The CMS pixel detector for the high luminosity LHC Sguazzoni, Giacomo
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2020, Letnik:
958
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to collide protons at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and to reach the unprecedented peak instantaneous luminosity of ...5−7.5×1034 cm−2s−1 with an average number of pile-up events of 140–200. This will allow the ATLAS and CMS experiments to each collect integrated luminosities up to 3000−4500 fb−1 during the project lifetime. To cope with this extreme scenario the CMS detector will be substantially upgraded before starting the HL-LHC, a plan known as CMS Phase-2 upgrade. The entire silicon pixel detector will be replaced and the new detector will feature increased radiation hardness, higher granularity and capability to handle higher data rate and longer trigger latency. We present the plans and status of the upgrade pixel detector, focusing on the features of the detector layout and on the development of new pixel devices.
Upgrades of the CMS Outer Tracker for HL-LHC Sguazzoni, Giacomo
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2017, Letnik:
845
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHC machine is planning an upgrade program which will smoothly bring the luminosity to about 5×1034cm−2s−1 around 2028, to possibly reach an integrated luminosity of 3000fb−1 in the following ...decade. This High Luminosity LHC scenario, HL-LHC, will require a preparation program of the LHC detectors known as Phase-2 upgrade. The current CMS Outer Tracker, already running close to its design limits, will not be able to survive HL-LHC radiation conditions and CMS will need a completely new device, in order to fully exploit the highly demanding operating conditions and the delivered luminosity. The new Tracker should have also L1 trigger capabilities. To achieve such goals, R&D activities are ongoing to explore options and develop solutions that would allow including tracking information at Level-1. The design choices for the CMS Outer Tracker upgrades are discussed along with some highlights of the R&D activities.
The CMS tracker is the largest silicon detector ever built, covering 200 square meters and providing an average of 14 high-precision measurements per track. Tracking is essential for the ...reconstruction of objects like jets, muons, electrons and tau leptons starting from the raw data from the silicon pixel and strip detectors. Track reconstruction is widely used also at trigger level as it improves objects tagging and resolution. The CMS tracking code is organized in several levels, known as 'iterative steps', each optimized to reconstruct a class of particle trajectories, as the ones of particles originating from the primary vertex or displaced tracks from particles resulting from secondary vertices. Each iterative step consists of seeding, pattern recognition and fitting by a Kalman filter, and a final filtering and cleaning. Each subsequent step works on hits not yet associated to a reconstructed particle trajectory. The CMS tracking code is continuously evolving to make the reconstruction computing load compatible with the increasing instantaneous luminosity of LHC, resulting in a large number of primary vertices and tracks per bunch crossing. This is achieved by optimizing the iterative steps and by using new software techniques. Tracking algorithms used in CMS are described; physics and computing performances are discussed with respect to Run I and Run II physics program and within CMS future upgrades.
The CMS tracking code is organized in several levels, known as ‘iterative steps’, each optimized to reconstruct a class of particle trajectories, as the ones of particles originating from the primary ...vertex or displaced tracks from particles resulting from secondary vertices. Each iterative step consists of seeding, pattern recognition and fitting by a Kalman filter, and a final filtering and cleaning. Each subsequent step works on hits not yet associated to a reconstructed particle trajectory. The CMS tracking code underwent a major upgrade deployed in two phases. It was needed to make the reconstruction computing load compatible with the increasing instantaneous luminosity of LHC, resulting in a large number of primary vertices and tracks per bunch crossing. The improvements are described. Among the others, the iterative steps have been reorganized and optimized and an iterative step specialized for the reconstruction of photon conversion has been added. The overall impact on reconstruction performances is discussed and the prospects for future applications are given.
CMS inner tracker detector modules Sguazzoni, Giacomo
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2005, Letnik:
552, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The production of silicon detector modules that will instrument the CMS Inner Tracker has nowadays reached 1300 units out of the approximately 3700 needed in total, with an overall yield close to ...96%. A description of the module design, the assembly procedures and the qualification tests is given. The results of the quality assurance are presented and the experience gained is discussed.
The LHC machine is planning an upgrade program which will smoothly bring the luminosity to about 5 − 7.5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1 in 2028, to possibly reach an integrated luminosity of 3000 − 4500fb −1 by ...the end of 2039. This High Luminosity LHC scenario, HL-LHC, will require an upgrade program of the LHC detectors known as Phase-2 upgrade. The current CMS Outer Tracker 1, already running beyond design specifications, and CMS Phase-1 Pixel Detector 2 will not be able to survive HL-LHC radiation conditions and CMS will need completely new devices, in order to fully exploit the highly demanding conditions and the delivered luminosity. The new Outer Tracker should have also trigger capabilities. To achieve such goals, R&D activities have explored options for both the Outer Tracker and for the Inner Tracker. The solutions developed will allow to include tracking information in the first level trigger stage. The design choices for the Tracker upgrades are discussed along with some highlights on technological approaches and R&D activities.
As the start up date for LHC approaches, the detectors are readying for data taking. Here a review will be given on the construction phase with insights into the various difficulties encountered ...during the process. An overview will also be given of the commissioning strategy and results obtained so far. The CMS tracker is the largest silicon microstrip detector ever built. Consisting of three main subsystems, Inner Barrel and Disks, Outer Barrel and End Caps, it is 5.4m long and is 2.4m in diameter. Total detector surface is an unprecedented 200m^2 with more than 15000 detector modules. The various integration procedures and quality checks implemented are briefly reviewed. Finally an overview is given of checkout procedures performed at CERN, after the final underground installation of the detector.
The CMS Silicon strip tracker is a very large scale tracker entirely based on Silicon strip detector technology. It is build up of
∼
15
k
Silicon strip modules for a total of
∼
9
M
analogue readout ...channels with an overall active silicon area of
∼
200
m
2
, to be operated at
−
10
°
C
and able to survive for 10 years to the LHC radiation environment. The integration of modules, electronics, mechanics and services has been completed within the last two years; large standalone sub-structures (shells, disks, rods and petals depending on the tracker subdetector) have been first integrated and verified; then they have been brought together into the final configuration. The CMS silicon tracker design and its construction is reviewed with particular emphasis on the procedures and quality checks deployed to successfully assembly several modules and all ancillary components into these large sub-structures. An overview of the results and the lesson learned from the tracker integration are given, also in terms of failure and damage rates.
The CMS Silicon Strip tracker is a very large scale tracker entirely based on silicon strip detectors technology. The integration of modules, electronics, mechanics and services has been completed ...within the last eighteen months; first large standalone sub-structures (shells, disks, rods, petals depending on the tracker subdetector) have been integrated and verified; then they have been brought together into the final configuration. The CMS silicon tracker design and its construction is reviewed with particular emphasis on the procedures and quality checks deployed to successfully assembly several silicon strip modules and all ancillary components into these large sub-structures. An overview of the results and the lesson learned from the tracker integration are given, also in terms of failure and damage rates.
Acta Phys.Slov. 55 (2005) 93-102 Extensive searches for Higgs bosons and other new phenomena predicted by
extensions of the Standard Model have been performed at LEP. A summary is given
reviewing the ...principal aspects and presenting a selection of results.
PDF
