Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an endemic neoplasm in southern China. Although NPC sufferers are sensitive to radiotherapy, 20-30% of patients finally progress with recurrence and metastases. ...Elevated lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been reported to be associated with favorable prognosis in some hematology malignancies, but has not been studied in NPC. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether LMR could predict the prognosis of NPC patients.
A retrospective cohort of 1,547 non-metastatic NPC patients was recruited between January 2005 and June 2008. The counts for peripheral lymphocyte and monocyte were retrieved, and the LMR was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazards analyses were applied to evaluate the associations of LMR with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), respectively.
Univariate analysis revealed that higher LMR level (≥ 5.220) was significantly associated with superior OS, DFS and DMFS (P values <0.001). The higher lymphocyte count (≥ 2.145 × 10(9)/L) was significantly associated with better OS (P = 0.002) and DMFS (P = 0.031), respectively, while the lower monocyte count (<0.475 × 10(9)/L) was associated with better OS (P = 0.012), DFS (P = 0.011) and DMFS (P = 0.003), respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that higher LMR level was a significantly independent predictor for superior OS (hazard ratio or HR = 0.558, 95% confidence interval or 95% CI = 0.417-0.748; P<0.001), DFS (HR = 0.669, 95% CI = 0.535-0.838; P<0.001) and DMFS (HR = 0.543, 95% CI = 0.403-0.732; P<0.001), respectively. The advanced T and N stages were also independent indicators for worse OS, DFS, and DMFS, except that T stage showed borderline statistical significance for DFS (P = 0.053) and DMFS (P = 0.080).
The elevated pretreatment peripheral LMR level was a significant favorable factor for NPC prognosis and this easily accessed variable may serve as a potent marker to predict the outcomes of NPC patients.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Conduct a series of experiments and simulations on cracking process of the brittle sandstone specimens with different shapes of holes.•Analyze the effect of the shape of hole on the uniaxial ...compression strength and failure behavior of brittle sandstone by experiment.•Reveal the crack evolution mechanism of brittle sandstone containing different shapes of holes by force distribution.
Defects, such as joints, fissures and holes, are common in natural rocks. These pre-existing defects have significant effects on the mechanical properties of rock masses. Researchers have performed several studies on jointed or fissured rocks; however, rock specimens with one hole of different shapes have not been studied systematically. In this research, the mechanical properties and cracking behaviors of specimens with a hole under uniaxial compressive loading are explored through laboratory experiments. The corresponding numerical simulations using two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D) are conducted and the force field distribution before and during cracking, which is significant for exposing the cracking mechanism but hard to be measured in laboratory tests, were captured. The results demonstrate that the shape of hole has a considerable impact on the uniaxial compression strength and failure mode but minimal effects on the elastic modulus. The force field distribution before crack initiation varies with the shape of the pre-existing hole, and differences primarily exist in the configuration of the pure tension triangle and the low force region. During compressive loading, the crack initiation and propagation are influenced by the force field distribution, which will be affected by the newly formed cracks in return. The macro-cracks, generated in the specimens with a hole under compression, can be assigned to two categories: tension-induced cracks and compression-induced cracks. The former type of crack is typically thin and comparatively orderly, and it generally propagates along the maximum loading direction. The latter type of crack is relatively disorderly and thick, and it typically forms from the coalescence of several short but thick cracks. The compression-induced crack is a mixture of tension and shear cracks whereas the tension-induced crack is a pure tension crack.
The long-term deformation and permeability evolution with time are key issues for geo-engineering applications such as radioactive waste disposal. Rock permeability concurrent with deformation is ...significantly influenced by cracking. This study investigated the creep-permeability evolution behavior of red sandstone specimens containing a single fissure under a confining pressure of 30 MPa. First, the effects of stress ratio (SR) and fissure dip angle on the creep behavior of rock were investigated. The more loading/unloading cyclic numbers, the larger the irrecoverable axial deformation. The instant elastic strains and visco-elastic strains linearly increased with SR for both the intact and fissured specimens, whereas the instant plastic strains showed different results. The visco-plastic strains nonlinearly increased. For fissured and intact specimens, the creep strains and the steady-state creep rates nonlinearly increased as SR increased. The instantaneous strains, instant elastic strains, and visco-elastic strains slightly varied when the fissure dip angle was less than 45° but notably decreased with increasing fissure dip angle beyond 45°. However, the fissure dip angle had no obvious effects on the plastic and creep strains. Damage (D) was defined using the ratio of non-elastic strains to the total strain. D increased approximately linearly with SR, but the fissure dip angle had no obvious influences. Subsequently, the long-term strength (LTS) of the red sandstone was determined using two different methods. The LTS first decreased when the fissure dip angle increased from 0 to 45° but increased with increasing dip angle. The triaxial and creep failure modes were mainly shear along anti-wing cracks for the fissured specimens but shear failure occurred for the intact specimen. Moreover, the permeability of the fissured red sandstone was governed by SR and deformation or time. During the multi-step loading/unloading creep process, the permeability first decreased and then had a sudden rise when tertiary creep occurred.
Exploring an effective way to convert biomass waste into highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts will not only benefit alleviating environmental management pressure, but also ...open up new ways for the development of alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts. Although the traditional pyrolysis conversion method has been proved to be stable and feasible, the low electrocatalytic activity of the product and the cumbersome post‐treatment process make it difficult to be popularized. Here, we report an effective method to overcome the mentioned drawbacks: the introduction of g‐C3N4. The experimental results confirm that g‐C3N4 can be used as a multifunctional template for adjusting the morphology and providing N source. More importantly, it will decompose at 700 °C and avoid post‐treatment of residues. The pyrolysis products assisted by g‐C3N4 exhibit similar ORR performances to commercial Pt/C, including onset potential of 0.963 V (vs. RHE), half‐wave potential of 0.835 V (vs. RHE) and limiting current density of 6.35 mA ⋅ cm−2. Impressively, the product displayed outstanding performance on output power density (107 mW ⋅ cm−2) and discharge performance at different current densities as the air electrode of zinc‐air battery, which even superior to that of commercial Pt/C. This study elucidated the functional role of g‐C3N4 in reaction system and facilitated the development of more efficient biomass waste‐based ORR electrocatalysts.
Biomass waste‐derived electrocatalyst: A biomass waste‐derived N‐doped honeycomb‐like carbon electrocatalyst by one‐step pyrolysis. g‐C3N4 is used as a multifunctional template to control the morphology of the catalyst and provide a source of N. The catalyst delivers remarkable ORR activity and zinc‐air battery performance with fast discharge and higher current density.
Organic chemical reactions cause the temperature rising during coal oxidation; however, because of the complex structure of coal, it is difficult to analyze and characterize the reactions involved in ...coal low-temperature oxidation. To date, a main reaction pathway describing the heating progress during coal oxidation has not been proposed. Here, a series of cyclic chain reactions is presented to describe the oxidation mechanism during coal spontaneous combustion using quantum chemistry calculations. Main active sites and their molecular models were built. Three interactive modes of active orbitals and detailed reaction sequences of coal oxidation are proposed. The structural parameters and thermodynamic data were calculated and the orders of reactions for transformations between functional groups were identified based on their activation energies. The reaction pathway was constructed based on functional transformation relationships and the order of reactions. The results show that main reactions occurring during coal oxidation can be defined as the reactions of oxygen and hydroxide free radicals reacting with coal active sites. Methyne and carbon free radicals reacting with oxygen is the initial reaction during coal oxidation. The decomposition of peroxides linking the reaction pathway form cyclic chain. Hydroxyl and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals as key of chain reactions consumes coal active sites and oxygen continuously. Aliphatic hydrocarbons appear to contribute more to heat release during coal oxidation due to greater heat release and lower activation energy of their reactions. Limited spontaneous reactions maintain constant apparent activation energy for the oxidation until the chain reactions are generated; the apparent activation energy then increases. Low-ranking coals have higher apparent activation energies during oxidation due to more oxygen-containing groups and side chains contain more reactions with higher activation energy. Results from this study can improve understanding of mechanism of coal oxidation and provide a guide to forecasting and preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in underground coal mines or coal stockpiles.
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•A novel F-doped Nb2O5 with hierarchical structure was prepared.•The photocatalytic activities of removal RhB by F-doped hierarchical Nb2O5 were studied.•The optical properties of ...F-doped hierarchical Nb2O5 were explored.•The adsorption and activation characteristics of F-doped hierarchical Nb2O5 for oxygen molecules were investigated.
A novel F-doped Nb2O5 with hierarchical structure (F-NbO) was designed to explore the photocatalytic activity. Compared to pure Nb2O5, F-NbO exhibits excellent characteristics in terms of light absorption ability, photogenerated charge separation efficiency, and surface O2 molecule adsorption. F-NbO was applied to dye wastewater treatment, which shows good photodegradation ability and catalytic stability. The related work has enriched the research scope of Nb2O5-based photocatalysts.
Copper‐based metal halide scintillators have received increasing attention due to their high light yield and nontoxicity. However, the synthetic methods are still not feasible for actual ...commercialization for the difficulty in scaling up and the absence of green chemical footprint. Herein, we report a new, simple, aqueous synthetic method for the mass production of highly purified and crystallized Cs3Cu2Cl5 powder by a room‐temperature reaction between a saturated aqueous solution of CsCl and a saturated hydrochloric acid solution of CuCl. The product exhibits a photoluminence peak centering at 527 nm (FWHM = 106.7 nm) and a quantum yield (PLQY) of 97%. A prototype X‐ray imaging detector is fabricated by coupling a large area scintillation screen prepared by blade coating of Cs3Cu2Cl5 powder and a commercial thin‐film transistor (TFT) panel (16 cm × 13 cm, 125 µm pixel size) with readout circuit. The device exhibits a high spatial resolution of 4 lp mm−1, exceeding the theoretical limit of the TFT panel, and an excellent dynamic imaging ability. In short, this work demonstrates an efficient novel synthetic method of Cs3Cu2Cl5 and its application as X‐ray imaging device, providing an applicable solution for its future commercialization.
An aqueous phase synthesis method is proposed which can easily scale up and mass produce Cs3Cu2Cl5. The Cs3Cu2Cl5 film combined with a 125 µm pixel size thin‐film transistor (TFT) panel proves for the first time that the combination of copper‐based halides and X‐ray imaging detector has good static and dynamic imaging ability, and the resolution reaches the design upper limit of 4 lp mm−1.
There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, treatment patterns, and drug selections between gastric cancer patients ...from the Eastern and Western countries. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually. Taking into account regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China. The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up, and screening of gastric cancer. Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines, this updated guideline integrates the results of major clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year, focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations. For the comprehensive treatment of non‐metastatic gastric cancer, attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment. The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated. For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer, recommendations for immunotherapy were included, and immune checkpoint inhibitors from third‐line to the first‐line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile the clinical guideline for gastric cancer in 2016 and then renewed it every year. The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for gastric cancer covered the diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up and screening.
The application of Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction to forge the atropisomeric biaryls has seen remarkable progress but exploration of this chemistry to directly forge chiral C(aryl)‐C(alkene) axis ...is underdeveloped. The replacement of arene substrates by alkenes intensifies the challenges in terms of reactivity, configurational atropostability of product and selectivity control. By meticulous ligand design and fine‐tuning of reaction parameters, we identified a highly active 3,3′‐triphenylsilyl‐substituted phosphite ligand to realize arene‐alkene Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of hindered aryl halides and vinyl boronates under very mild conditions. The axially chiral acyclic aryl‐alkenes were generated in commendable efficiency, enantioselectivity and E/Z selectivity.
The construction of axially chiral acyclic aryl‐alkene skeletons via classic Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has been challenging compared to the biaryls. Rational optimization established an enabling 3,3′‐triphenylsilyl‐substituted phosphite ligand for asymmetric coupling of hindered aryl halides and vinyl boronates under mild conditions, affording the acyclic aryl‐alkenes in good yield, atroposelectivity and E/Z selectivity.
A novel electromagnetic bandgap power/ground (P/G) network is proposed by using λ/4 open stub resonators for the broadband suppression of the simultaneous switching noise. Since three λ/4 open stub ...resonators are linked to the bridge between the two cells as bandstop filter, the high‐order mode resonances can be effectively suppressed. The proposed P/G network is analyzed by the cavity modes, simulated by the full‐wave simulator, and validated by the measurement. A broadband simultaneous switching noise suppression from 0.6 to 7.6 GHz is achieved. Additionally, in comparison with the reference boards, the radiated emission has less electromagnetic interference, which validates the advantage of the proposed electromagnetic bandgap P/G network.
A novel electromagnetic bandgap power/ground (P/G) network is proposed by using λ/4 open stub resonators for the broadband suppression of the simultaneous switching noise. Since three λ/4 open stub resonators are linked to the bridge between the two cells as bandstop filter, the high‐order mode resonances can be effectively suppressed.
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