Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes considerable yield loss. Adult plant resistance (APR) is one of the most sustainable approaches to ...control leaf rust. In this study, field-testing was carried out across ten different locations, followed by molecular screening, to detect the presence of APR genes, Lr34+, Lr46+, Lr67+ and Lr68 in Indian wheat germplasm. In field screening, 190 wheat accessions were selected from 6,319 accessions based on leaf tip necrosis (LTN), disease severity and the average coefficient of infection. Molecular screening revealed that 73% of the accessions possessed known APR genes either as single or as a combination of two or three genes. The occurrence of increased LTN intensity, decreased leaf rust severity and greater expression of APR genes were more in relatively cooler locations. In 52 lines, although the presence of the APR genes was not detected, it still displayed high levels of resistance. Furthermore, 49 accessions possessing either two or three APR genes were evaluated for stability across locations for grain yield. It emerged that eight accessions had wider adaptability. Resistance based on APR genes, in the background of high yielding cultivars, is expected to provide a high level of race non-specific resistance, which is durable.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•First time YAlO3:Sm3+ nanophosphor was used to improve the quality of finger print.•Ecofriendly green combustion process is used to synthesize nanophosphor.•CIE values of the samples ...were close to NTSC standard values of white emission.•Enhancement of fingermarks recognition was achieved by simple and quick method.
First time the yttrium aluminate nanoparticles are used to improve the fingerprint quality. Eco-friendly green combustion process is used to synthesize YAlO3:Sm3+ (0.5–11mol%) nanophosphor using green tea leaf extract as non-toxic and eco-friendly fuel. Powder X-ray diffraction study confirms the orthorhombic phase. The average sizes of the crystallites were found to be in the range 20–35nm. The emission peaks centered at 564, 601 and 647nm is attributed to 4f–4f 4G5/2→6HJ=5/2,7/2,9/2 forbidden transitions of Sm3+ ions. Judd–Ofelt theory is applied to experimental data for providing qualitative support by determining J–O intensity parameters. The Commission International De I-Eclairage chromaticity co-ordinates are very close to National Television System Committee standard value of white emission (x=0.296, y=0.237). Further, correlated color temperature is found to be ∼11,900K. A simple, fast, highly sensitive and low-cost method for the detection and enhancement of fingermarks in a broad range of surfaces is developed and constitutes an alternative to traditional luminescent powders.
Spike fertility and associated traits are key factors in deciding the grain yield potential of wheat. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) interwoven with advanced post-GWAS analysis such as a ...genotype-phenotype network (geno-pheno network) for spike fertility, grain yield, and associated traits allow to identify of novel genomic regions and represents attractive targets for future marker-assisted wheat improvement programs. In this study, GWAS was performed on 200 diverse wheat genotypes using Breeders' 35K Axiom array that led to the identification of 255 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) (
≥ 3) for 15 metric traits phenotyped over three consecutive years. MTAs detected on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 5B, and 6A were most promising for spike fertility, grain yield, and associated traits. Furthermore, the geno-pheno network prioritised 11 significant MTAs that can be utilised as a minimal marker system for improving spike fertility and yield traits. In total, 119 MTAs were linked to 81 candidate genes encoding different types of functional proteins involved in various key pathways that affect the studied traits either way. Twenty-two novel loci were identified in present GWAS, twelve of which overlapped by candidate genes. These results were further validated by the gene expression analysis, Knetminer, and protein modelling. MTAs identified from this study hold promise for improving yield and related traits in wheat for continued genetic gain and in rapidly evolving artificial intelligence (AI) tools to apply in the breeding program.
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•Fabrication of BVA functionalized Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanopowders dispersed in a PVA matrix.•PL enhancement was due to energy transfer from ligand to Eu3+ ions.•Functionalized nanomaterial ...used for LFPs visualization and printing applications.
Creative advancements are enormously sought for the advanced forensic and data security in modern era. Herein, fabrication of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) functionalized Gd2O3:Eu3+ (5 mol %) nanopowders dispersed in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix for long term preservation and visualization of latent fingerprints, as well as printing. Efficient intramolecular energy transfers from coordinated ligand to the doped Eu3+ ions, called the antenna effect was precisely organized by grafting organic molecule, resultant to an enhanced photoluminescence emission. On this basis, the masking of PVA/Gd2O3:Eu3+ (5 mol %)@BSA solution on a latent fingerprints results a flexible transparent film; a highly stable fingerprint images with well-defined ridge characteristics was developed on the film, which enabling personal individualization. Interestingly, the followed latent fingerprints development technique was non-destructive and stored long duration up to 1 year on filtrating and non-filtrating surfaces. The same mechanism was also validated by utilized for application of PVA/Gd2O3:Eu3+ (5 mol %)@BSA nanocomposites in dip pen and intaglio printing. Hence, the prepared nanocomposites signify an competent method towards long preservative fingerprints as well as great performance for data security operations. This work endorses a prospective paradigm for luminescence enhancement and its applications in advanced forensic science.
The volume change of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (India, 32 degree 20 N, 77 degree 30' E) between 1988 and 2010 has been determined using in situ geodetic measurements. This glacier has experienced ...only a slight mass loss between 1988 and 2010 (-3.8 plus or minus 2.0 m w.e. (water equivalent) corresponding to -0.17 plus or minus 0.09 m w.e. yr super(-1)). Using satellite digital elevation models (DEM) differencing and field measurements, we measure a negative mass balance (MB) between 1999 and 2010 (-4.8 plus or minus 1.8 m w.e. corresponding to -0.44 plus or minus 0.16 m w.e. yr super(-1)). Thus, we deduce a slightly positive or near-zero MB between 1988 and 1999 (+1.0 plus or minus 2.7 m w.e. corresponding to +0.09 plus or minus 0.24 m w.e. yr super(-1)). Furthermore, satellite DEM differencing reveals that the MB of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (-0.39 plus or minus 0.15 m w.e. yr super(-1)) has been only slightly less negative than the MB of a 2110 km super(2) glaciarized area in the Lahaul and Spiti region (-0.44 plus or minus 0.09 m w.e. yr super(-1)) during 1999-2011. Hence, we conclude that the ice wastage is probably moderate in this region over the last 22 yr, with near equilibrium conditions during the nineties, and an ice mass loss after. The turning point from balanced to negative mass budget is not known but lies probably in the late nineties and at the latest in 1999. This positive or near-zero MB for Chhota Shigri Glacier (and probably for the surrounding glaciers of the Lahaul and Spiti region) during at least part of the 1990s contrasts with a recent compilation of MB data in the Himalayan range that indicated ice wastage since 1975. However, in agreement with this compilation, we confirm more negative balances since the beginning of the 21st century.
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the developing sympathetic nervous system. However, the cellular origin of neuroblastoma has yet to be defined. Here we studied the single-cell transcriptomes of ...neuroblastomas and normal human developing adrenal glands at various stages of embryonic and fetal development. We defined normal differentiation trajectories from Schwann cell precursors over intermediate states to neuroblasts or chromaffin cells and showed that neuroblastomas transcriptionally resemble normal fetal adrenal neuroblasts. Importantly, neuroblastomas with varying clinical phenotypes matched different temporal states along normal neuroblast differentiation trajectories, with the degree of differentiation corresponding to clinical prognosis. Our work highlights the roles of oncogenic MYCN and loss of TFAP2B in blocking differentiation and may provide the basis for designing therapeutic interventions to overcome differentiation blocks.
Drying of garlic cloves was done using microwave-convective technique, using microwave power of 10–40 W, air temperature of 40–70 °C and at air velocity of 1–2 m/s. The effective moisture diffusivity ...varied from 1.29 to 31.68
×
10
−10 m
2/s. A third order polynomial relationship was found to correlate the effective moisture diffusivity (
D
eff) with moisture content. The
D
eff increased for the same values of drying air temperatures and velocities as the applied microwave power was increased. However,
D
eff decreased at all temperatures and applied microwave power with increase in air velocity. The activation energy in the microwave-convective drying ranged between 4.08 and 10.50 kJ/mol, which was much lower than the convectionally heating activation energy values for moisture diffusivities for most vegetables.
The present work analyzes the aerosol episode (AE) days and examines the modification in aerosol properties and radiative forcing during the period 2001–2010 based on Kanpur-AERONET data. AEs are ...defined as the days having daily-mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) above the decadal mean + 1 STD (standard deviation); the threshold value is defined at 0.93. The analysis identifies 277 out of 2095 days (13.2%) of AEs over Kanpur, which are most frequently observed during post-monsoon (78 cases, 18.6%) and monsoon (76, 14.7%) seasons due to biomass-burning episodes and dust influence, respectively. On the other hand, the AEs during winter and pre-monsoon are lesser in both absolute and percentage values (65, 12.5% and 58, 9.1%, respectively). The modification in aerosol properties on the AE days is strongly dependent on season; during post-monsoon and winter, the AEs are associated with enhanced presence of fine-mode aerosols from anthropogenic emissions and/or biomass burning, while during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, they are mostly associated with dust. Aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) calculated using SBDART shows much more surface (∼−69 to −97 Wm−2) and Top of Atmosphere cooling (−20 to −30 Wm−2) as well as atmospheric heating (∼43 to 71 Wm−2) during the AE days as compared to seasonal means. These forcing values are mainly controlled by the higher AODs and the modified aerosol characteristics (Angstrom Exponent α, single scattering albedo SSA) during the AE days in each season. Furthermore, the vertical profiles of aerosols and atmospheric radiative heating exhibit significant increase in lower and mid troposphere during the AE days. This may cause serious climate implications over Ganges Basin and surrounding regions with further consequences on cloud microphysics, monsoon rainfall and melting of Himalayan glaciers.
•Studying the seasonal and inter-annual variation of the aerosol episodes (AE) over Kanpur, central IGP, India.•The AE days are associated with accumulation of anthropogenic aerosols and biomass burning during post-monsoon and winter.•The AE days are strongly related to dust presence during pre-monsoon and monsoon.•The optical and physical properties of aerosols significantly are modifying during the AE days, also depending on season.•The aerosol radiative forcing at surface, TOA and within the atmosphere is considered very high during the AE days.
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission based organic heterocyclic luminogens bearing conjugated electronic structures showed much attention due to its excellent fluorescence in aggregation state. In ...this communication, a novel conjugated blue light emitting imidazole molecule is synthesized by one pot multicomponent reaction route is reported for the first time. The prepared molecule exhibits a strong fluorescence in aggregation state with exceptional properties, such as high purity, inexpensive, eco-friendly, large scale production, high photostability, etc. By considering these advantages, a new fluorescence based platform has been setup for in-situ visualization of latent fingerprints and its preservation by spray method followed by Poly(vinyl alcohol) masking. A clear and well defined fluorescence fingerprint images are noticed on variety of surfaces by revealing level 1–3 ridge features upon ultraviolet 365 nm light exposure. The dual nature of binding specificity as well as excellent fluorescence properties permits the visualization of latent fingerprints for longer durations (up to 365 days) with superior contrast, high sensitivity, efficiency, selectivity and minimal background hindrance. We further fabricated unclonable invisible security ink for various printing modes on valuable goods for protection against forging. The developed labels are displaying uniform distribution of ink and exceptional stability under various atmospheric environments. The development of long preservative information using aggregation-induced emission based luminogen opens up a new avenue in advanced forensic and data security applications.
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