Patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction have higher operative risk with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). However, those whose early risk is surpassed by subsequent survival ...benefit have not been identified.
This study sought to examine the impact of anatomic variables associated with poor prognosis on the effect of CABG in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
All 1,212 patients in the STICH (Surgical Treatment of IsChemic Heart failure) surgical revascularization trial were included. Patients had coronary artery disease (CAD) and ejection fraction (EF) of ≤35% and were randomized to receive CABG plus medical therapy or optimal medical therapy (OMT) alone. This study focused on 3 prognostic factors: presence of 3-vessel CAD, EF below the median (27%), and end-systolic volume index (ESVI) above the median (79 ml/m(2)). Patients were categorized as having 0 to 1 or 2 to 3 of these factors.
Patients with 2 to 3 prognostic factors (n = 636) had reduced mortality with CABG compared with those who received OMT (hazard ratio HR: 0.71; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.56 to 0.89; p = 0.004); CABG had no such effect in patients with 0 to 1 factor (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.44; p = 0.591). There was a significant interaction between the number of factors and the effect of CABG on mortality (p = 0.022). Although 30-day risk with CABG was higher, a net beneficial effect of CABG relative to OMT was observed at >2 years in patients with 2 to 3 factors (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.75; p<0.001) but not in those with 0 to 1 factor (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.31; p = 0.535).
Patients with more advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy receive greater benefit from CABG. This supports the indication for surgical revascularization in patients with more extensive CAD and worse myocardial dysfunction and remodeling. (Comparison of Surgical and Medical Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease STICH; NCT00023595).
To describe the distribution of over weight and body mass index, waist circumference and waist/ hip ratio, correlate obesity measures to coronary heart disease risk factors in comparison to Pakistan ...National Survey (PNS).
The Metroville Health Study (MHS) was an urban risk factor reduction intervention study in Metroville Karachi. Base line data was used which was not a random sample. Demographic data including serum cholesterol, glucose, haemoglobin, and blood pressure were collected.
In MHS high cholesterol was 16% and 24% in men and women respectively, and 25% had hypertension. Self-reported diabetes was 8%, over-weight/obesity 34% and 49% for men and women, compared to 16% and 25% for PNS, while high risk waist-hip ratio (WHR) was present in 41% and 72% of men and women respectively. Under-weight in Metroville men was 12% and 9% in women, compared to 26% and 27% in PNS. The anthropometry variables were significantly correlated with each other while weight was significantly correlated with TC and waist circumference (WC).
Obesity was alarmingly prevalent in urban Metroville in comparison to PNS. Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) risk factors were prevalent in Metroville and TC and WC were significantly correlated with obesity measures. For prevention of increasing CVD in urban communities, targeted programs of intervention are required.
Two explanations of intergroup discrimination in crossed categorization situations were investigated--category differentiation and social identity. In an experimentally created crossed categorization ...situation, subjects were categorized into groups of differing status (high, middle, low) and size (minority, majority). Then subjects were asked to rate their own group and other groups on three dependent measures--evaluation of group performance, selection of persuasion strategy, and perceived similarity. Findings supported the social identity prediction that group status exerts significant influence on behavior in a crossed categorization situation. Greatest intergroup discrimination was observed among the middle status group members while the low status group members showed least amount of discrimination. The effect of group size was found to be significant only on the persuasion strategy selection measure. That outcome was consistent with neither the category differentiation nor social identity prediction. It was also found that subjects showed the response pattern that was more consistent with the social identity prediction. Subjects displayed stronger outgroup discrimination against crossed groups that were more similar to their ingroup. Overall, the findings suggest that a category differentiation model is insufficient to account for individuals' responses in crossed categorization situations.
A novel peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system has been designed for the determination of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100), in which a hydrophobic fluorescent conjugated polymer, ...poly2,5‐bisnonyloxy‐1,4‐phenylene‐ethynylene‐9,10‐anthrylene (PPEA) was employed as a fluorophor. A strong enhanced intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) was observed in the presence of TX‐100, due to the improved emission efficiency of PPEA in the presence of TX‐100. Under optimum conditions, the detection range of Triton X‐100 is between 1.0×10−7 and 1.0× 10−4 mol·L−1, with a detection limit at 6.0×10−8 mol·L−1. The relative standard deviation is 2.4% (n=6) for 1.0×10−6 mol·L−1 Triton X‐100. This method provides satisfying results in the detection of TX‐100 in nature water and biological samples with high sensitivity and wide linear range.
A novel peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system based on a hydrophobic fluorescent conjugated polymers has been designed for the high sensitive determination of Triton X‐100.
P3; Taking the source region of the Yellow River as a study area and based on the data from Madoi Meteorological Station and Huangheyan Hydrological Station covering the period 1955-2005, this paper ...analyses the changing trends of surface water resources, climate and frozen ground and reveals their causes. Results show that there exist frequent fluctuations from high to Iow water flow in the 51-year period. In general, the discharge has shown a declining trend in the 51 years especially since the 1990s. The annual distribution shows one peak which, year on year is getting smaller. (1) Precipitation has a significant and sustained influence on discharge. (2) A sharp rise of temperature resulted in the increase of evaporation and the decrease of discharge, which has a greater effect than on ice-snow melting. (3)Frozen ground tends to be degraded markedly. There is a significant positive correlation between the permafrost thickness and the discharge. (4) Evaporation rates are significantly increasing, leading to
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