Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are considered to be promising structures for use as flexible transparent electrodes for various optoelectronic devices. One important application of AgNW transparent ...electrodes is the flexible touch screens. However, the performances of flexible touch screens are still limited by the large surface roughness and low electrical to optical conductivity ratio of random network AgNW electrodes. In addition, although the perception of writing force on the touch screen enables a variety of different functions, the current technology still relies on the complicated capacitive force touch sensors. This paper demonstrates a simple and high-throughput bar-coating assembly technique for the fabrication of large-area (>20 × 20 cm2), highly cross-aligned AgNW networks for transparent electrodes with the sheet resistance of 21.0 Ω sq–1 at 95.0% of optical transmittance, which compares favorably with that of random AgNW networks (sheet resistance of 21.0 Ω sq–1 at 90.4% of optical transmittance). As a proof of concept demonstration, we fabricate flexible, transparent, and force-sensitive touch screens using cross-aligned AgNW electrodes integrated with mechanochromic spiropyran–polydimethylsiloxane composite film. Our force-sensitive touch screens enable the precise monitoring of dynamic writings, tracing and drawing of underneath pictures, and perception of handwriting patterns with locally different writing forces. The suggested technique provides a robust and powerful platform for the controllable assembly of nanowires beyond the scale of conventional fabrication techniques, which can find diverse applications in multifunctional flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Biopolymers are materials obtained from a natural origin, such as plants, animals, microorganisms, or other living beings; they are flexible, elastic, or fibrous materials. Polysaccharides and ...proteins are some of the natural polymers that are widely used in wound dressing applications. In this review paper, we will provide an overview of biopolymers and synthetic polymer-based nanocomposites, which have promising applications in the biomedical research field, such as wound dressings, wound healing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical implants. Since these polymers have intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and biodegradable properties, they can be used for various clinical applications. The significant advancements in materials research, drug development, nanotechnology, and biotechnology have laid the foundation for changing the biopolymeric structural and functional properties. The properties of biopolymer and synthetic polymers were modified by blending them with nanoparticles, so that these materials can be used as a wound dressing application. Recent wound care issues, such as tissue repairs, scarless healing, and lost tissue integrity, can be treated with blended polymers. Currently, researchers are focusing on metal/metal oxide nanomaterials such as zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide (CeO2), silver (Ag), titanium oxide (TiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), and other materials (graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT)). These materials have good antimicrobial properties, as well as action as antibacterial agents. Due to the highly antimicrobial properties of the metal/metal oxide materials, they can be used for wound dressing applications.
•Cognitive distortions are positively correlated with generalized problematic internet use.•Problematic internet use is higher among families with a family size of more than five.•Cognitive ...preoccupation related to problematic internet use is higher among graduate students.•Internet usage for more than six hours increased the risk of problematic internet use (predominantly mood regulation).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of the internet has increased dramatically due to the widespread implementation of lockdowns, as well as the shift to remote work and online learning. While the internet can be a valuable tool for staying connected and accessing information during this time, it is important to recognize the potential for problematic internet use and the distorted beliefs in holding to those problematic behaviors. The present study examines the relationship between problematic Internet use (PIU) and cognitive distortions among University students.
Data was collected from 387 students from Andhra Pradesh, India. Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS − 2) and Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire were employed to gather responses.
Family size, education level, and average time of internet use during COVID-19 were discovered to be key elements for GPIUS-2 and GPIUS-2 components (negative outcomes, cognitive preoccupation, and mood regulation) (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation showed a strong positive relationship between problematic internet use (PIU) and cognitive distortions (r = 0.190, p < 0.01). A simple linear regression analysis was performed in which the PIU scores were predicted based on cognitive distortions, and it was found that cognitive distortions predicted PIU.
The study's findings will encourage preventive strategies, testing, and early diagnosis and treatment for people vulnerable to PIU. This research will help facilitate cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for PIU.
Organizations use project teams to lower search costs associated with locating expertise by assembling requisite expertise within a single unit. But prior research suggests that availability of ...expertise in teams does not guarantee its use. When are team members more likely to reach out to their peers for their expertise? To answer this question, this paper develops a theoretical model predicting dyadic expertise use in teams based on the opportunity–ability–motivation framework of behavior in organizations. We argue that 3 complementary conditions influence dyadic expertise use in teams: A focal team member is more likely to use a peer's expertise in a specific domain when the peer is perceived to have valuable expertise (opportunity), when the member is psychologically empowered (motivation), and when the member shares a strong tie with the peer (ability). We tested our framework using a 2-wave dataset consisting of 1,898 observations of dyadic domain-specific peer expertise use based on 71 members rating 166 peers nested within 22 teams. Findings suggest that tie strength and psychological empowerment jointly moderate the relationship between perceived peer expertise level and peer expertise use.
Diabetes is a worldwide problem that affects one of every 11 persons nowadays. The IDF Diabetes Atlas (Eighth edition, 2017) states that approximately 415 million people in the world are living with ...the disease and that this number will rise to 629 million by the year 2045. It is a very serious problem of the world. A major part of the world population is affected by this disease and its resulting complications. In this paper, we propose to investigate a fractional‐order model of diabetes and its resulting complications. The mathematical model's parameters define the population of diabetic patients and those who are diabetic with complications at a given time t. We have also discussed the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the fractional‐order model, which we consider here. We make use of the homotopy decomposition method (HDM) in order to solve the problem.
Monitoring of human bodily motion requires wearable sensors that can detect position, velocity and acceleration. They should be cheap, lightweight, mechanically compliant and display reasonable ...sensitivity at high strains and strain rates. No reported material has simultaneously demonstrated all the above requirements. Here we describe a simple method to infuse liquid-exfoliated graphene into natural rubber to create conducting composites. These materials are excellent strain sensors displaying 104-fold increases in resistance and working at strains exceeding 800%. The sensitivity is reasonably high, with gauge factors of up to 35 observed. More importantly, these sensors can effectively track dynamic strain, working well at vibration frequencies of at least 160 Hz. At 60 Hz, we could monitor strains of at least 6% at strain rates exceeding 6000%/s. We have used these composites as bodily motion sensors, effectively monitoring joint and muscle motion as well and breathing and pulse.
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable ...developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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