The acquisition of clean drinking water in regions with limited power sources has been a challenge of paramount concern. Solar stills have emerged as a popular and sustainable option for obtaining ...clean water in such regions. This process involves employing solar radiation to heat up water, which is then condensed to obtain potable water. The present study introduces a solar still system that is both cost-effective and energy-efficient, while simultaneously ensuring sustainability. Fabric-coated polyurethane rollers with capillary action enhance evaporation area, leading to notable performance improvements. Water vapour condensed on the cooling chamber's inclined aluminium plate and collected in the distillate chamber within the solar still. The thermal, energetic, and economic performance and productivity of the proposed model were evaluated. The fabricated solar still boasted maximum instantaneous system efficiency and exergy efficiency of approximately 62.16% and 7.67%, respectively. This system's cost-effectiveness and performance improvements are particularly noteworthy. The daily average distillate productivity of the proposed still was estimated at 1.14 L/m
, resulting in an annual production rate of 416.54 L/year. The estimated cost of producing 1 L of distillate was 0.023 $.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China, and was later reported to have spread throughout the world to create a global pandemic. As of August 18th, 2020, ...the coronavirus had spread to more than 216 countries with at least 21,756,357 confirmed cases, resulting in 771,635 deaths globally. Several countries declared this pandemic as a national emergency, forcing millions of people to go into lockdown. This unexpected imposed social isolation has caused enormous disruption of daily routines for the global community, especially children. Among the measures intended to reduce the spread of the virus, most schools closed, canceled classes, and moved it to home-based or online learning to encourage and adhere to social distancing guidelines. Education and learnings of 67.6% of students are impacted globally due to coronavirus in 143 countries. The transition away from physical classes has significantly disrupted the lives of students and their families, posing a potential risk to the mental well-being of children. An abrupt change in the learning environment and limited social interactions and activities posed an unusual situation for children's developing brains. It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Countries across the globe, including the United States, are in the dilemma of determining appropriate strategies for children to minimize the psychological impact of coronavirus. The design of this review is to investigate and identify the risk factors to mental health and propose possible solutions to avoid the detrimental consequence of this crisis on the psychology of our future adult generations.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China, and was later reported to have spread throughout the world to create a global pandemic. As of August 18th, 2020, the coronavirus had spread to more than 216 countries with at least 21,756,357 confirmed cases, resulting in 771,635 deaths globally. Several countries declared this pandemic as a national emergency, forcing millions of people to go into lockdown. This unexpected imposed social isolation has caused enormous disruption of daily routines for the global community, especially children. Among the measures intended to reduce the spread of the virus, most schools closed, canceled classes, and moved it to home-based or online learning to encourage and adhere to social distancing guidelines. Education and learnings of 67.6% of students are impacted globally due to coronavirus in 143 countries. The transition away from physical classes has significantly disrupted the lives of students and their families, posing a potential risk to the mental well-being of children. An abrupt change in the learning environment and limited social interactions and activities posed an unusual situation for children's developing brains. It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Countries across the globe, including the United States, are in the dilemma of determining appropriate strategies for children to minimize the psychological impact of coronavirus. The design of this review is to investigate and identify the risk factors to mental health and propose possible solutions to avoid the detrimental consequence of this crisis on the psychology of our future adult generations.
The ABCs of trauma resuscitation begin with the airway evaluation, and effective airway management is imperative in the care of a patient with critical injury. The Eastern Association for the Surgery ...of Trauma Practice Management Guidelines committee aimed to update the guidelines for emergency tracheal intubation (ETI) published in 2002. These guidelines were made to assist clinicians with decisions regarding airway management for patients immediately following traumatic injury. The goals of the work group were to develop evidence-based guidelines to (1) characterize patients in need of ETI and (2) delineate the most appropriate procedure for patients undergoing ETI.
A search of the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health MEDLINE database was performed using PubMed (www.pubmed.gov).
The search retrieved English-language articles published from 2000 to 2012 involving patients who had sustained blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, or heat-related injury and had developed respiratory system insufficiency or required ETI in the immediate period after injury (first 2 hours after injury). Sixty-nine articles were used to construct this set of practice management guidelines.
The data supported the formation of six Level 1 recommendations, four Level 2 recommendations, and two Level 3 recommendations. In summary, the decision to intubate a patient following traumatic injury is based on multiple factors, including the need for oxygenation and ventilation, the extent and mechanism of injury, predicted operative need, or progression of disease. Rapid sequence intubation with direct laryngoscopy continues to be the recommended method for ETI, although the use of airway adjuncts such as blind insertion supraglottic devices and video laryngoscopy may be useful in facilitating successful ETI and may be preferred in certain patient populations. There is no pharmacologic induction agent of choice for ETI; however, succinylcholine is the neuromuscular blockade agent recommended for rapid sequence intubation.
Background The purpose of this study was to review the management of lower extremity arterial injuries to determine incidence, assess the current management strategy, and evaluate hospital outcome. ...Methods This was a retrospective review, including trauma database query, and medical records review set in an urban level I trauma center. Sixty-five patients with 75 lower extremity arterial injuries were admitted between April 2005 and April 2010. The interventions were primary amputation, medical management, vascular surgical intervention, and subsequent amputation. The main outcome measures were age, gender, race, mechanism of injury, type of injury, associated lower extremity injuries, concomitant injuries, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale, surgical procedures and interventions, limb salvage rate, mortality, length of stay, and discharge disposition. Results During a 5-year period, 65 patients with 75 lower extremity arterial injuries were admitted to the hospital, yielding an incidence of 0.39% among trauma admissions. The study population was comprised primarily of young men, with a mean Injury Severity Score of 15.2 and a mean Abbreviated Injury Scale of 2.7 (moderate to severe injuries). The majority of patients (78.4%) suffered concomitant lower extremity injuries, most frequently bony or venous injuries, whereas 35.4% experienced associated injuries to other body regions. The most common injury mechanism was a gunshot wound (46.7%). Arterial injuries were categorized into 42 penetrating (56.0%) and 33 blunt mechanisms (44.0%). Involved arterial distribution was as follows: 4 common femoral (5.3%), 4 profunda femoris (5.3%), 24 superficial femoral (32.0%), 16 popliteal (21.3%), and 27 tibial (36.0%) arteries. The types of arterial injuries were as follows: 28 occlusion (37.3%), 23 transection (30.7%), 16 laceration (21.3%), and 8 dissection (10.7%). Orthopedic surgeons performed amputations as primary procedures in 3 patients (4.6%). The majority (76.8%) of injuries receiving vascular management underwent surgical intervention, with procedure distribution as follows: 26 bypass (49.1%); 13 primary repair (24.5%); 7 ligation (13.2%); 4 endovascular (7.5%); and 3 isolated thrombectomy (5.7%) procedures. Concomitant venous repair and fasciotomy were performed in 22.4% and 38.2% of cases, respectively. Medication was the primary strategy for 16 arterial injuries (23.2%). Subsequent major amputation was required for 3 patients (4.8%) who initially received vascular management. Three patients (4.6%) died during hospitalization. Conclusion The current multidisciplinary team management approach, including use of computed tomographic or conventional angiography and prompt surgical management, resulted in successful outcomes after lower extremity arterial injuries and will continue to be utilized.
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multi-purpose perennial plant belonging to family Moringaceae. Traditionally, it has been used to cure diabetes, anaemia, asthma, typhoid fever, arthritis, malaria and skin ...disease. M. oleifera is rich in various phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, carotenoids, isothiocyanates, polyphenol, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and glucosinolates. All parts of M. oleifera including seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, stem, pods have traditional medicinal value. Various extracts, fractions and phytoconstituents isolated from various parts of M. oleifera have been studied at molecular level for treatment of various pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and wound healing and atopic dermatitis. These reports indicate that phytoconstituents present in plant parts are responsible for regulation of various biological functions via modulation of various molecular targets. It is used as food fortificant since it isa good source of dietary anti-oxidants; has high content of b-carotene, ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol, iron calcium, iron and potassium and protein content. The purpose of present review is to discuss effect of M. oleifera on various molecular targets such as various cytokines, NF-κB, Nrf-2, HO-1, iNOS, PPAR, COX, MAPK, JNK, ERK, Bax, Caspase 3 and 9, Bcl-2 and understand its role in management of various diseases.
Abbreviation: MO- Moringa oleifera, TNF- Tumour Necrosis Factor, BSS- β-sitosterol, IL- Interleukin, LPS- lipopolysaccharide, MSE- Moringa oleifera seed extract, MC- Moringa oleifera concentrate, MIC- Moringa isothiocyanates, VHFD- very high fat diet, DNCB- 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, AD- Atopic dermatitis, NF-κB- Nuclear Factor kappa beta, ARE- antioxidant response element, HO- Haem Oxygenase, Nrf- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, RBITC- 4- (α-L-Rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate, COX- cyclooxygenase, Bcl2-B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-xL- B-cell lymphoma-extra large, EAC- Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, DEN- Diethyl nitrosamine, VEGF- vascular endothelial growth factor, iNOS- inducible nitric oxide synthase, CP- cyclophosphamide, PPAR- Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptors, PARP- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, MAPK- Mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK- Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, JNK- c-Jun N-terminal kinase, UC- ulcerative colitis, SCI- spinal cord injury, WKY- Wistar Kyoto rats, DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid, ASC- adipose stem cells, MOLEE- Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract, TLR4- Toll-like receptor 4, PGE2- Prostaglandin E
2
, PIK3- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Early detection of diseases such as COVID-19 could be a critical tool in reducing disease transmission by helping individuals recognize when they should self-isolate, seek testing, and obtain early ...medical intervention. Consumer wearable devices that continuously measure physiological metrics hold promise as tools for early illness detection. We gathered daily questionnaire data and physiological data using a consumer wearable (Oura Ring) from 63,153 participants, of whom 704 self-reported possible COVID-19 disease. We selected 73 of these 704 participants with reliable confirmation of COVID-19 by PCR testing and high-quality physiological data for algorithm training to identify onset of COVID-19 using machine learning classification. The algorithm identified COVID-19 an average of 2.75 days before participants sought diagnostic testing with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 63%. The receiving operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.819 (95% CI 0.809, 0.830). Including continuous temperature yielded an AUC 4.9% higher than without this feature. For further validation, we obtained SARS CoV-2 antibody in a subset of participants and identified 10 additional participants who self-reported COVID-19 disease with antibody confirmation. The algorithm had an overall ROC AUC of 0.819 (95% CI 0.809, 0.830), with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80% in these additional participants. Finally, we observed substantial variation in accuracy based on age and biological sex. Findings highlight the importance of including temperature assessment, using continuous physiological features for alignment, and including diverse populations in algorithm development to optimize accuracy in COVID-19 detection from wearables.
This work provides new insights for the liquid-phase decomposition of bis(triaminoguanidinium) azotetrazolate (TAGzT). The liquid-phase decomposition process was investigated using a combined ...experimental and computational approach. Sub-milligram samples of TAGzT were heated at rates of about 2000 K s
−1
to a set temperature (230 to 260 °C) where liquid-phase decomposition occurred under isothermal conditions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS) were used to acquire transmittance spectra and mass spectra of the evolved gas-phase species from the rapid thermolysis, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy was also used to acquire the transmittance spectra of the condensate and residue formed from the decomposition. N
2
, NH
3
, HCN, N
2
H
4
, triaminoguanidine and 3-azido-1,2,4-triazol-4-ide anion were identified as products of liquid-phase decomposition. Quantum chemical calculations were used for confirming the identity of the species observed in experiments and for identifying elementary chemical reactions that formed these species. Based on the calculated free energy barriers of these elementary reactions, important reaction pathways were identified for the formation of each of the product species.
This work provides new insights for the liquid-phase decomposition of bis(triaminoguanidinium) azotetrazolate (TAGzT).
An infection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 converted rapidly into pandemic by March 11, 2020. To date, the number of confirmed cases and ...deaths has risen exponentially in more than 200 countries, with an estimated crude mortality ratio of at least over 2%. The unpreparedness to tackle the unprecedented situation of coronavirus has contributed to the rising number of cases, which has generated an immense sense of fear and anxiety amongst the public. It has further resulted in the inadequacy and unavailability of essential medical supplies, physicians, and healthcare workers (HCW). Although the chief focus is on minimizing transmission through prevention, combating infection, and saving lives by ramping up the development of treatment and vaccines, very little attention is on the critical issue of physician burnout, resident burnout, and the psychological well-being of HCW. Until now, no significant steps have been taken by the authorities to minimize the COVID-19 specific contributing factors for burnout. The COVID-19 has posed strain on the entire healthcare system already, and it is vital to remediate the issue of physician and resident burnout urgently with concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential short-term and long-term adverse implications.
Background
Stercoral colitis (SC) is a rare but potentially life-threatening inflammatory colitis caused by the accumulation of impacted fecal material. Despite reported associations with bowel ...perforation and high mortality rates, stercoral colitis remains a poorly defined and underrecognized diagnosis in the emergency department (ED).
Objective of the review
This review aims to summarize and synthesize existing literature on SC to guide its recognition and management in the ED.
Discussion
SC primarily occurs in elderly or bedbound patients with chronic constipation; however, it does occur in younger patients with comorbidities at increased risk for fecal impaction. Patients may present acutely with abdominal pain and distension, but clinical presentation is often nonspecific and varied, and there are no established diagnostic criteria for SC to date. CT is therefore crucial for diagnosis, revealing key findings such as fecaloma, colonic dilatation, and fat stranding. Treatment depends on severity of illness, ranging from manual disimpaction and other conservative measures for most cases, to surgical intervention for complicated cases, such as stercoral perforation.
Conclusions
SC can be a challenging diagnosis in the ED, often requiring multidisciplinary collaboration. Timely recognition and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Further research is needed to establish diagnostic criteria and clear management algorithms.
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