India has seen some of the most damaging social and environmental effects of air pollution in recent times. It has also committed at the COP 21 in Paris to help reduce global warming. Following this ...voluntary agreement, India plans to increase the share of electric vehicles to 30% of total vehicles sold by 2030 to reduce air pollution. This paper studies the major financial incentives and policy measures undertaken since 2015 as part of the EV policy and views it through the lens of the Environmental Policy Framework, which considers five major types of instruments: Regulations and Standards, Green Taxes, Incentives, and Subsidies, Carbon Credits and Voluntary Negotiations. Another instrument called ‘Information Dissemination Measures’ is added to this framework to help evaluate the current EV policy. We find that while there are good financial incentives, to begin with, charging infrastructure and research in battery technology needs to be increased in India. There is also an urgent need to improve communication and awareness about EVs and their role in the reduction of pollution to help overcome the hesitancy in adopting this new technology.
Comparative analysis can provide important insights into complex biological systems. As demonstrated in the accompanying paper,
translating
ribosome
affinity
purification (TRAP) permits comprehensive ...studies of translated mRNAs in genetically defined cell populations after physiological perturbations. To establish the generality of this approach, we present translational profiles for 24 CNS cell populations and identify known cell-specific and enriched transcripts for each population. We report thousands of cell-specific mRNAs that were not detected in whole-tissue microarray studies and provide examples that demonstrate the benefits deriving from comparative analysis. To provide a foundation for further biological and in silico studies, we provide a resource of 16 transgenic mouse lines, their corresponding anatomic characterization, and translational profiles for cell types from a variety of central nervous system structures. This resource will enable a wide spectrum of molecular and mechanistic studies of both well-known and previously uncharacterized neural cell populations.
Placenta accreta (PA) encompasses various types of abnormal placentation in which chorionic villi attach directly to or invade the myometrium. PA is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and ...mortality and is now the most common reason for emergent postpartum hysterectomy. Its prevalence has risen tenfold in the United States over the past 50 years, primarily due to the increasing percentage of pregnant patients undergoing primary and repeat cesarean sections. Placenta previa and previous cesarean section are the two most important known risk factors for PA. Accurate prenatal identification of affected pregnancies allows optimal obstetric management. Ultrasonography (US) remains the diagnostic standard, and routine US examination at 18-20 weeks gestation affords an ideal opportunity to screen for the disorder. Placental lacunae and abnormal color Doppler imaging patterns are the most helpful US markers for PA. In recent years, there has been increased interest in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the evaluation of PA, since it can provide information on depth of invasion and more clearly depict posterior placentas. The most reliable MR imaging findings are uterine bulging, heterogeneous placenta, and placental bands. Focal interruptions in the hypointense myometrial border may also be helpful. PA is a clinical and diagnostic challenge that is being encountered with increasing frequency. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical issues, risk factors, and imaging findings associated with PA to facilitate optimal case management.
A customer purchases services from a supplier to which VAT at the applicable rate is added but VAT was not actually due. Is the customer able to recover these payments by bringing an unjust ...enrichment claim against the Revenue and Customs Commissioners? “Yes”, answered the Court of Appeal, on the basis that as a matter of “economic reality” the Commissioners were enriched at the expense of the customers, and that such an enrichment was unjust because VAT was not actually due. Lord Reed, giving the unanimous judgment of the Supreme Court, reversed that decision: Investment Trust Companies (In Liquidation) v Revenue and Customs Commissioners 2017 UKSC 29; 2017 2 W.L.R. 1200. The customers did not have an unjust enrichment claim against the Commissioners because their enrichment was not “at the expense of” the customers.
Purpose: To examine postoperative outcomes of internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) versus flap (ILMF) in the closure of full-thickness macular holes. Methods: Retrospective chart review of ...patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade with ILMP or ILMF to close full-thickness macular hole at the Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist from January 2012 to October 2022 with at least 3 months follow-up. Main outcome measures were type 1 primary full-thickness macular hole closure and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity in mean logMAR. Results: One hundred thirty and 30 eyes underwent ILMP and ILMF, respectively. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. Ninety-six percent of ILMP eyes and 90% of ILMF eyes achieved primary hole closure ( P = 0.29). Among all eyes with primary hole closure, best-corrected visual acuity at 1 year was not different between the groups, but when stratified by lens status, it was superior in the ILMP versus ILMF group in pseudophakic eyes: the estimated least-squares mean best-corrected visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) (95% confidence interval) was 0.42 (20/50) (0.34, 0.49) in the ILMP group and 0.71 (20/100) (0.50, 0.92) in the ILMF group. Conclusion: Internal limiting membrane peeling and ILMF techniques yielded similarly high full-thickness macular hole closure rates. In pseudophakic eyes with primary hole closure, ILMF eyes had worse best-corrected visual acuity at 1 year.
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We present a unique case of squamous cell lung carcinoma presenting as acute retinal necrosis with primary metastasis to the retina and optic nerve.
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Interval growth of these metastases was noted ...within a short time frame, which likely resulted in elevated intraocular pressure.
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Immunosuppressed patients with a known history of cancer, who present with acute retinal necrosis, should be worked up for retinal metastases.
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Prompt diagnostic vitrectomy may help determine the etiology of the retinal infiltrates and guide treatment.
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