This study investigated the quality of sibling relationships and sibling deviancy in a sample of children at-risk for substance use and antisocial behavior. Based on a history of empirical and ...theoretical models suggesting strong associations between children's development in the context of relationships and the emergence of delinquency and drug use, this research extends previous efforts by including sibling relationships in this developmental model, linking siblings with later substance use. Sibling relationship quality as well as peer deviance were examined using a multirater, multimethod assessment procedure. We tested 3 constructs (deviancy, warmth, and conflict) related to sibling behavior. Only sibling deviance and peer deviance directly predicted substance use. When both sibling deviance and peer deviance were examined as predictors of changes in substance use over time, only sibling deviance was significant. Implications for the development of substance use behavior in middle childhood are discussed.
Using a longitudinal data set of children aged 4–6, 6–8, 8–10, and 10–12, consistency and change in teachers' and parents' reports of emotionality and regulation were examined. In general, there was ...considerable interindividual (correlational) consistency in emotionality and regulation, with attentional control increasing in consistency over time. Intensity of emotion (and parent-reported negative emotionality) and girls' impulsivity decreased in mean level with age whereas regulation (particularly behavioral regulation) increased over time. The findings generally were consistent with developmental trends discussed, but not often demonstrated longitudinally, in the developmental literature.
Although researchers have been concerned with the effects of parental socialisation on children's outcomes, there has been surprisingly little work on the socialisation of children's moral emotions ...and behaviour. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of observed parental affect and encouragement in children's empathy-related responding and moral behaviour (i.e. cheating). Moreover, the moderating influence of children's characteristics (i.e. sex) on this relationship was investigated. Ninety-seven girls and 119 boys (mean age = 73 months) with a parent participated in the study. Children completed a dispositional sympathy and empathy questionnaire and were observed in a resistance-to-temptation task. Further, parents' affect and encouragement were assessed during two parent-child interactive situations. Results indicated that parents' positive affect and encouragement were positively related to children's sympathy. In contrast, parents' interactive style was not related to children's empathy. In terms of children's moral behaviour, findings revealed that parental interactive style was related to boys' but not girls' cheating on a puzzle task. These findings offer support for the notion that parental practices involving emotion contribute to children's moral development.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The relations of observed parental warmth and positive expressivity and children's effortful control and ego control with children's high versus low emotional expressivity were examined in a 2-wave ...study of 180 children (M age = 112.8 months). There were quadratic relations between adults' reports of children's emotional expressivity and effortful control; moderate expressivity wasassociated with high effortful control. Structural equation models supportedthe hypothesis that children's ego overcontrol (versus undercontrol) mediated the relation between parental warmth or positive expressivity and children's emotional expressivity, although parenting at the follow-up did not uniquely predict in children's expressivity after controlling for the relations in these constructs over time. The alternative hypothesis that children's ego overcontrol elicited positive parenting and expressivity also was supported. (Original abstract)
Examined relations between mothers' expressed positive and negative emotion and 55- to 79-month-olds' regulation, social competence, and adjustment. Structural equation modeling revealed unique ...effects of positive and negative maternal expressed emotion on children's regulation, and the relations of maternal expressed emotion to children's externalizing problem behaviors and social competence were mediated through children's regulation. (Author/KB)
The relations of teachers' and parents' reports of children's shyness (i.e., social inhibition) at ages 6–8, 8–10, and 10–12 years to dispositional regulation, emotionality, and coping were examined. ...Shyness was positively related to internalizing negative emotion, coping by doing nothing, and, for parent‐rated shyness, behavioral inhibition/nonimpulsivity, attention focusing, and avoidant coping; it was negatively related to positive emotionality, instrumental coping, seeking support from teachers (at younger ages), and for teacher‐rated shyness, attentional control. Often prediction held over several years and/or across reporters. Parent‐reported internalizing negative emotion at age 4–6 predicted shyness at ages 6–8 and 8–10, but primarily for children low in attention shifting. Teacher‐rated shyness was related to low social status; parent‐rated shyness correlated with boys' adult‐rated social status at age 4–6 and with style of social interaction, particularly for girls. The relation between parent‐ and teacher‐reported shyness decreased with age. The overall pattern of findings was partially consistent with the conclusion that parent‐rated shyness reflected primarily social wariness with unfamiliar people (i.e., temperamental shyness), whereas teacher‐rated shyness tapped social inhibition due to social evaluative concerns.
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