Structure recovery by part assembly Shen, Chao-Hui; Fu, Hongbo; Chen, Kang ...
ACM transactions on graphics,
11/2012, Letnik:
31, Številka:
6
Journal Article
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This paper presents a technique that allows quick conversion of acquired low-quality data from consumer-level scanning devices to high-quality 3D models with labeled semantic parts and meanwhile ...their assembly reasonably close to the underlying geometry. This is achieved by a novel structure recovery approach that is essentially local to global and bottom up, enabling the creation of new structures by assembling existing labeled parts with respect to the acquired data. We demonstrate that using only a small-scale shape repository, our part assembly approach is able to faithfully recover a variety of high-level structures from only a single-view scan of man-made objects acquired by the Kinect system, containing a highly noisy, incomplete 3D point cloud and a corresponding RGB image.
Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are non-invasive in situ treatments without depth limitations and with minimum adverse effects on surrounding healthy tissue. We ...herein report a mitochondria-targeting magnetothermogenic nanozyme (Ir@MnFe2O4 NPs) for highly efficient cancer therapy. An iridium(III) complex (Ir) acts as a mitochondria-targeting agent on the surface of MnFe2O4 NPs. On exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), the Ir@MnFe2O4 NPs induce a localized increase in temperature causing mitochondrial damage (MHT effect). Meanwhile glutathione (GSH) reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) on the NPs surface, which in turn catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 to cytotoxic •OH (CDT effect). The depletion of GSH (a •OH scavenger) increases CDT efficacy, while the localized increase in temperature increases the rate of conversion of both Fe(III) to Fe(II) and H2O2 to •OH further enhancing the CDT effect. In addition, the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis due to CDT, leads to greater sensitivity of the cell towards MHT. This nanoplatform integrates these excellent therapeutic properties, with two-photon microscopy (TPM) (demonstrated in vitro) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (demonstrated in vivo) to enable the precise and effective treatment of cancer.
Mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles (Ir@MnFe2O4 NPs) have been synthesized for cancer treatment. The nanoparticles combine magnetic-hyperthermal therapy (MHT) with chemodynamic therapy (CDT), generating localized temperature increase and cytotoxic •OH under an alternating magnetic field. The NPs can also be used for two-photon microscopy and MRI. This nanoplatform blends MHT, CDT and imaging for the potent and precise therapy of cancer. Display omitted
In the present study, we assessed the clinical value of circulating tumor cells (CTC) with stem-like phenotypes for diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related ...hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by an optimized qPCR-based detection platform.
Differing subsets of CTCs were investigated, and a multimarker diagnostic CTC panel was constructed in a multicenter patient study with independent validation (total
= 1,006), including healthy individuals and patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), benign hepatic lesion (BHL), and HBV-related HCC, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) reflecting diagnostic accuracy. The role of the CTC panel in treatment response surveillance and its prognostic significance were further investigated.
The AUC of the CTC panel was 0.88 in the training set sensitivity = 72.5%, specificity = 95.0%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 92.4, negative predictive value (NPV) = 77.8 and 0.93 in the validation set (sensitivity = 82.1%, specificity = 94.2%, PPV = 89.9, NPV = 89.3). This panel performed equally well in detecting early-stage and α-fetoprotein-negative HCC, as well as differentiating HCC from CHB, LC, and BHL. The CTC load was decreased significantly after tumor resection, and patients with persistently high CTC load showed a propensity of tumor recurrence after surgery. The prognostic significance of the CTC panel in predicting tumor recurrence was further confirmed training: HR = 2.692; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.617-4.483;
< 0.001; and validation: HR = 3.127; 95% CI, 1.360-7.190;
= 0.007.
Our CTC panel showed high sensitivity and specificity in HCC diagnosis and could be a real-time parameter for risk prediction and treatment monitoring, enabling early decision-making to tailor effective antitumor strategies.
.
Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. Machine learning techniques were introduced to evaluate the optimal predictive clinical model of ...NAFLD. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed with subjects who attended a health examination at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Questionnaires, laboratory tests, physical examinations, and liver ultrasonography were employed. Machine learning techniques were then implemented using the open source software Weka. The tasks included feature selection and classification. Feature selection techniques built a screening model by removing the redundant features. Classification was used to build a prediction model, which was evaluated by the F-measure. 11 state-of-the-art machine learning techniques were investigated. Results. Among the 10,508 enrolled subjects, 2,522 (24%) met the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD. By leveraging a set of statistical testing techniques, BMI, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT), the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and uric acid were the top 5 features contributing to NAFLD. A 10-fold cross-validation was used in the classification. According to the results, the Bayesian network model demonstrated the best performance from among the 11 different techniques. It achieved accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and F-measure scores of up to 83%, 0.878, 0.675, and 0.655, respectively. Compared with logistic regression, the Bayesian network model improves the F-measure score by 9.17%. Conclusion. Novel machine learning techniques may have screening and predictive value for NAFLD.
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the poorest prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes and is one of the most fatal diseases for women. Combining cytotoxic chemotherapy with immunotherapy has ...shown great promise for TNBC treatment. However, chemotherapy often leads to the development of chemoresistance and severe systemic toxicity compromising the immune functions that are crucial to anti-TNBC immune therapy. Tumor-induced immunosuppression also poses a great hindrance to efficacious anti-TNBC immunotherapy. Nanomedicine holds great promise to overcome these hurdles.
Doxorubicin-polyglycerol-nanodiamond conjugate (Nano-DOX) was firstly found to be a cytostatic agent to the 4T1 cells and displayed a lower apparent therapeutic potency than DOX. However, the tumor-bearing animals, particularly some key immune cells thereof, showed good tolerance of Nano-DOX as opposed to the severe toxicity of DOX. Next, Nano-DOX did not induce significant upregulation of P-gp and IL-6, which were demonstrated to be key mediators of chemoresistance to DOX in the 4T1 cells. Then, Nano-DOX was shown to downregulate tumor-derived granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and suppresses the induction and tissue filtration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are the principal effectors of cancer-associated systemic immunosuppression. Nano-DOX also alleviated the phenotype of MDSCs induced by 4T1 cells. Finally, Nano-DOX induced the 4T1 cells to emit damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that stimulated the tumor immune microenvironment through activating key immune effector cells involved in anti-tumor immunity, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes in the tumor tissue.
Nano-DOX is a cytostatic agent with good host tolerance which is capable of evading chemoresistance and reversing cancer-induced immunosuppression both at the systemic level and in the tumor microenvironment in TNBC. Our work presents Nano-DOX as an interesting example that a chemotherapeutic agent in nano-form may possess distinct biochemical properties from its free form, which can be exploited to join chemotherapy with immunotherapy for better treatment of cancer.
The study was performed to evaluate the effects of the reduced lactate production by sodium oxamate (SO) on growth performance, lactate and glucose and lipid metabolism, and glucose tolerance of
fed ...high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets. In in vitro study, primary hepatocytes were incubated for 48 h in a control medium (5.5 mM glucose), a high-glucose medium (25 mM glucose, HG), or a SO-containing high-glucose medium (25 mM glucose + 50 mM SO, HG-SO). Results indicated lactate and triglyceride (TG) levels, and lactate dehydrogenase a (LDH-a) expression in the HG-SO group were remarkably lower than those of the HG group. In in vivo study,
(5.23 ± 0.03 g) were fed four diets containing a control diet (10% CHO, C) and three SO contents 0 (HC), 100 (HC-SO1), and 200 (HC-SO2) mg·kg
, respectively of high-CHO diets (20% CHO) for 11 wk. High-CHO diets significantly reduced weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), p-AMPK-to-t-AMPK ratio, and expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α) compared with the C group, whereas the opposite was true for plasma levels of glucose, TG, lactate, tissue glycogen, and lipid contents, and expression of LDH-a, monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), insulin, glucokinase (GK), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit (PDH), sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS). The HC-SO2 diets remarkably increased WGR, SGR, p-AMPK-to-t-AMPK ratio, and expression of IRS1, IGF-I, IGF-IR, GK, PDHα, PDHβ, FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), PPARα, and CPT1α compared with the HC group. Besides, HC-SO2 diets also enhanced glucose tolerance of fish after a glucose loading. Overall, the reduced lactate production by SO benefits growth performance and glucose homeostasis of high-CHO-fed
through the enhancement of glycolysis, lipogenesis, and fatty acid β-oxidation coupled with the suppression of glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis.
Efforts should be made to develop a deep-learning diagnosis system to distinguish pancreatic cancer from benign tissue due to the high morbidity of pancreatic cancer.
To identify pancreatic cancer in ...computed tomography (CT) images automatically by constructing a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier.
A CNN model was constructed using a dataset of 3494 CT images obtained from 222 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer and 3751 CT images from 190 patients with normal pancreas from June 2017 to June 2018. We established three datasets from these images according to the image phases, evaluated the approach in terms of binary classification (
., cancer or not) and ternary classification (
., no cancer, cancer at tail/body, cancer at head/neck of the pancreas) using 10-fold cross validation, and measured the effectiveness of the model with regard to the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
The overall diagnostic accuracy of the trained binary classifier was 95.47%, 95.76%, 95.15% on the plain scan, arterial phase, and venous phase, respectively. The sensitivity was 91.58%, 94.08%, 92.28% on three phases, with no significant differences (
= 0.914,
= 0.633). Considering that the plain phase had same sensitivity, easier access, and lower radiation compared with arterial phase and venous phase , it is more sufficient for the binary classifier. Its accuracy on plain scans was 95.47%, sensitivity was 91.58%, and specificity was 98.27%. The CNN and board-certified gastroenterologists achieved higher accuracies than trainees on plain scan diagnosis (
= 21.534,
< 0.001;
= 9.524,
< 0.05; respectively). However, the difference between CNN and gastroenterologists was not significant (
= 0.759,
= 0.384). In the trained ternary classifier, the overall diagnostic accuracy of the ternary classifier CNN was 82.06%, 79.06%, and 78.80% on plain phase, arterial phase, and venous phase, respectively. The sensitivity scores for detecting cancers in the tail were 52.51%, 41.10% and, 36.03%, while sensitivity for cancers in the head was 46.21%, 85.24% and 72.87% on three phases, respectively. Difference in sensitivity for cancers in the head among the three phases was significant (
= 16.651,
< 0.001), with arterial phase having the highest sensitivity.
We proposed a deep learning-based pancreatic cancer classifier trained on medium-sized datasets of CT images. It was suitable for screening purposes in pancreatic cancer detection.
To investigate the relationship between the gut-liver axis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotic therapy in NAFLD.
We ...searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedicine Database for all relevant randomized controlled trials on probiotics in patients with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.
Four randomized trials involving 134 NAFLD/NASH patients were included. The results showed that probiotic therapy significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total-cholesterol (T-chol), high density lipoprotein (HDL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ALT: weighted mean difference (WMD) -23.71, 95%CI: -33.46--13.95, P < 0.00001; AST: WMD -19.77, 95%CI: -32.55--7.00, P = 0.002; T-chol: WMD -0.28, 95%CI: -0.55--0.01, P = 0.04; HDL: WMD -0.09, 95%CI: -0.16-0.01, P = 0.03; TNF-α: WMD -0.32, 95%CI: -0.48--0.17, P < 0.0001; HOMA-IR: WMD -0.46, 95%CI: -0.73--0.19, P = 0.0008. However, the use of probiotics was not associated with changes in body mass index (BMI), glucose (GLU) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (BMI: WMD 0.05, 95%CI: -0.18-0.29, P = 0.64; GLU: WMD 0.05, 95%CI: -0.25-0.35, P = 0.76; LDL: WMD -0.38, 95%CI: -0.78-0.02, P = 0.06).
Probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. Modulation of the gut microbiota represents a new treatment for NAFLD.
College sports serving national fitness are a complex system. College sports are an important part of national fitness. Basketball curriculum, as a subsystem of college sports, has always been loved ...by college students. The reform of college basketball curriculum mode is an important way to explore the coordinated evolution of college sports subsystem. Through the methods of questionnaire, interview, and mathematical statistics, aiming at the problems existing in the planning and design of basketball curriculum objectives and contents in colleges and universities, this study puts forward that it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable basketball special curriculum objective system and then combine the basketball curriculum teaching theory with the basketball training teaching mode, to cultivate students’ practical application ability, and adopt a variety of teaching methods to cultivate students’ practical ability. Finally, the teaching mode of basketball is improved. Through an example, the application effect of the basketball curriculum model under the background of national fitness proposed in this study is tested. The results show that the basketball curriculum teaching model proposed in this study has certain feasibility and effectiveness.
Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors challenging the global poultry industry. Identifying the genes responsible for heat tolerance is fundamentally important for direct breeding ...programs. To uncover the genetic basis underlying the ambient temperature adaptation of chickens, we analyzed a total of 59 whole genomes from indigenous chickens that inhabit South Asian tropical regions and temperate regions from Northern China. We applied FST and π-ratio to scan selective sweeps and identified 34 genes with a signature of positive selection in chickens from tropical regions. Several of these genes are functionally implicated in metabolism (FABP2, RAMP3, SUGCT, and TSHR) and vascular smooth muscle contractility (CAMK2), and they may be associated with adaptation to tropical regions. In particular, we found a missense mutation in thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (41020238:G>A) that shows significant differences in allele frequency between the chicken populations of the two regions. To evaluate whether the missense mutation in TSHR could enhance the heat tolerance of chickens, we constructed segregated chicken populations and conducted heat stress experiments using homozygous mutations (AA) and wild-type (GG) chickens. We found that GG chickens exhibited significantly higher concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase than AA chickens under heat stress (35 ± 1°C) conditions (P < 0.05). These results suggest that TSHR (41020238:G>A) can facilitate heat tolerance and adaptation to higher ambient temperature conditions in tropical climates. Overall, our results provide potential candidate genes for molecular breeding of heat-tolerant chickens.
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