Abstract Background Abnormalities in auditory system are frequent in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). There is not yet any consensus for the effect of renal failure and hemodialysis on ...auditory complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the auditory abnormalities in pediatric ESRD patients undergoing long term hemodialysis and compare the results with those of nondialytic chronic renal failure (CRF) children and controls. Methods Children aged 1–16 years were evaluated in three groups: 25 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, 25 nondialytic patients with CRF, and 25 age and sex-matched normal counterparts. Patients with history of otological diseases, ear trauma, diabetes mellitus, receiving ototoxic drugs and syndromes with hearing abnormalities were excluded. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) and otoacoustic emission (OAE) were tested in all subjects. Frequency of cases with abnormal findings was compared between the groups. Results The ABR testing was abnormal in 11 (44%) dialytic patients with normal results in all nondialytic CRF cases and controls ( p < 0.001). The OAE testing was abnormal in all dialytic patients with abnormal ABR testing results (44%), in 1 (4%) nondialytic CRF patient and in no controls ( p < 0.001). There ware no significant differences with regard to age, gender, height, weight, blood pressure, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, and potassium, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), duration of dialysis and dialysis adequacy between dialytic patients with and without abnormal results of ABR/OAE testing. Conclusion Sensorineural hearing loss is rare among nondialytic pediatric patients with CRF but very common in ESRD children undergoing long term dialysis.
The aim of this study was to identify the causes of suicide and homicide in the Qajar period. This study has been done by content analysis method (quantitative and qualitative). The text under ...analysis was "police reports on the situation in Tehran during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar." The findings of this study showed that suicide in the Qajar era is a pervasive phenomenon. In all cases (except one), the means of suicide among men and women was "opium eating." In the Qajar era, women "attempted suicide" more than men, but the rate of "suicides leading to death" was higher in men than women. On the other hand, "economic poverty" was the most important cause of men's suicide. Nearly half of all male suicides were due to economic poverty, but the most important cause of female suicide was the experience of "domestic violence." No woman has committed suicide due to economic problems. Most women commit suicide in their husbands' homes after a conflict with their husbands. According to police reports, no man had attempted to kill his wife, but in several cases, women attempted to kill their husbands. Women usually committed suicide after repeated experiences of domestic violence, but sometimes tried to kill their husbands in revenge.
Wettability is an important factor which controls oil recovery and fluids displacement efficiency in the porous media. Wettability alteration (WA) from strongly oil-wet towards water wet or neutral ...states is one of the most effective methods of oil recovery increment. Many studies have shown that nanofluid can change the wettability of rock surface towards a desirable state and base on literature structural disjoining pressure is the main mechanism of wettability alteration via nano-treatment. However, there is a lack of information regarding the impact of salinity on nanofluid performance in porous media. Therefore, in this work, the effects of salinity, nanofluid concentration and rock type (i.e. limestone and dolomite surfaces) on wettability alteration of oil wet carbonate substrates under ambient condition were investigated. For this purpose, various static and dynamic experiments including contact angle, imbibition and core flood tests have been performed. The results on contact angle measurements showed that by increasing nanoparticles and electrolyte concentration the wettability alteration from oil wet to water wet was significantly enhanced. Moreover, the wettability alteration of dolomite substrate is much more than that of limestone substrate. In the following, the impact of nanofluid on the spontaneous imbibition for strongly oil-wet carbonate cores was closely examined. Finding results showed an increase as much as 15% of oil recovery for nanofluid imbibition in comparison to that of formation brine. Final evaluation of the nanofluid treatment in terms of its effectiveness was measured by core flood experimental runs. Comparison of relative permeability curves before and after treating have outlined that after the treatment process, the relative permeability curve has shifted to the right and the water relative permeability has reduced from 0.43 mD to 0.23 mD at the residual oil saturation due to wettability alteration of rock surface from strongly oil wet to water wet state.
•The use of silica nanoparticles for wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate rock is investigated.•Contact angle and spontaneous imbibition experiments and FESEM analysis demonstrated that nanoparticles can change the wettability.•Wettability alteration was enhanced by increasing nanoparticles concentration and salinity.•Core flood test and relative permeability curves indicated that silica nanofluid can change the wettability of core plug from oil wet to water wet.
Context: Over the last decades, the prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25) and obesity (BMI > 30) is being the most important health challenge in urban populations. The relationship between obesity and ...the individual’s temperament has not been studied yet. Evidence Acquisition: This review aimed to study the causes of obesity, especially in middle-aged people, according to the new evidence of conventional medicine and findings of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) physicians cited in their books. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Iran Medex were also searched with keywords obesity and overweight for recent evidence in conventional medicine. Results: Based on the traditional Persian medicine findings, dystemprament or disequilibrium in Mizaj may promote obesity in middle-aged and elderly people. The attenuation of innate heat and intrinsic moisture in middle age could increase the chance of overweight and obesity. Recent studies in modern nutrition reveal a linear relationship between diminishing the basal metabolic rate and increasing age, especially in middle age. Accordingly, cold-wet-tempered people have more efficient energy homeostasis than hot-dry-tempered people that is similar to individuals with Firmicutes gut microbiota predominance. People living in high altitudes and cold-dry climates maintain their innate heat better than people living in wet climates. It is in accordance with the increasing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in cold exposure, which decreases the chance of obesity. Conclusions: Based on traditional Persian medicine school, it is hypothesized that increasing age and diminishing innate heat besides the accumulation of phlegm (moisture) in the gastrointestinal tract of middle-aged individuals may be influential in altering gut microbiota and consequently obesity. It seems that there may be a correlation between cold/wet Mizaj and risk factors of obesity.
Introduction: Multiple different procedures have been proposed to address complete sixth nerve palsy with severe abduction limitation. In this study, we report a modification of the Hummelsheim's ...procedure. It is in fact muscle pulley transposition that obviates the need for tenotomy or muscle splitting. For the first time, Muraki and Nishida proposed this technique.
Materials and Methods: Patients with large angle esotropia and abduction limitation of minus four or greater were enrolled. The surgery involved insertion of a polyester monofilament fiber suture through the temporal muscular margin of each vertical rectus muscle at approximately one-third of the width from the edge at 10 mm behind the muscle insertion. We tried to insert sutures away from the vessels of vertical muscles. Then, the vertical muscles were transposed without any tenotomy or splitting and the sutures were secured to the sclera 16 mm from the limbus in supratemporal and infratemporal quadrants. In all of the patients, this transposition was combined with medial rectus recession.
Results: A total of 10 patients were included; all of them had an esotropia with profound abduction deficit (−4 or more). The mean age of patients was 44.2 ± 9.2 years (mean ± standard deviation) (range: 28-57). The mean preoperative deviation was 49.5 ± 9 PD prism diopters (PD) (range: 40-65 PD). The mean preoperative abduction limitation was −4.8 ± 0.8. The patients were followed for at least 6 months. Postoperative deviation ranged from orthotropia to 12 PD of esotropia and all the patients obtained abduction at least beyond the midline. No vertical ductional disturbances or deviations were developed. The adduction was not compromised in any patient. Anterior segment ischemia did not occur in any patients.
Conclusion: This procedure is comparable to traditional procedures with the advantages of no need to tenotomy or splitting and can be a good alternative to conventional Hummelsheim's procedure.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent disorder with severe learning and memory defects. Because it has been demonstrated that erythropoietin (EPO) has positive effects on the central nervous ...system, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EPO on neuronal proliferation in dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation in a well-defined model for AD.
A rat model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type was established by a bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Impairment of learning and memory was confirmed 2 weeks after ICV-STZ injection by passive avoidance learning test and then rats were divided into fourgroups:Control, control-EPO, Alzheimer and Alzheimer-EPO. EPO was injected intraperitoneally every other day with a dose of 5000 IU/kg and, finally, the rats were anesthetized and decapitated for immunohistochemical study and neurogenesis investigation (by Ki67 method) in dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation.
The results driven from the histological study showed that EPO significantly increases neuronal proliferation in dentate gyrus of hippocampus in the Alzheimer-EPO group compared with the control, control-EPO and Alzheimer groups; however, there were no differences between the other groups.
Our results show that even though EPO in intact animals doesnot change neurogenesis in dentate gyrus, it can nonetheless significantly increase neurogenesis if there is an underlying disorder like neurodegenerative diseases.
Cervical spine trauma occurs mostly among young males due to falls and car accidents. The CT scan technology is replacing radiography in many medical clinics as it is very capable in detecting subtle ...cervical spine injuries. However, the use of CT scan for routine screening in patients with cervical spine trauma remains controversial due to its radiation risks and relatively high cost.
The focus of this research was on using morphine in patients with cervical spine trauma. The objective was to determine the ability of morphine to reduce the number of patients in need of CT scans.
This double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was conducted from April 2014 to March 2015 in Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. We enrolled 67 patients with cervical spine trauma and normal radiography in the study. They were divided randomly into two groups (groups A and B), where group A received intravenous morphine, and group B received a placebo. We measured the pain scores in both groups before giving the medication and 10 minutes afterwards using a visual analog scale (VAS).
As a result of receiving morphine, the patients in group A had significantly lower pain than group B (p-value < 0.001). The average pain score in group A was reduced by 43% versus 23% in group B. However, the most pain reduction was in those in group A with a normal CT scan. The pain score of these patients dropped by 52%.
The findings of this study suggest that patients with a normal radiography may be discharged with a cervical collar without a need for a CT scan if morphine reduces their pain. This is because the pain in these patients stem from the muscles and non-bony structures in the cervical spine area.
The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the IRCT ID: IRCT2013100214872N1.
The authors received no financial support for the research or for the publication of this article.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as a chemotherapeutic drug is used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU is associated with acquired CRC resistance, which decreases the therapeutic potential of 5-FU. ...Several studies indicated that miR-200c is also involved in chemotherapeutic drug resistance, but the exact mechanism of miR-200c mediated chemoresistance has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we examined the effect of inhibition of miR-200c on the sensitivity of HCT-116 cells to 5-FU. HCT-116 cells were transfected with LNA-anti- miR-200c for 48 h. mRNA expression of miR-200c was investigated by qRT-PCR. The protein expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and E-cadherin were evaluated by western blotting. Annexin V/ PI staining and caspase 3 activity were used to detect apoptosis. LNA-anti-miR-200c inhibited the miR-200c expression in the transfected cells compared with that in the control group. LNA-anti-miR-200c suppressed the expression of PTEN and E-cadherin independent of the presence of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU. LNA-anti-miR-200c reduced the 5-FU-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 activity
.
miR-200c, as a novel prognostic marker in CRC, can be a potential therapeutic approach to overcome chemoresistance during 5-FU chemotherapy.
The plan of a river shows many geomorphological and dynamic characteristics of the river. In fact, the longitudinal and cross profiles of the river and especially the rate of its concavity ...depends on different parameters such as centralization of discharge material gathered from the drainage network to the main channel of the river, erosion of channel, litho logy, topography and tectonic factors of the basin. clearly by changing these parameters, the plan of the river will changes. The goal of the research is analyzing geomorphological changes of longitudinal and cross profile of Qaresou River during 1954-2014. At first, due to high length of the river( about 400 km) , the river was divided in to five segments and then for drawing the longitudinal sections of the river, satellite photos of PAN IRS, elevation model ( DEM), topographic map of the area 1:50000 and Arc Gis map were used. Findings show that the longitudinal profile of Qaresou river is relatively regular and uniform, which has multitude meanders. Also, the general form of the Qaresou River is concave and has diverted toward the downstream than primarily origin in a way that its diversion rate will reach to 50 degrees at the fifth segment . Also from the view point of latitudinal profile, the river has had a reducing trend within the last 60 years ago. During this time period, the most rate of change has been observed in segments 2 and 5 . Results show that the river tendency is toward the increase of sedimentation and decrease of erosion in the most parts that shows the steady state equilibrium of the river .
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