Optical properties of natural or designed materials are determined by the electromagnetic multipole moments that light can excite in the constituent particles. In this paper, we present an approach ...to calculating the multipole excitations in arbitrary arrays of nanoscatterers in a dielectric host medium. We introduce a simple and illustrative multipole decomposition of the electric currents excited in the scatterers and connect this decomposition to the classical multipole expansion of the scattered field. In particular, we find that completely different multipoles can produce identical scattered fields. The presented multipole theory can be used as a basis for the design and characterization of optical nanomaterials.
Abstract
The basalts of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption were the first erupted on the Reykjanes Peninsula in 781 years and offer a unique opportunity to determine the composition of the mantle ...underlying Iceland, in particular its oxygen isotope composition (δ
18
O values). The basalts show compositional variations in Zr/Y, Nb/Zr and Nb/Y values that span roughly half of the previously described range for Icelandic basaltic magmas and signal involvement of Icelandic plume (OIB) and Enriched Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (EMORB) in magma genesis. Here we show that Fagradalsfjall δ
18
O values are invariable (mean δ
18
O = 5.4 ± 0.3‰ 2 SD,
N
= 47) and indistinguishable from “normal” upper mantle, in contrast to significantly lower δ
18
O values reported for erupted materials elsewhere in Iceland (e.g., the 2014–2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Central Iceland). Thus, despite differing trace element characteristics, the melts that supplied the Fagradalsfjall eruption show no evidence for
18
O-depleted mantle or interaction with low-δ
18
O crust and may therefore represent a useful mantle reference value in this part of the Icelandic plume system.
Abstract
The group velocity of an optical beam in free space is usually considered to be equal to the speed of light in vacuum. However, it has been recently realized that, by structuring the beam’s ...angular and temporal spectra, one can achieve well pronounced and controlled subluminal and superluminal propagation. In this work, we consider multifrequency Bessel beams that are known to propagate without divergence and show a variety of possibilities to adjust the group velocity of the beam by means of designed angular dispersion. We present several examples of multifrequency Bessel beams with negative and arbitrary positive group velocities, as well as longitudinally accelerating beams and beams with periodically oscillating local group velocities. The results of these studies can be of interest to scientists working in the fields of optical beam engineering, light amplitude and intensity interferometry, ultrafast optics, and optical tweezers.
Early efforts to identify tumor-associated antigens over the last decade have provided unique cancer epitopes for targeted cancer therapy. MAGE-A proteins are a subclass of cancer/testis (CT) ...antigens that are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules as an immune-privileged site. This is due to their restricted expression to germline cells and a wide range of cancers, where they are associated with resistance to chemotherapy, metastasis, and cancer cells with an increasing potential for survival. This makes them an appealing candidate target for designing an effective and specific immunotherapy, thereby suggesting that targeting oncogenic MAGE-As with cancer vaccination, adoptive T-cell transfer, or a combination of therapies would be promising. In this review, we summarize and discuss previous and ongoing (pre-)clinical studies that target these antigens, while bearing in mind the benefits and drawbacks of various therapeutic strategies, in order to speculate on future directions for MAGE-A-specific immunotherapies.
Enhanced equalization phase noise (EEPN), generated from the uncompensated dispersion experienced by laser phase noises, can cause serious damage to the transmission quality of optical fiber systems. ...In this work, the performance of a wideband Nyquist-spaced long-haul nonlinear optical fiber communication systems suffering from EEPN is investigated and discussed through split-step numerical simulations and analytical models based on the perturbation analysis, in the cases of digital nonlinearity compensation (NLC) and electronic dispersion compensation (EDC). The efficiency and the accuracy of the analytical models were validated via simulations, considering the different symbol rates and modulation formats. The performance of the
-band transmission was comprehensively studied based on the model. Our results reveal that the growth of symbol rates and transmission distances aggravates the distortions in the
-band system.
CD 71+ erythroid nucleated cells have pronounced immunoregulatory properties in normal and pathological conditions. Many populations of cells with immunoregulatory properties are considered ...candidates for cellular immunotherapy for various pathologies. This study characterized the immunoregulatory properties of CD71+ erythroid cells derived from CD34-positive bone marrow cells under the influence of growth factors that stimulate differentiation into erythroid cells. CD34-negative bone marrow cells were used to isolate CD71+ erythroid nuclear cells. The resulting cells were used to assess the phenotype, determine the mRNA spectrum of the genes responsible for the main pathways and processes of the immune response, and obtain culture supernatants for the analysis of immunoregulatory factors. It was found that CD71+ erythroid cells derived from CD34+ cells carry the main markers of erythroid cells, but differ markedly from natural bone marrow CD71+ erythroid cells. The main differences are in the presence of the CD45+ subpopulation, distribution of terminal differentiation stages, transcriptional profile, secretion of certain cytokines, and immunosuppressive activity. The properties of induced CD71+ erythroid cells are closer to the cells of extramedullary erythropoiesis foci than to natural bone marrow CD71+ erythroid cells. Thus, when cultivating CD71+ erythroid cells for clinical experimental studies, it is necessary to take into account their pronounced immunoregulatory activity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We demonstrate all-optical modulation and ultrafast detection using an on-resonance optical gain medium, combined with spectral splitting in a Fourier transform pulse shaper. Multiple spectral ...channels of one optical beam can be independently modulated in time by another beam, allowing high-rate modulation and multiplexing without requiring ultrafast response from the gain medium. For detection of sub-picosecond signals we demonstrate a method of ultrafast signal detection (temporal imaging with no spatial resolution) that utilizes the spatio-temporal tilt of an optical pulse in a pulse shaper. The proposed methods can find applications in optical information technology and ultrafast imaging.
•First comprehensiv lipidomics platform ranging from data analysis to lipidome visualization.•Powerful and reliable tools for performing several computational steps within an analytics workflow for ...lipidomics experiments and lipidomic data interpretation.•All services were designed to be as intuitively and user-friendly as possible and yet offer a broad functionality to close the gap between the developers and the end users.
Lipidomics encompasses analytical approaches that aim to identify and quantify the complete set of lipids, defined as lipidome in a given cell, tissue or organism as well as their interactions with other molecules. The majority of lipidomics workflows is based on mass spectrometry and has been proven as a powerful tool in system biology in concert with other Omics disciplines. Unfortunately, bioinformatics infrastructures for this relatively young discipline are limited only to some specialists. Search engines, quantification algorithms, visualization tools and databases developed by the ‘Lipidomics Informatics for Life-Science’ (LIFS) partners will be restructured and standardized to provide broad access to these specialized bioinformatics pipelines. There are many medical challenges related to lipid metabolic alterations that will be fostered by capacity building suggested by LIFS. LIFS as member of the ‘German Network for Bioinformatics’ (de.NBI) node for ‘Bioinformatics for Proteomics’ (BioInfra.Prot) and will provide access to the described software as well as to tutorials and consulting services via a unified web-portal.
The tumor microenvironment is an important factor that can determine the success or failure of antitumor therapy. Cells of hematopoietic origin are one of the most important mediators of the ...tumor–host interaction and, depending on the cell type and functional state, exert pro- or antitumor effects in the tumor microenvironment or in adjacent tissues. Erythroid cells can be full members of the tumor microenvironment and exhibit immunoregulatory properties. Tumor growth is accompanied by the need to obtain growth factors and oxygen, which stimulates the appearance of the foci of extramedullary erythropoiesis. Tumor cells create conditions to maintain the long-term proliferation and viability of erythroid cells. In turn, tumor erythroid cells have a number of mechanisms to suppress the antitumor immune response. This review considers current data on the existence of erythroid cells in the tumor microenvironment, formation of angiogenic clusters, and creation of optimal conditions for tumor growth. Despite being the most important life-support function of the body, erythroid cells support tumor growth and do not work against it. The study of various signaling mechanisms linking tumor growth with the mobilization of erythroid cells and the phenotypic and functional differences between erythroid cells of different origin allows us to identify potential targets for immunotherapy.
The paper presents an algorithm for measuring the residual magnetic field in the magnetic shield of a quantum rotation sensor, which is based on the analysis of cesium parametric resonance signal. ...The effect of the residual magnetic field in the magnetic shield of the passive shielding system of an atomic gyroscope on its performance is investigated. The form of cesium parametric resonance is analysed. The results of experimental verification of the algorithm are presented to confirm its effectiveness.
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