In many visual classification tasks the spatial distribution of discriminative information is (i) non uniform e.g. person `reading' can be distinguished from `taking a photo' based on the area around ...the arms i.e. ignoring the legs and (ii) has intra class variations e.g. different readers may hold the books differently. Motivated by these observations, we propose to learn the discriminative spatial saliency of images while simultaneously learning a max margin classifier for a given visual classification task. Using the saliency maps to weight the corresponding visual features improves the discriminative power of the image representation. We treat the saliency maps as latent variables and allow them to adapt to the image content to maximize the classification score, while regularizing the change in the saliency maps. Our experimental results on three challenging datasets, for (i) human action classification, (ii) fine grained classification and (iii) scene classification, demonstrate the effectiveness and wide applicability of the method.
Background
The amniotic membrane (AM) has shown immense potential in repairing wounds due to its great regenerative qualities. Although the role of AM as a biological scaffold in repairing wounds has ...been studied well, the tissue regenerative potential of AM‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned media (CM) derived from it remains to be discovered as of now. Here, we examined the wound healing abilities of fresh and frozen thawed rabbit AM (rAM) along with the MSCs and their lyophilised CM in rabbits challenged with skin wounds.
Methods
To elucidate the role of rAM‐MSCs and its CM in repairing the wound, we isolated it from the freshly derived placenta and characterised their differentiation potential by performing an in vitro tri‐lineage differentiation assay besides other standard confirmations. We compared the wound repair capacities of rAM‐MSCs and lyophilised CM with the fresh and cryopreserved AM at different timelines by applying them to excision wounds created in rabbits.
Results
By monitoring wound contractions and tissue histology of wounded skin at different time points after the application, we observed that rAM‐MSCs and rAM‐MSC‐derived CM significantly promoted wound closure compared to the control group. We also observed that the wound closure capacity of rAM‐MSCs and rAM‐MSC‐derived CM is as efficient as fresh and cryopreserved rAM.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that rAM‐MSCs and rAM‐MSC derived CM can be effectively used to treat skin wounds in animals and correctly delivered to the damaged tissue using AM as a bioscaffold, either fresh or frozen.
The ringworm of domestic animals (dogs, cats, and other animals) could be a potential source of zoonotic infections and causing a major health problems. Almost 20–50% human skin infections were from ...zoonotic dermatophytes mainly found in pet animals which can be easily spread to other animals and humans also. The pet owners are more susceptible to get this infection from their pets, because of the close contact with them as dermatophytosis is very much prevalent in those pets. So, this study was aimed to study the effect of essential oils on the dermatophytes isolated from dogs, cats, and in pet owners to control the dermatophytosis. The essential oil was obtained from rhizome of
Zingiber officinale
and
Curcuma longa
by standard hydrodistillation method, Clevenger’s apparatus. Chemical composition of
C. longa
and
Z. officinale
essential oil was determined by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In
C.longa
, thirty four compounds and
Z. officinale
essential oil, fourty three compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The antidermatophytic activity of
Zingiber officinale
and
Curcuma longa
were screened against two zoonotic dermatophytes isolated from the domestic pet owners namely
Trichophyton verrucosum
and
Microsporum canis
by using Disc Diffusion and modified micro dilution method. Combination of essential oils showed excellent additive, synergistic and antidermatophytic activity as compared to single oils and references antibiotics i.e. Clotrimazole and Ketoconazole. These results conclude that mixture of oils can be used as excellent antidermatophytic agent for the treatment of zoonotic dermatophytosis.
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study to understand the magnetism and magnetocaloric behavior of the double perovskite Nd2NiMnO6. The magnetic susceptibility data confirms a ...ferromagnetic transition with K. An additional feature at T = 25 K, indicative of antiferromagnetic correlations, is present. A positive magnetocaloric effect (MCE) near and a negative MCE around T = 25 K is inferred from the temperature dependence of the change in magnetic entropy at low magnetic fields. The negative MCE peak is suppressed on the application of a magnetic field and can be made to switch to a conventional positive MCE upon increasing magnetic field. We understand and reproduce these features in Monte Carlo simulations of a phenomenological Heisenberg model for Nd2NiMnO6. The validity of the model is tested using density functional theory calculations. We argue that this simple understanding of the experimental observations in terms of two antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices allows these results to be useful across a broader class of magnetocaloric materials.
The global burden of injuries Krug, EG; Sharma, GK; Lozano, R
American journal of public health (1971),
04/2000, Letnik:
90, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The traditional view of injuries as "accidents", or random events, has resulted in the historical neglect of this area of public health. However, the most recent estimates show that injuries are ...among the leading causes of death and disability in the world. They affect all populations, regardless of age, sex, income, or geographic region. In 1998, about 5.8 million people (97.9 per 100,000 population) died of injuries worldwide, and injuries caused 16% of the global burden of disease. Road traffic injuries are the 10th leading cause of death and the 9th leading cause of the burden of disease; self-inflicted injuries, falls, and interpersonal violence follow closely. Injuries affect mostly young people, often causing long-term disability. Decreasing the burden of injuries is among the main challenges for public health in the next century--injuries are preventable, and many effective strategies are available. Public health officials must gain a better understanding of the magnitude and characteristics of the problem, contribute to the development and evaluation of injury prevention programs, and develop the best possible prehospital and hospital care and rehabilitation for injured persons.
We present a novel lossless (reversible) data-embedding technique, which enables the exact recovery of the original host signal upon extraction of the embedded information. A generalization of the ...well-known least significant bit (LSB) modification is proposed as the data-embedding method, which introduces additional operating points on the capacity-distortion curve. Lossless recovery of the original is achieved by compressing portions of the signal that are susceptible to embedding distortion and transmitting these compressed descriptions as a part of the embedded payload. A prediction-based conditional entropy coder which utilizes unaltered portions of the host signal as side-information improves the compression efficiency and, thus, the lossless data-embedding capacity.
Energy-efficient design is the prime requirement for modern portable devices as these devices employ compute intensive image/video processing cores which produces output for human consumption. The ...limited perception of human sense can be exploited to improve energy-efficacy via approximate designs. In this paper, a novel quality-aware Energy-Scalable Gaussian Smoothing Filter (ES-GSF) is proposed that significantly reduces energy requirement at the cost of slightly reduced quality. The energy scalability within ES-GSF is achieved by exploiting the relative significance of kernel coefficients existing on different boundaries. The ES-GSF computes significant boundaries for the given energy budget. Simulation results show that ES-GSF consumes 30.46% reduced energy with graceful quality degradation over the well-known existing architectures. Further, the ES-GSF can scale energy up to 65.05% when switched from high quality mode to energy-efficient mode. The efficacy of the proposed filter is demonstrated in edge detection where ES-GSF embedded edge detectors consume 29.9% less energy over the well-known existing architectures.
► The electronic structure and elastic properties of TiB2 and ZrB2 are investigated. ► The calculated values are found to be in good agreement with earlier investigations. ► The directional and ...spherically averaged Compton profiles of ZrB2 are computed. ► The experimental Compton profile of ZrB2 is measured and compared with LCAO values.
We investigate the electronic structure and elastic properties of TiB2 and ZrB2. The electronic properties are computed within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) based on linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) and projector augmented wave (PAW) methods while the elastic properties are calculated using the PAW method. The calculated electronic and elastic properties of TiB2 and ZrB2 are found to be in good agreement with earlier data. In addition, the theoretical directional and spherically averaged Compton profiles of TiB2 and ZrB2 are also computed using the LCAO method. The spherically averaged theoretical values are compared with the first-ever measurement on polycrystalline ZrB2. To estimate the charge transfer in ZrB2, ionic model based calculations have also been performed which suggest transfer of electron from Zr to B atoms.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative disease affecting joints. It is associated with structural and functional changes that cause lameness and pain in dogs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ...considered an ideal therapeutic candidate for treating inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions due to their paracrine and immunomodulatory characteristics. They are delivered intravenously or as intra-articular injections for treating canine osteoarthritis. However, ex vivo studies have confirmed that the osteoarthritic synovial fluid is cytotoxic to cultured MSCs. Therefore, intra-articular transplantation of viable MSCs should be considered counterproductive since it minimizes cellular viability. Similarly, the intravenous administration of MSCs limits the therapeutic effects on the organ of interest since most of the administered cells get trapped in the lungs. Therefore, cell-free therapeutic strategies such as conditioned media and extracellular vesicles (EVs) can potentially become the future of MSC-based therapy in managing canine osteoarthritis. It overcomes the limitations of MSC-based therapy, such as tumor differentiation, immunogenicity, and pulmonary embolization, and has advantages like low immunogenicity and off-shelf availability. In addition, they eliminate problems such as low cell survival, transmission of infections, and unpredictable behavior of the transplanted MSCs, thereby acting as a safe alternative to cell-based therapeutics. However, very limited data is available on the efficacy and safety of cell-free therapy using MSCs for managing canine osteoarthritis. Therefore, large-scale, multicentric, randomized clinical controlled trials are required to establish the therapeutic efficacy and safety of MSC-based cell-free therapy in clinical cases of canine osteoarthritis.
Diabetes is a lifestyle disease and it has become an epidemic worldwide in recent decades. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation, diabetes has become a serious health concern since large numbers ...of patients are vulnerable to die from the virus. Thus, diabetic patients affected by COVID-19 cause a major health crisis now. Reports show that large occurrence of diabetes makes it a serious comorbidity in COVID-19 patients.
It is crucial to understand how COVID-19 affects diabetes patients. This paper has reviewed published literature extensively to understand the pattern, importance, care, and medication.
This review summarizes the association between COVID-19 and diabetes in terms of susceptibility for pneumonia and other diseases. It also discusses the harshness of COVID-19 with diabetes populations and immunological impacts. It further adds the ACE2 receptor role in diabetes with COVID-19 patients.
Finally, this paper illustrates different types of diabetes management techniques, such as blood glucose management, self-management, mental health management, and therapeutic management. It also summarizes the current knowledge about diabetic patients with COVID-19 to fight this pandemic.
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