Understanding how persistent interpersonal difficulties distinctly affect the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) during emerging adulthood is critical, given that early experiences impact ...future coping resources and functioning. Research on stress and MDD has mostly concentrated on stressful life events, while chronic stress largely has not been explored. The present study examined interpersonal (intimate relationship, close friendships, social life, family relationships) and noninterpersonal (academic, work, financial, personal health, and family members' health) domains of chronic stress as time-varying predictors of depressive recurrence in emerging adults. Baseline assessments identified previously depressed emerging adults (N = 119), who subsequently completed 6-month, 12-month and 18-month follow-up interviews to determine chronic stress experiences and onset of new major depressive episodes. Survival analyses indicated that time-varying total chronic stress and chronic interpersonal stress predicted higher risk for depression recurrence; however, chronic noninterpersonal stress was not associated with recurrence. Intimate relationship stress, close friendship stress, family relationship stress, personal health, and family members' health independently predicted MDD recurrence, over and above well-established depression risk factors of dysfunctional cognitions and personality disorder symptoms. Evidence that interpersonal stress could have substantial impact on course of depression is consistent with theories of emerging adulthood, a time when young people are individuating from the family and experiencing significant social transition.
•Higher total chronic stress predicted greater risk for MDD recurrence.•Higher chronic interpersonal stress predicted greater risk for MDD recurrence.•Chronic noninterpersonal stress was not associated with MDD recurrence.•Chronic stress with romantic partners, friends, and family predicted MDD recurrence.
The aim of this study was to examine prospective predictors of suicide events, defined as suicide attempts or emergency interventions to reduce suicide risk, in 119 adolescents admitted to an ...in-patient psychiatric unit for suicidal behaviors and followed naturalistically for 6 months. Method Structured diagnostic interviews and self-report instruments were administered to adolescent participants and their parent(s) to assess demographic variables, history of suicidal behavior, psychiatric disorders, family environment and personality/temperament.
Baseline variables that significantly predicted time to a suicide event during follow-up were Black race, high suicidal ideation in the past month, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), borderline personality disorder (BPD), low scores on positive affectivity, and high scores on aggression. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, only Black race, CSA, positive affect intensity and high aggression scores remained significant.
Our findings suggest the following for adolescent populations: (1) in a very high-risk population, risk factors for future attempts may be more difficult to ascertain and some established risk factors (e.g. past suicide attempt) may not distinguish as well; and (2) cross-cutting constructs (e.g. affective and behavioral dysregulation) that underlie multiple psychiatric disorders may be stronger predictors of recurrent suicide events than psychiatric diagnoses. Our finding with respect to positive affect intensity is novel and may have practical implications for the assessment and treatment of adolescent suicide attempters.
This article critically reviews the evidence that exercise is effective in treating depression in adults. Depression is recognised as a mood state, clinical syndrome and psychiatric condition, and ...traditional methods for assessing depression (e.g. standard interviews, questionnaires) are described. In order to place exercise therapy into context, more established methods for treating clinical depression are discussed. Observational (e.g. cross-sectional and correlational) and interventional studies of exercise are reviewed in healthy adults, those with comorbid medical conditions, and patients with major depression. Potential mechanisms by which exercise may reduce depression are described, and directions for future research in the area are suggested. The available evidence provides considerable support for the value of exercise in reducing depressive symptoms in both healthy and clinical populations. However, many studies have significant methodological limitations. Thus, more data from carefully conducted clinical trials are needed before exercise can be recommended as an alternative to more traditional, empirically validated pharmacological and behavioural therapies.
Determining the amount, chemical form, physical shape, and multiplication of the fissile material in an unknown assembly is a challenging problem that is of great importance in a number of national ...security contexts. The discrimination of plutonium in metal versus oxide form in special nuclear materials is crucial and yet remains a challenge for current methods. It has previously been shown that the α-ratio for un-moderated plutonium oxides can be rapidly determined by comparing the fast neutron spectrum measured with a liquid scintillator with pure fission and (α,n) neutron spectra measured with the same liquid scintillator. In this paper we show that the chemical form can be obtained for moderated nuclear materials using fast neutron detection systems. We describe a new method to distinguish moderated plutonium metal from oxide using liquid scintillators, neutron spectroscopy and neutron correlations.
Having a stress-is-enhancing mindset - the extent to which one believes the effects of stress are enhancing rather than debilitating - is associated with greater health and well-being, and may ...mitigate negative outcomes associated with experiencing stress. The present study aimed to examine stress mindset and whether it moderates the association between perceived stress and mental health outcomes.
Participants (
= 293) completed questionnaires assessing their stress mindset, perceived stress level, and current depressive and anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress and mental health were assessed again at a follow-up session one month later.
Across moderated linear regression analyses, there was a consistent pattern in which higher perceived stress was associated with higher mental health concerns, but the risk was greater for those with a stress-is-debilitating mindset. Stress mindset moderated the perceived stress-depression association at baseline (
= .026), at follow-up (
= .008), and when focusing on change in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up (
= .006).
These results suggest that a stress-is-enhancing mindset mitigates the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in college students faced with high levels of stress. The benefits of introducing emerging adults to an adaptive stress mindset are discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The detection of special nuclear materials (SNM) in commercial cargoes is a major objective in the field of nuclear security. In this work we investigate the use of two-neutron time-correlations from ...photo-fission using the Prompt Neutrons from Photofission (PNPF) detectors in Passport Systems Inc.’s (PSI) Shielded Nuclear Alarm Resolution (SNAR) platform for the purpose of detecting ∼5 kg quantities of fissionable materials in seconds. The goal of this effort was to extend the secondary scan mode of this system to differentiate fissile materials, such as highly enriched uranium, from fissionable materials, such as low enriched and depleted uranium (LEU and DU). Experiments were performed using a variety of material samples, and data were analyzed using the variance-over-mean technique referred to as Y2F or Feynman-α. Results were compared to computational models to improve our ability to predict system performance for distinguishing fissile materials. Simulations were then combined with empirical formulas to generate receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for a variety of shielding scenarios. We show that a 10 second screening with a 200 μA 9 MeV X-ray beam is sufficient to differentiate kilogram quantities of HEU from DU in various shielding scenarios in a standard cargo container.
Background
Major stressful life events are known to predict depression onset, but relatively few studies have examined the interplay of daily stress and negative affect, particularly in clinical ...samples. Preliminary research has been inconclusive whether only current depression is characterized by amplified emotional reactivity to stress, or whether these patterns are equally strong in those with any history of depression.
Methods
Twenty-three participants with current major depression, 38 with remitted depression, and 43 with no history of depression completed 2 weeks of ecological momentary assessment to examine reactivity to perceived stress, negative daily events, and interpersonal versus noninterpersonal daily events.
Results
Currently depressed individuals demonstrated greater reactivity (i.e. greater increases in negative affect) in response to daily perceived stress, relative to previously depressed and never depressed individuals. Furthermore, while previously and never depressed individuals exhibited equal reactivity to interpersonal and noninterpersonal stress, currently depressed participants were particularly sensitive to interpersonal negative events.
Conclusions
These microlongitudinal results extend prior longitudinal evidence of the critical role of interpersonal stress in the course of major depression. The findings emphasize the importance of cognitive interventions that target negative interpretations of daily events.
We describe a new method for determining the ratio of the rate of (α,n) source neutrons to the rate of spontaneous fission neutrons, the so-called α-ratio. This method is made possible by fast ...neutron counting with liquid scintillator detectors, which can determine the shape of the fast neutron spectrum. The method utilizes the spectral difference between fission spectrum neutrons from Pu metal and the spectrum of (α,n) neutrons from PuO2. Our method is a generalization of the Cifarelli–Hage method for determining keff for fissile assemblies, and also simultaneously determines keff along with the α-ratio.
Although there are several recent reviews of the pre-operative factors that influence treatment outcome for bariatric surgery, commensurate efforts to identify and review the predictive validity of ...post-operative variables are lacking. This review describes the post-operative psychosocial predictors of weight loss in bariatric surgery. Results suggest empirical support for post-operative binge eating, uncontrolled eating/grazing, and presence of a depressive disorder as negative predictors of weight loss outcomes; whereas, adherence to dietary and physical activity guidelines emerged as positive predictors of weight loss. With the exception of depression, psychological comorbidities were not consistently associated with weight loss outcomes. Results highlight the need for post-operative assessment of disordered eating and depressive disorder, further research on the predictive value of post-operative psychosocial factors, and development of targeted interventions.
Condition prediction and deterioration forecasts are crucial for long-term planning of water and wastewater systems. Although sufficiently beneficial to inspire full coverage strategies, particularly ...in sewers, inspections are costly and it may be valuable to prioritize them based on correlations between previous results and potentially explanatory factors (e.g., age, material). The paper reports on a detailed application of a Random Forest classification algorithm in the context of a utility's thorough ongoing CCTV inspection program and AM planning, where it has been used both for estimating the importance of potential co-variates in predicting sewer condition and in directing investment in inspections.
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