Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen. Thus, it has received significant attention mainly in the fish sectors with high production scales. Nile tilapia broodstock confined in the ...environment of fish hatcheries can be stressed. Hence, they are vulnerable to A. hydrophila.
Sequencing of the gyr B gene revealed the presence of 18 different A. hydrophila strains (kdy 10,620-10,637), which were deposited in the NCBI under accession numbers ON745861-ON745878. The median lethal doses of the isolates ranged from 2.62 × 10
to 3.02 × 10
CFU/mL. Antibiotic resistant genes, sulfonamide (sul1) and tetracycline (tetA) were found in the eighteen isolates. Approximately 83.3% of A. hydrophila strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and florfenicol. Further, eight A. hydrophila strains had high MDR indices at 0.27-0.45. All isolates presented with hemolysin activity. However, only 72.22% of them had proteolytic activity, and only 61.11% could form biofilms. Bacterial isolates harbored different pattern virulence genes, the heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), and hemolysin (hly) genes were the most prevalent. Also, a trial to inhibit bacterial growth was conducted using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
NPs) with three sizes (13, 32, and 123 nm). If A. hydrophila strains with a high MDR index were tested against TiO
NPs (20 µg/mL) for 1, 12, and 24 h, those with a small size had a greater bactericidal action than large ones. Bacterial strains were inhibited at different percentages in response to TiO
NP treatment.
Nile tilapia broodstock, mortality is associated with different A. hydrophila strains, which harbored virulent and MDR genes. Furthermore, TiO
NPs had bactericidal activity, thereby resulting in a considerable reduction in bacterial load.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, the hybrid interweave/underlay channel access mode is studied for an energy harvesting (EH) cognitive radio network with multi-class secondary users (SUs). The hybrid channel access ...mode combines the benefits of interweave transmission (opportunistic access with high throughput) and that of the underlay transmission (any time transmission with controlled power). EH upgrades the SUs' devices to be self sustainable. Additionally, classifying the SUs helps to meet their different quality of service (QoS) requirements. The system is modelled as a mixed observable Markov decision process (MOMDP) to handle the uncertainty in the primary user (PU) activity and consider future rewards. The MOMDP model is solved to maximize the SUs' throughput using two algorithms, namely, the point-based value iteration and the heuristic search value iteration (HSVI). Moreover, skipping the schedule of some SUs is proved to increase the channel utilization. The HSVI is proved to be efficient and reduces the time complexity significantly. Compared to related work in literature, the proposed model is proved to be superior in terms of throughput, tunable to meet the different QoS requirements of SU classes, and can accommodate any number of SU classes. Finally, the effect of some system parameters on the proposed system performance is studied and some insights are derived about the structure of the optimal policy and the system parameters values.
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•Remdesivir is new prescribed drug for gout treatment.•Acid dye color based spectrophotometric method.•Computational and theoretical enhancing studies.
Remdesivir was approved by the ...Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID −19 in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. Application of computational calculations for choosing the sensitive reagent in spectrophotometric quantitative analysis is very limited. Computational and theoretical studies were used for choosing the best acid dye for selective visible spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of remdesivir. The calculations were performed using Gaussian 03 software with the density functional theory method using B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set. The theoretical studies revealed that bromophenol blue is a better match for remdesivir than other acid dyes due to the higher calculated interaction energy. The proposed method was based on the reaction of remdesivir with the computationally selected acid dye bromophenol blue to form a yellow ion-pair complex. The spectra showed absorption peaks at 418 nm. Various factors affecting the reaction were optimized. The method was successfully applied for the determination of remdesivir in the pharmaceutical preparation with good accuracy and precision. Beer's law was observed in the concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL of remdesivir. The proposed reaction was used as a basis for the spectrophotometric determination of remdesivir in pure form and in the pharmaceutical preparation.
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increased attention from researchers around the globe. Although it is twenty nucleotides long, it can modulate several gene targets simultaneously. ...Their mal expression is a signature of various pathologies, and they provide the foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of each pathology. Among the debilitating central nervous system (CNS) disorders with a growing prevalence globally is the multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, the diagnosis of MS is challenging due to the lack of disease-specific biomarkers, and the diagnosis mainly depends on ruling out other disabilities. MS could adversely affect patients' lives through its progression, and only symptomatic treatments are available as therapeutic options, but an exact cure is yet unavailable. Consequently, this review hopes to further the study of the biological features of miRNAs in MS and explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
Pain is a global, complex health problem that includes physical, emotional and social components. The pain management process has many goals, including patient satisfaction, reducing clinical ...complications, and lowering costs. The physician describes the pain medications in terms of the proven cause and classification of the severity of the pain. The combination of celecoxib and tramadol was recently approved by the FDA in October 2021 for the treatment of acute pain in adults.
This paper presents the first published quantitative analytical methods for celecoxib and tramadol.
The UV absorption spectra of celecoxib and tramadol showed strong overlap. Mathematical simultaneous equation and ratio difference methods were developed to resolve the spectral overlap and quantify the drugs in the combination mixture. In the simultaneous equation method, the absorbance and absorptivity values at 252 and 217 nm were used to construct two mathematical equations that were used for the simultaneous mathematical quantification of the above drugs. The mathematical manipulation of the ratio difference based on the calculation of the differences in the amplitude values between 250 and 280 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of celecoxib, and the differences in the amplitude values between 221 and 272 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of tramadol.
The proposed methods were successfully applied to the selective quantitative analysis of celecoxib and tramadol in the synthetic mixtures and in the pharmaceutical tablets without interference of the tablet additives.
The first established simple and validated UV spectrophotometric methods were described for concurrent quantification of the celecoxib and tramadol in their recently approved pharmaceutical formulation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study reported the state of the art of different artificial intelligence (AI) methods for groundwater quality (GWQ) modeling and introduce a brief description of common AI approaches. In addtion ...a bibliographic review of practices over the past two decades, was presented and attained result were compared. More than 80 journal articles from 2001 to 2021 were review in terms of characteristics and capabilities of developing methods, considering data of input-output, etc. From the reviewed studies, it could be concluded that in spite of various weaknesses, if the artificial intelligence approaches were appropriately built, they can effectively be utilized for predicting the GWQ in various aquifers. Because many steps of applying AI methods are based on trial-and-error or experience procedures, it’s helpful to review them regarding the special application for GWQ modeling. Several partial and general findings were attained from the reviewed studies that could deliver relevant guidelines for scholars who intend to carry out related work. Many new ideas in the associated area of research are also introduced in this work to develop innovative approaches and to improve the quality of prediction water quality in groundwater for example, it has been found that the combined AI models with metaheuristic optimization are more reliable in capturing the nonlinearity of water quality parameters. However, in this review few papers were found that used these hybrid models in GWQ modeling. Therefore, for future works, it is recommended to use hybrid models to more furthere investigation and enhance the reliability and accuracy of predicting in GWQ.
The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARBs) has become a threat to the aquatic industry. Virulent bacterial spp. namely Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, Pseudomonas fluorescens and ...P. aeruginosa that were isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were collected from freshwater fish farms at three different sites, and their associated antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARBs) were further characterized. The ARGs for sulphonamide and tetracycline were the most prevalent ones. Out of 50 O. niloticus and 50 M. cephalus, A. hydrophila (16.5 ± 5.5 and 11 ± 1.0 respectively) and P. aeruginosa (16 ± 1.0 and 12.5 ± 2.5 respectively) had significantly higher infection rates. At site 3, O. niloticus and M. cephalus showed severe lesions in the hepatic tissues which had higher residues of iron (Fe, 1238.3–1250.0 µg/g) and zinc (Zn, 940.0–078.0 µg/g) compared with sites 1 and 2. The severity of hepatic tissue lesions was associated with bacterial infection and heavy metal residues, and also the presence of ARGs was associated with histopathological alterations of the hepatic tissues. It was concluded that ARGs (sulphonamide and tetracycline) could be developed in bacteria isolated from fish, which subjected to heavy metal pollution (Fe, Mn and Zn).
Behçet's Disease (BD) is an intricate medical puzzle, captivating researchers with its enigmatic pathogenesis. This complex ailment, distinguished by recurrent mouth and genital lesions, eye ...irritation, and skin injuries, presents a substantial obstacle to therapeutic research. This review explores the complex interaction of microRNAs (miRNAs) with BD, highlighting their crucial involvement in the disease's pathophysiology. miRNAs, recognized for regulatory influence in diverse biological processes, hold a pivotal position in the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, such as BD. The exploration begins with examining miRNA biogenic pathways and functions, establishing a foundational understanding of their regulatory mechanisms. Shifting to the molecular landscape governing BD, the review highlights miRNA-mediated impacts on critical signaling pathways like Notch, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), offering insights into intricate pathophysiological mechanisms. Dissecting the immunological landscape reveals the profound influence of miRNAs on BD, shedding light on the intricate modulation of immune responses and offering novel perspectives on disease etiology and progression. Beyond molecular intricacies, the review explores the clinical relevance of miRNAs in BD, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. The discussion extends to the promising realm of miRNA-based therapeutic interventions, highlighting their potential in alleviating symptoms and altering disease progression. This comprehensive review, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, aims to decipher the intricate molecular tapestry of BD and explore the therapeutic potential of miRNAs.
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•We present a systematic overview of miRNAs' role in Behçet's Disease.•miRNAs have a critical function in Behçet's Disease pathogenesis.•miRNAs have found new Behçet's Disease biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets.
A new group of thiophene-based derivative liquid crystals named, 4-(thiophen-3-yl)methyleneaminophenyl 4-alkoxyoxybenzoates were synthesised and analysed mesomorphic and optical behaviour as well as ...their thermal parameters. Schiff base/ester linkage as mesogens and the number of carbons in the terminal alkoxy chains varies between 6 and 16 carbons have been constructed. The phase transitions were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mesophase types were confirmed by polarised optical microscopy (POM). The optimised structures of present thiophene derivatives and their previously prepared positional isomer have been deduced theoretically by the density functional theory (DFT). Each isomer differs from each other by the position of azomethine linkage on the terminal thiophene ring. The mesomorphic study revealed that all prepared compounds are exhibiting enantiotropic nematic phase except the longer alkoxy chain (n = 16) showed dimorphic mesophases, enantiotropic N phase and monotropic smectic A phase. DFT results illustrated that the mesophase stability and its type could be explained in the term of calculated values of dipole moment, polarisability, thermal energy and molecular electrostatic potential as well as the change in the entropy of the investigated compounds.
Nematic phase texture observed under polarised optical microscope for compound I6
at 121.0°C
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a plant-origin toxin that could induce oxidative stress in fish. The micromineral selenium (Se) possesses well-documented antioxidant properties. To assess the ameliorative ...effects of SeNPs (1 mg/kg fish feed) on oxidative stress induced by AFB1 (500 μg/kg fish feed), Nile tilapia (32.2±1.7 g body weight) were distributed randomly and even in six groups for 8-week feeding trial. Live enzymes, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were increased in the serum of fish fed AFB1-contaminated diet, and the addition of SeNPs could restore normal values compared to the control. The gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and catalase (CAT) enzyme, and DNA fragmentation were significantly increased in response to aflatoxin exposure, while dietary SeNPs could mitigate the generated oxidative stress. The innate immunity, serum antibacterial activity (SAA), oxidative burst activity (OBA), phagocytic activities (PA and PI), and gene expression of cytokines (interleukin (
IL
)
-1β
, heat shock protein70 (
Hsp
), and tumor necrosis factor (
TNF
)-
α
) revealed a status of immunosuppression in Nile tilapia fed on AFB1-contaminated diet. These findings showed that fish became more vulnerable to
Streptococcus agalactiae
infection with a high mortality rate while dietary SeNPs provided a high relative protection level (RPL). From the obtained findings, SeNPs could mitigate the oxidative stress induced by feeding the AFB1 diet and could boost the immunity of stressed Nile tilapia.
