode penyeduhan lainnya dengan PTK3. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa atribut sensori bitter lebih menurunkan tingkat kesukaan dibandingkan astringency. Metode penyeduhan dapat memberikan atribut sensori yang berbeda, sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif sebagai strategi meningkatkan kesukaan.
Collagen is a type of protein that is plentiful and has a wide variety of applications. Collagen is often derived from porcine and bovine, however, both sources are considered to transmit disease, ...particularly porcine sources, which haram to Moslem. There are some methods for collagen extraction, on of them using acid method. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best method of extraction and analyze collagen from alternative sources, specifically salmon skin, which is abundant. This study included two stages, i.e. pretreatment with sodium hydroxide for eliminating non-collagen proteins prior from salmon skin and extraction with acetic acid for collagen extraction. Pretreatment was carried out utilizing a split-plot design with parameters for determining the levels of non-collagen protein. The extraction step used a factorial completely randomized design to observe yields, amino acids, functional groups, and molecular weights. The results indicated that the extract was collagen. It was indicated by high glycine, alanine, and proline amino acid content. The result of SDS-PAGE showed the extracted was type I collagen was characterized by two identical 1 chains and one similar, but 2 different chains. The propeptides of type I procollagen have a similar composition. The most effective method for eliminating non-collagen proteins prior to extracting collagen from salmon skin was pretreatment with a 0.05 M NaOH solution for 10 hours. Collagen extraction using acetic acid at concentration of 0.5 M for 48 hours resulted in a yield of 12.79%.
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