We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.
An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a ...total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2).
Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05).
During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.
Bismuth-based composite oxides are always considered the best visible-light photocatalysts for oxygen production. However, they are failed to photocatalytic reduce the hydrogen from water, due to ...their lower conduction band made up by Bi 6p and O 2p. Thus, it is significant to modulate their levels of the conduction and valence bands satisfying the redox potential for both H+/H2 and O2/H2O, which will directly lead to discovering new visible-light materials for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Recent years, some modified bismuth-based composite oxides have been reported to achieve photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this paper, a review of photocatalytic hydrogen generation by bismuth-based composite oxides is presented, mainly including energy band engineering, Z-scheme overall water splitting, and strategies for photocatalytic activity improvement.
•Bismuth-based composite oxide for photocatalytic hydrogen generation was reviewed.•Methods to elevate conduction band of Bismuth-based composite oxide were given.•Z-scheme pure water splitting driven by Bismuth-based composite oxide was showed.•Strategies for photocatalytic activity improvement were discussed.
•Pyrite crystals with Au- and As-rich rims are identified in the Heilan’gou deposit.•Anomalously As-Au-rich fluids were incorporated into the ore-forming system during the late ore-forming ...stage.•Arsenic may play an important role for the formation of ultra-high grade gold ores.
The Mesozoic (∼120 Ma) Heilan’gou gold deposit, located in the Jiaodong gold province, eastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), consists of several ultra-high grade (up to 600 g/t) auriferous quartz veins in the early Cretaceous Guojialing granodioritic pluton. Ore-related pyrite crystals from this deposit show complex textures. In this study, EMP, Nano-SIMS trace element mapping and in-situ sulfur isotope analyses were conducted to characterize the textural and compositional features.
Two types of pyrite were identified. Type I crystals (Py-I), hosted in gold-quartz-pyrite veins, are generally homogeneous in chemical composition. They contain low concentrations of As (<0.2 wt.%) and Au (<0.06 wt.%), and have δ34S values ranging from 6.6‰ to 7.9‰. Minor amounts of visible gold grains were observed in fractures of Py-I. Type II pyrite crystals (Py-II), hosted in gold-polymetallic sulfide veins, are commonly composed of an As-poor core (Py-IIa) and an As-rich rim (Py-IIb), with clear boundaries between the two domains. Py-IIb grains normally show oscillatory or patchy zonings of arsenic, and are spatially associated with visible gold and As-Te-Ag-Cu-Pb mineral inclusions. The Py-IIa shows geochemical signatures similar to Py-I, whereas, Py-IIb contains relatively high concentrations of As (0.4–2.5 wt.%, 1.47 wt.% on average) and Au (0.1 wt.% on average), and elevated δ34S values (8.1–8.8‰).
Based on the distinctive textural and compositional signatures between Py-IIa and Py-IIb, it is proposed that anomalously As-Au-rich fluids were injected into hydrothermal systems during the late ore-forming stage, which may have intensively interacted with certain sedimentary rocks. The involvement of these fluids, firstly documented in this study, can largely explain the occurrence of native gold ore shoots at Heilan’gou. In addition, the intimate association between As and Au highlights the important roles of As in enrichment of Au in the Jiaodong gold district.
•An integrated methodology is proposed to predict real-time driving risk status.•Features are extracted using rolling time window approach.•Key features are identified from recursive feature ...elimination.•Multi-layer perceptron achieves a higher prediction accuracy.
Real-time driving risk status prediction is critical for developing proactive traffic intervention strategies and enhance driving safety. However, the optimal observation time window length and prediction time window length, which should be the prerequisite for the timeliness and accuracy of real-time driving risk status prediction model, have been rarely explored in previous studies. In this study, a methodology which integrates driving risk status identification, rolling time window-based feature extraction, real-time driving risk status prediction and driving risk influencing factors analysis was proposed to accurately evaluate and predict real-time driving risk status. The methodology was tested based on 1,440 car-following events from Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study. Results show that four driving risk statuses (safe, low-risk, median-risk and high-risk) are most appropriate to establish risk labelling criteria. In addition, results from driving risk status prediction show that when the observation time window length is 0.5 s, the accuracy rate of predicting medium-risk or high-risk status occurring in the next 0.7 s is higher than 85 % using multi-layer perceptron model. Meanwhile, the results from the analysis of influencing factors show that the input variables related to the risk status score higher in the ranking of feature importance. A part from that, speed difference, headway distance, speed and acceleration are still important in predicting driving risk status. The proposed methods in this paper can be applied in connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) to reduce driver cognitive workload and hence improve driving safety fed with naturalistic driving data collected using in-vehicle systems.
Background Despite substantial evidence in developed countries showing that child maltreatment can lead to serious life-long consequences, relatively few studies so far have examined the associations ...between childhood maltreatment and adulthood outcomes in developing countries, such as China. It also remains unclear as to the impact of relative poverty on the long-term development of maltreated children. Objective This study aims to investigate the associations between childhood maltreatment and educational, health, and economic outcomes among middle-aged Chinese, as well as explore the moderating effects of relative poverty. Participants and setting The participants of this study were the middle-aged respondents (aged 45 to 59) in the 2011, 2013, and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Studies (CHARLS) and the CHARLS Life History Survey (N = 24,114). Methods Physical abuse and emotional neglect were measured to investigate childhood maltreatment. Subjective and objective indicators were used to examine relative poverty. A broad range of midlife outcomes were explored, including educational attainment, physical health, mental health, cognitive functions, labor force participation, wage expenditure, and financial strain. Data analyses were conducted using fixed effects model for panel data and a propensity score matching approach. Results Childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect were both significantly associated with lower levels of midlife educational attainment, cognitive functions, individual wages, and household expenditures, as well as higher rates of chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, poverty, and welfare involvement. Childhood physical abuse also predicted higher risks of difficulty performing the activities of daily living (ADL), unemployment, and fewer work hours. Early-life exposure to relative poverty was linked to a greater likelihood of childhood maltreatment and mid-life adversities. It further aggravated the negative impacts of childhood maltreatment on middle-age outcomes. Conclusion Child maltreatment had a profound effect on long-term child development and midlife outcomes in Chinese contexts. Relative poverty in early life was a moderator that exacerbated the outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment.
In this study, rod-like Co3O4 (Co3O4-rod) nanocatalyst was prepared by a modified precipitation method, which showed an excellent performance for formaldehyde oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. ...The light-off temperature (10% conversion) and the temperature for complete conversion of formaldehyde was at 60°C and 120°C, respectively. XPS and CO2-TPD analyses indicated that Co3O4-rod had abundant Co3+ and OH (hydroxyl) species on the surface compared with other morphologies of Co3O4 investigated (e.g. Co3O4-sheet and Co3O4-cube). It was proposed that Co3+ ions should be considered as active sites of good oxidation ability for formaldehyde catalytic oxidation.
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•Rod-like Co3O4 was synthesized by a modified precipitation method.•Rod-like Co3O4 shows good performance on low-concentration formaldehyde removal.•Abundance of Co3+ ions on rod-like Co3O4 surface exhibits high oxidation ability.•Hydroxyl species on the surface promote the activity of formaldehyde oxidation.
This paper examines the relationship between ownership concentration and bank performance. In order to verify the linear or nonlinear relationship between bank performance and ownership ...concentration, we select the data of the top 100 commercial banks in the BVD-Bankfocus database for regression analysis. The study found that there is no significant correlation between ownership concentration and bank performance, whether it is linear or nonlinear. Besides it found that the better the economic environment, the better the performance of commercial banks; the higher the leverage ratio, the higher the profitability, and the better the bank performance. It also found there is no correlation between bank performance and bank size.
Autophagy is one of the most crucial self-regulating phenomena in livings organisms, including animals, plants, yeasts, etc. In the genomes of plants, like Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco, and barley, ...more than 30 autophagy-related genes (ARGs) have been found. These ARGs are involved in plant development, programed cell death, and the stress response process. In plants, and particularly in grapevine, high copper stress results from the application of the Bordeaux mixture, a widely used fungicide. However, the function of autophagy in plant tolerance to copper stress is unknown. Accordingly, in this study, a genome-wide analysis was performed to identify Vitis vinifera ARGs (VvARGs), and 35 VvARGs were detected. A gene family analysis revealed that the tandem and segmental duplication events played significant roles in the VvARG gene family expansion. Moreover, there was more intense signature of purifying selection for the comparison between grape and rice than between grape and Arabidopsis. In response to copper treatment, both the autophagosome number and malondialdehyde concentration increased during the initial 4 h post-treatment, and reached maximal values at 24 h. An expression analysis indicated that most VvARGs responded to copper stress at 4 h post-treatment, and some VvARGs (e.g., VvATG6, VvATG8i, and VvATG18h) exhibited responses to most abiotic stresses. These results provide a detailed overview of the ARGs in grapevine and indicate multiple functions of autophagy in fruit development and abiotic stresses in grapevine. The key ARG (e.g., ATG8i) should be investigated in more detail in grapevine and other plant species.
Mulching and tillage are widely considered to be major practices for improving soil and water conservation where water is scarce. This paper studied the effects of FM (flat mulching), RFM ...(ridge-furrow mulching), SM (straw mulching), MTMC (mulching with two materials combined), MOM (mulching with other materials), NT (no-tillage) ST (subsoiling tillage) and RT (rotational tillage) on wheat yield based on a synthesis of 85 recent publications (including 2795 observations at 24 sites) in the Loess Plateau, China. This synthesis suggests that wheat yield was in the range of 259-7898 kg ha(-1) for FM and RFM. The sequence of water use efficiency (WUE) effect sizes was similar to that of wheat yield for the practices. Wheat yields were more sensitive to soil water at planting covered by plastic film, wheat straw, liquid film, water-permeable plastic film and sand compared to NT, ST and RT. RFM and RT increased the yields of wheat by 18 and 15%, respectively, and corresponding for WUE by 20.11 and 12.50%. This synthesis demonstrates that RFM was better for avoiding the risk of reduced production due to lack of precipitation; however, under conditions of better soil moisture, RT and MTMC were also economic.
An accurate vehicle trajectory prediction promotes understanding of the traffic environment and enables task criticality assessment in advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) in autonomous ...vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles. Nevertheless, conventional prediction models are characterized by low prediction accuracy, the inability of long-term prediction, and a single-road section adaptation. To tackle these limitations, this study proposes a trajectory prediction model based on a deep encoder–decoder and a deep neural network (DNN). One modification included introducing an attention mechanism into the traditional encoder–decoder framework. Overall, 1794,1400,2100 trajectory samples from highways, intersections, and roundabouts are used to train the proposed framework and obtain optimal deep encoder–decoder architectures for different road section types. Since the experiments revealed no significant advantages of using the attention mechanism in deep encoder–decoder, the mechanism is not included in the optimal architecture. Next, to achieve higher prediction accuracy and better long-term prediction capability, different DNN structures are tested as trajectory correction networks, and the optimal DNN structure is selected. Finally, the experiments are conducted using the proposed deep encoder–decoder framework and the optimal DNN. The results show that the proposed model reaches 92.87%, 86.65%, and 89.15% average trajectory fit ratio (TFR) on a highway, intersection, and a roundabout, respectively. Therefore, the model enables accurate long-term predictions of vehicle trajectories in these road segments. The proposed model and presented results provide a basis for ADASs’ trajectory prediction algorithms.
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