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► Metallic NPs are synthesized for the first time using
Anacardium occidentale. ► Both leaf extract and powder are used for the biosynthesis. ► Formation of Au core–Ag shell ...bimetallic nanoparticles is reported. ► The possible bio-molecule responsible for reduction and stabilization is suggested. ► The method is a simple, efficient and environment-friendly approach.
Present study reports a green chemistry approach for the biosynthesis of Au, Ag, Au–Ag alloy and Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using the aqueous extract and dried powder of
Anacardium occidentale leaf. The effects of quantity of extract/powder, temperature and pH on the formation of nanoparticles are studied. The nanoparticles are characterized using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopies, XRD, HRTEM and SAED analyses. XRD studies show that the particles are crystalline in the cubic phase. The formation of Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles is evidenced by the dark core and light shell images in TEM and is supported by the appearance of two SPR bands in the UV–vis spectrum. FTIR spectra of the leaf powder before and after the bioreduction of nanoparticles are used to identify possible functional groups responsible for the reduction and capping of nanoparticles. Water soluble biomolecules like polyols and proteins are expected to bring about the bio-reduction.
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► Rapid green synthesis of very small Pd nanoparticles is reported. ► Powdered leaf of Anacardium occidentale is used for the synthesis. ► The nanoparticles are crystalline in the ...cubic phase. ► The nanoparticles are spherical with size in the range 2–5nm. ► Polyols reduce Pd2+ and the stabilize the nanoparticles.
A rapid, one pot and biogenic fabrication of Pd nanoparticles is reported. Pd nanoparticles of size below 5nm size are synthesized using the dried leaf powder of Anacardium occidentale. Rapid reduction results in the formation of spherical particles. The nanoparticles are characterized by XRD, TEM, UV–visible and FTIR analysis. The absorption spectra have continua which are characteristic of Pd nanoparticles. The broad nature of the XRD pattern arising due to reflections from the (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) planes indicate crystallinity of the nanoparticles with face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The morphology and shape of the nanoparticles are obtained by analyzing TEM images. Most of the nanoparticles are spherical with size in the range 2.5 and 4.5nm. FTIR spectra of dried Pd nanoparticles, native and treated dried leaf powder have been analyzed to find out the biomolecule responsible for the reduction of Pd2+ and capping of the palladium nanoparticles. The possible mechanism of formation of the nanoparticles is suggested.
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•Dried leaf powder of Anacardium occidentale is used for the synthesis.•The nanoparticles are found to be irregular rod shaped.•Hydroxyl reduction followed by protein stabilization is ...suggested.•Catalytic activity is demonstrated using 4-nitrophenol.•Enhancement of thermal conductivity is observed using the colloid.
An environment friendly approach for the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) using dried leaf powder of Anacardium occidentale is reported. The formation of Pt NPs is monitored using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra reveal that proteins are bound to Pt nanoparticles. TEM images show irregular rod shaped particles which are crystalline. The quantity of leaf powder plays a vital role in determining the size of particles. Synthesized NPs exhibit good catalytic activity in the reduction of aromatic nitrocompound. The effective thermal conductivity of synthesized Pt/water nanofluid has been measured and found to be enhanced to a good extent.
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► Phytosynthesis of Au NPs using essential oil extracted from a plant leaf is reported for the first time. ► At elevated temperature the absorption band shows asymmetry in the long ...wavelength region. ► The NPs synthesized at room temperature are more mono-dispersed and hexagonal than that synthesized at higher temperature. ► Possible reaction mechanism is suggested using FTIR spectroscopy. ► Synthesized NPs are used for the catalysis of aromatic nitro compound.
A new phytochemical method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is reported. The essential oils extracted from the fresh leaves of Anacardium occidentale are used for the reduction of auric acid to Au nanoparticles (NPs). The formation and morphology of synthesized NPs are investigated with the help of UV–visible, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The NPs synthesized at room temperature are mono-dispersed and hexagonal in shape with an average size of 36nm while those prepared at higher temperature are composed of a mixture of anisotropic particles. The UV–visible absorption spectra of these anisotropic NPs show asymmetry in the longer wavelength side. The quantity of oil is an important criterion modulating the shape of NPs. Possible biochemical mechanism leading to the formation of NPs is studied using FTIR spectroscopy. The potential of synthesized Au NPs as catalyst is explored for the hydrogenation of p-nitro phenol to p-amino phenol at room temperature.
Background: Case finding for frailty is recommended as part of routine clinical practice. We aimed to test feasibility and acceptability of three recommended case finding tools in primary care as ...part of an integrated seniors’ program. Method: Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy-7 (PRISMA-7), 4-m walk test, and electronic frailty index (eFI) were used as frailty case finding tools for a target population of community-dwelling seniors ≥65 years of age enrolled in a seniors’ program within an academic primary care clinic in Alberta, Canada. Feasibility was measured by percent completion rate and requirements for training/equipment/space/time, and acceptability by health care providers was measured using focus groups. Results: Eighty-five patients underwent case finding and 16 health care providers participated in the focus groups. Completion rate for PRISMA-7, 4-m walk test, and eFI was 97.6%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. No special training or equipment was required for PRISMA-7; brief training, equipment, and space were required for 4-m walk test. Both tools took less than 5 min to complete. Despite eFI requiring 10 to 20 min/patient chart, providers found it less intrusive. Conclusion: Despite feasibility of the tests, acceptance was higher for tools with minimal clinic interruption, low requirements for resources, and those with added benefit.
A field research was conducted at Makariki Experimental Farm, Moluccas Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology, Central Moluccas. The study aims to know the effect of tillage systems and ...fertilization for increase of growth and yield of yam’s local tuber (Dioscorea esculenta). Experiments using split plot design with 20 treatments and three replications. The main plot were tillage system consisted of four tillage systems, ie: (A1) Minimum Tillage + Single Mound/”Kuming”; (A2) Minimum Tillage + Lenghtwise Mound/”Guludan”; (A3) Intensive Tillage + Single Mound, and (A4) Intensive Tillage + Lenghtwise Mound, sub plots were fertilization, consisting of (B0) Without fertilizeration; (B1) Complete NPK Fertilization (135 kg N +135 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K2O/ha), (B2) NP Fertilization (135 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 /ha), (B3) NK Fertilization (135 kg N + 135 kg K2O/ha), and (B4) PK Fertilization (90 kg P2O5 + 135 kg K20/ha). Sub plot size 4 m x 3 m with spacing of 100 cm x 75 cm. Source of fertilizer N, P and K in a row came from Urea, TSP, and KCl. Fertilizer N and K are given three times, i.e. the one third dose given at age 10 dap (days after planting), one third dose at age 30 dap and the rest one third dose at age 60 dap, whereas the P fertilizer entirely given at age 10 dap. The results showed that the tillage system and fertilization in single influence on growth, yield components and yield per hectare of yam’s local tuber, but both are no significant interactions. Intensive tillage system, followed by creating lenghtwise mound influence the growth and yield components as well as providing the highest yield of yam’s local tuber (19.97 t/ha). Complete NPK fertilization (135 kg N +135 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K2O/ha) also provides a real influence on the growth and yield components as well as providing the highest yield of yam’s local tuber (21.86 t/ha) and not significantly different compared to the NK fertilization (135 kg N + 135 kg K2O/ha) which consist of 19.58 t/ha.
The composition of males and females is very influential on the productivity of nutmeg plants. This research aimed to get the composition of male, female, and shade types related to the productivity ...of the nutmeg plant in the center of nutmeg in Maluku. Nested Design Three-Factor. Production centers are divided: Large Island, Medium Island and Small Island, determined as Factor A. Data on the number of trees Ratio male: female as factor B (B1 = ratio <1:10); (B2 = ratio 1:10 - 1:15); and (B3 = ratio> 1:20). Minimum of five female nutmeg samples for observation of production in a layered (Proportional Stratified Random Sample) harvest season in a year as a replication, namely Harvest I; Harvest II; and Harvest III. The results showed that the natural sex ratio of nutmeg was 1:10 in Small Island, Medium Island, and Big Island. The average productivity of nutmeg was 1,494, 1,465, and 1,296 fruit/tree/year, respectively. The farming system in Small Island was a monoculture of 100% shade plants, while in Medium and Big Island, the farming system was 33% - 50% shade plants and 50% - 67% other perennial crops.
Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is a tuber of the type (clan) Dioscorea as a 27 - 37% carbohydrate producer and has a nutritional composition that varies according to species. The research was ...conducted from May to December 2019 in Tanimbar Island Regency, Maluku. Using the method of observation and description. The morphological character of the five local accessions showed that the characters of the same plant species were singular and striking, namely the presence of roots on the tuber surface and the location of the roots on the tuber surface. There were spines on the tuber surface, and the weight of the tubers of the five accessions averaged 1.71-2, 72 kg higher than the highest collection at the Genetic Research and Development Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, namely accessions R 506 (Lokal Tanatoraja) and R 601 (Lokal Manukan) which only weighed 1,000 g. The five accessions of the Gembili plant have the potential to be developed as an alternative food.
Millet (Setaria italica (L) Beauv.) is classified as a cereal plant, potentially developed as an alternative food ingredient to support food self-sufficiency in the region and nationally. The study ...was carried in Waeperang, Lilialy Subdistrict, Buru Regency in 2017 with the aim of obtaining recommendation for technology package for millet-based double cropping that was able to increase productivity > 20%. The study was carried out with an adaptive approach, field trial approach, and dry land agroecosystem approach, using Randomized Block Design with four treatments and repeated five times (farmers as replications). Four treatments were tested, namely: (1) Technology of Existing Planting Pattern (Millet - Peanuts - Fallow), (2) Technology of Improved Farmer Planting Pattern (Millet + Corn - Peanuts - Fallow), (3) Technology of Introducing I Planting Pattern (Millet + Corn - Peanuts - Mungbeans) and (4) Technology of Introducing II Planting Pattern (Millet + Corn/Cassava - Peanuts - Mungbeans). The results of the study indicated that the multiple cropping pattern based on millet can increase productivity of millet compared to monoculture. Intercropping of millet, namely Introduction I Planting Pattern (C Pattern): Millet + Corn - Peanuts - Mungbeans and Introduction II Planting Pattern (D Pattern): Millet + Corn/Cassava - Peanuts - Mungbeans can increase the productivity of millet crops are 23.04% and 51.55%, respectively. Introduction D Pattern (Millet + Corn/Cassava - Peanuts - Mungbeans) can be recommended as a double cropping pattern on dry land in Moluccas, and support dimensions of a food security, i.e access, availability, utilization and stability of food.
This study on the adaptation of superior and local upland rice on dry climate was carried out from July to October 2017 at the West Southeast Moluccas Main Seed Center involving 15 members of the ...Webat Farmer Groups. The aim of this study was to obtain adaptive superior and local varieties that could potentially be developed in dry climates (dry land) in the region. Field assessments were done usinged a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments (superior and local varieties of upland rice) and repeated three times. The five superior varieties assessed were Towuti, Inpago 8, Inpago 9, Inpago 10, and Inpago 11 and the three local varieties used were Red Tanimbar, White Tanimbar, and Black Tanimbar. The results of the study showed that the average productivity of superior new varieties of upland rice higher yields (2.03 t ha-1) compared to local varieties (1.24 t ha-1), revealing a yield increase of 63.71 %. Results suggest that there are five varieties of upland rice that have potential to be developed in the West Southeast Moluccas Border Region, namely Inpago 9, Inpago 10, and Inpago 11 (superior new varieties), and Red Tanimbar and White Tanimbar (local varieties). However, the yields obtained in this assessment are still low because the number of productive tillers is also low. This could be due to low plant density caused by the very small number of seeds used per planting hole, and the effect of legowo 2: 1 planting system with a very wide.
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