Introduction: Tendon variation of Extensor Digitorum muscle was observed in a 48yr old male formalin fixed cadaver, during the dissection at Anatomy Dissection hall. The tendons of Extensor Digitorum ...muscle shows anatomical variation most often and its knowledge is important to assess the diseased and traumatized hand. Incidences have shown that tendons of ED may be variably deficient but more often they are doubled or even tripled in one or more digits. The incidences of doubling are higher in index finger or in the middle finger. Very rarely a slip of tendon passes to the thumb. Methods: Regular dissection at Anatomy Dissection Hall. Result & Conclusion: In this present case in left forearm, the origin of muscle was normal but its tendon divides into five proximal to wrist which pass through a common synovial sheath deep to the Extensor Retinaculum. The extra tendon is in between 4th and 5th digit. The right forearm does not show any anatomical variation. This type of variation is rarely found. This particular variation is important for clinical perspective. This case study is useful for surgeons performing Tendon Graft Operations or Tenoplasty.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that causes difficulty while socializing and communicating and the performance of stereotyped behavior. ASD is thought to have a variety of ...causes when accompanied by genetic disorders and environmental variables together, resulting in abnormalities in the brain. A steep rise in ASD has been seen regardless of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical therapeutic techniques. Therefore, using complementary and alternative therapies to treat autism could be very significant. Thus, this review is completely focused on non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions which include different diets, supplements, antioxidants, hormones, vitamins and minerals to manage ASD. Additionally, we also focus on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, herbal remedies, camel milk and cannabiodiol. Additionally, we concentrate on how palatable phytonutrients provide a fresh glimmer of hope in this situation. Moreover, in addition to phytochemicals/nutraceuticals, it also focuses on various microbiomes, i.e., gut, oral, and vaginal. Therefore, the current comprehensive review opens a new avenue for managing autistic patients through non-pharmacological intervention.
Background: DNA analysis has a key role in forensic dentistry. However, techniques of DNA extraction and analysis are far from the reach of majority of medical professionals owing to its expensive ...set up. Aim: The present study was aimed at formulating a crude method of extracting DNA from human buccal mucosa cells using materials commonly available in the laboratory so that the medical professionals could get more exposure to molecular biology techniques. The objectives were to identify the DNA and to assess its purity. Methods: Buccal mucosa cells from 10 healthy volunteers were taken for DNA extraction following the protocol of cell lysis, purification, and precipitation. DNA was identified using standardized techniques like Diphenylamine test and its purity was assessed using a spectrophotometer. A gel electrophoresis apparatus was also constructed using readily available materials. Results: DNA was extracted from human buccal mucosa cells using a crude method. The standardized tests confirmed the presence of DNA contaminated with proteins. The locally made Gel electrophoresis model exhibited a faint halo around the wells instead of DNA bands. Conclusion: DNA extraction from human buccal mucosa cells was made possible using locally available materials and a crude method, but it was not of high purity.
Health is that state in which the structure and function of a particular individual is operating optimally and the individual is in a state of physical, mental, and spiritual equilibrium. Disease is ...a state of inequilibrium of the doshas, dhatus, agnis, and malas the individual is out of harmonyboth internally and with relation to the environment and experiences unpleasant sensations and misery in some form (duhkya). Vata governs all movement in the mind and body. It controls blood flow, elimination of wastes, breathing and the movement of thoughts across the mind.Since Pitta and Kapha cannot move without it, Vata is considered the leader of the three Ayurvedic Principles in the body. Its very important to keep Vata in good balance.Basti karma is the most powerful of the five main procedures of Panchkarma,as Acharya Charaka has considered Basti as Ardha Chikitsa taking into account that in case of vitiated Vata dosha and Vata is the controller of all other Doshas, Dushyas, Malas and their functioning.
Introduction:Anterior uveitis includes iritis, iridocyclitis and anterior cyclitis. Aim of the study is to evaluate clinical profile of anterior uveitis in tertiary care centre in Western ...Maharashtra. Methodology:An observational ,descriptive , cross sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital in rural set up. A total 35 eyes of 27 patients diagnosed with anterior uveitis were evaluated. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation and systemic examination. Results:This study included 35 eyes of 27 patients. Anterior uveitis affected most commonly in people of age group of 5th and 6th decade. No gender predilection was seen. In majority of patients etiology was idiopathic (19 cases /70.37%) while of Rheumatoid Arthritis 2 cases were seen (7.40%). Majority of patients had non- granulomatous type of uveitis 91.42%. Unilateral presentation was seen in 70.37% of cases. Most common complication seen was complicated cataract seen in 7 eyes (20%).). Most of the eyes with anterior uveitis had cells of grade grade 2+( 37.14 %) and flare 1+ (28.57%). Conclusion:Anterior uveitis was most commonly observed in 5th and 6th decade of life. In most of the patients etiology was idiopathic. Acute anterior uveitis was most common common case presentation. Majority of patients of anterior uveitis had unilateral involvement and complicated cataract was the most common complication seen.
We report a case of a 9-year-old girl presented to the outpatient department with abdominal pain and diagnosed as solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) with urogenital anomalies. SPN can occur in ...children with extrapancreatic abnormalities, especially urogenital abnormalities, so these anomalies should be looked for in children diagnosed with SPN and vice versa.
According to the literature, it is controversial whether EMP is a separate entity or an early stage of PCM,1 and hence, long-term follow-up to detect early recurrence or progression to PCM has been ...recommended. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) showed fludeoxyglucose avid bilaterally enlarged tonsils (left > right) Figure 1a.{Figure 1} The patient was planned for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with the dosage of 4500 cGy in 25 fractions over a period of 5 weeks. The differential diagnosis of unilateral tonsillar swelling considered is certain inflammatory lesions such as reactive plasma cell hyperplasia, plasma cell granuloma, and malignant neoplasms such as metastatic or undifferentiated carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, and granulocytic sarcoma.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by increased and unregulated proliferation of granulocytic lineage in the bone marrow and presence of these immature myeloid cells in the peripheral ...blood with presence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most important drugs in the CML therapy and provide long disease-free survival. Due to the increased survival of CML patients with continual administration of these drugs, the chance of development of secondary malignancies may increase. The most common secondary malignancies are prostate, colorectal and lung cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, malignant melanoma, non-melanoma skin tumors and breast cancer. Herein, we are describing a rare case of Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient of CML after ten year of primary disease presentation. Hodgkin lymphoma in a known case of CML is very rare and further studies are also needed to know the pathogenic relationship between the two entities and to assess the risk of secondary Hodgkin lymphoma in CML patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. CML itself is a risk factor for development of solid cancers and hematologic malignancies. In addition, patients on chemotherapy are immune-compromised and may be at greater risk of neoplasm driven by infectious agents such as Epstein-Barr virus.
Extramedullary disease, as a whole, is rare in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APML). If at all relapse occurs, following sites are involved: Central Nervous System (CNS), skin, testes, mediastinum, ...gingiva, and ear. Isolated CNS relapses after complete morphological and molecular remission is rarer particularly in children.
To review the literature systematically to find out the incidence of isolated CNS relapse in paediatric APML cases.
A systematic search of major databases (Medline, Pubmed and Google Scholar) was conducted. We included all types of studies that reported about incidence or prevalence of isolated CNS relapse in children upto 18 years of age with APML.
A total of nine studies (with 10 cases of isolated CNS relapse) were included. Majority (70%) was high risk patients, and 60% were ≤six-year-old. Nearly, 50% were having the mean time to relapse <12 months and most (60%) of them were male. The children who died were having shorter time to CNS relapse (around 12 months), and were older (>6 to 18 years).
In the present review, disease in the high-risk group, male sex, younger age (≤six-years-old), and Promyelocytic Leukaemia/Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (PML-RARA) detection was found to be associated with isolated CNS relapse in children with APML. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination along with immunophenotyping and Reverse Transcription polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for PML-RARA is required for a definite diagnosis and early treatment of patients to improve overall survival.
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