Pd-catalyzed meta-C–H chlorination of anilines and phenols is developed using norbornene as the mediator. Heterocycles, including indole, thiophene, and indazole, are tolerated. The identification of ...a new pyridone-based ligand is crucial for the success of this meta-C–H chlorination reaction. Subsequent diverse transformations of the chlorinated products demonstrate the versatility of meta-C–H chlorination.
A total of 241 patients with chronic HCV infection were recruited to investigate the association between liver fibrosis and PLT counts, as well as with MPV, PDW and P-LCR indices.
The determination ...of PLT indices was carried out using a Sysmex XT-1800i automated hematology analyzer. Serological tests for HA, LN, C-IV and PIIINP were performed in 210 patients. The liver stiffness was measured in 69 patients by transient elastography (FibroScan).
The analysis showed that the four serum fibrosis markers were negatively correlated with PLT counts, but positively correlated with the MPV, PDW and P-LCR values. Moreover, a similar pattern was found after analyzing the FibroScan measurements, which were negatively correlated with PLT counts, but positively correlated with MPV, PDW and P-LCR values. We subdivided the HCV-infected patients into mild and advanced fibrosis groups. The PLT counts were significantly decreased and the MPV, PDW and P-LCR values were significantly increased in the advanced fibrosis group when compared with the mild fibrosis group.
Our results demonstrate that not only the PLT counts but also the MPV, PDW and P-LCR indices significantly correlate with liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients. Therefore, these indices may be useful laboratory measures for evaluating liver fibrosis progression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Load balancing technique plays a fundamental role in distribution, while facing numerous challenges. It is difficult for ordinary load algorithms to cope with complex scenarios, and it is ...likely that uneven load will lead to downtime of a single server, thus causing an avalanche effect and eventually breaking down the whole cluster. This paper proposes a load balancing strategy based on improved ant colony algorithm, considers the influence of task length and processing efficiency in the algorithm based on the original ant colony algorithm, and takes the load rate of nodes as an important index for ants to select path. In addition, the load coefficient includes CPU, memory, IO, and network bandwidth into the calculation range, which makes the obtained server load condition more accurate. Finally, test data of different algorithms are obtained through experiments, and the advantages and disadvantages of this load balancing strategy are verified after horizontal comparison.
Developing robust nonprecious-metal electrocatalysts with high activity towards sluggish oxygen-evolution reaction is paramount for large-scale hydrogen production via electrochemical water ...splitting. Here we report that self-supported laminate composite electrodes composed of alternating nanoporous bimetallic iron-cobalt alloy/oxyhydroxide and cerium oxynitride (FeCo/CeO
N
) heterolamellas hold great promise as highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline oxygen-evolution reaction. By virtue of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture to offer abundant and accessible electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO
N
heterostructure interfaces through facilitating electron transfer and mass transport, nanoporous FeCo/CeO
N
composite electrodes exhibit superior oxygen-evolution electrocatalysis in 1 M KOH, with ultralow Tafel slope of ~33 mV dec
. At overpotential of as low as 360 mV, they reach >3900 mA cm
and retain exceptional stability at ~1900 mA cm
for >1000 h, outperforming commercial RuO
and some representative oxygen-evolution-reaction catalysts recently reported. These electrochemical properties make them attractive candidates as oxygen-evolution-reaction electrocatalysts in electrolysis of water for large-scale hydrogen generation.
Abstract
Background and Objectives
The Rh blood group system is the most polymorphic human blood group system. Previous studies have investigated variants in the
RHD
and
RHCE
promoter. The relevance ...of these variants to the Chinese Han population is further clarified in this study.
Materials and Methods
In total, 317 donors (223 Rh D‐positive D+, including 20 Del and 94 Rh D‐negative D−) were randomly selected. The promoter regions and exon 1 of
RHD
and
RHCE
were amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) whose products were directly sequenced using forward and reverse primers.
Results
Expected PCR products of the
RHD
promoter and exon 1 were amplified in 223 D+ individuals, including 20 Del individuals, and were absent in 81 of 94 D− individuals. Expected PCR products of
RHCE
were observed in all donors. Two single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were observed in the
RHD
promoter region. Moreover, 11 SNVs were observed in the promoter and exon 1 of
RHCE
. rs4649082, rs2375313, rs2281179, rs2072933, rs2072932, rs2072931 and rs586178 with strong linkage disequilibria were significantly different between the D+ and D− groups. A;C was the most common haplotype in the
RHD
promoter (NC_000001.11:g.−1033A>G;−831C>T). G;T;T;A;T;A;C;G;A;C;G was the most predominant haplotype in both total and D− groups. In D+ individuals, A;C;T;G;C;G;C;G;C;C;C was the most frequent haplotype in the
RHCE
promoter (NC_000001.11:g.−1080A>G;−958C>T;−390T>C;−378G>A;−369C>T;−296G>A;−144C>G;−132G>A;−122C>A;28C>T;48C>G).
Conclusion
We speculate that the SNVs/haplotypes found in this article cannot significantly affect gene expression. The present study findings should help elucidate the molecular basis of the polymorphic expression of
RHD
and
RHCE
promoter regions.
Obesity is associated with increased classically activated M1 adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and decreased alternatively activated M2 ATMs, both of which contribute to obesity-induced inflammation ...and insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We find that inhibiting DNA methylation pharmacologically using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or genetically by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) deletion promotes alternative activation and suppresses inflammation in macrophages. Consistently, mice with myeloid DNMT1 deficiency exhibit enhanced macrophage alternative activation, suppressed macrophage inflammation, and are protected from obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. The promoter and 5'-untranslated region of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ1 (PPARγ1) are enriched with CpGs and are epigenetically regulated. The saturated fatty acids stearate and palmitate and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α significantly increase, whereas the TH2 cytokine IL-4 significantly decreases PPARγ1 promoter DNA methylation. Accordingly, inhibiting PPARγ1 promoter DNA methylation pharmacologically using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or genetically by DNMT1 deletion promotes macrophage alternative activation. Our data therefore establish DNA hypermethylation at the PPARγ1 promoter induced by obesity-related factors as a critical determinant of ATM proinflammatory activation and inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance in obesity.
Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive cellular metabolite, is crucial for plant growth and environmental responses. MG may function by modifying its target proteins, but little is known about ...MG-modified proteins in plants. Here, MG-modified proteins were pulled down by an antibody against methylglyoxalated proteins and detected using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. We identified 543 candidate proteins which are involved in multiple enzymatic activities and metabolic processes. A great number of candidate proteins were predicted to localize to cytoplasm, chloroplast, and nucleus, consistent with the known subcellular compartmentalization of MG. By further analyzing the raw LC–MS/MS data, we obtained 42 methylglyoxalated peptides in 35 proteins and identified 10 methylglyoxalated lysine residues in a myrosinase-binding protein (BnaC06G0061400ZS). In addition, we demonstrated that MG modifies the glycolate oxidase and β-glucosidase to enhance and inhibit the enzymatic activity, respectively. Together, our study contributes to the investigation of the MG-modified proteins and their potential roles in rapeseed.
•Methylglyoxal inhibits the growth of rapeseed.•Identification of methylglyoxal-modified proteins in rapeseed.•Methylglyoxal modifies proteins to affect their activities.
To explore the effect of yield stress on the secondary breakup of gel drops, experimental and theoretical investigations are carried out by employing a high-speed camera. A unique hemline-type ...breakup, as a modified behaviour of sheet-thinning breakup, occurs when the air velocity increases to a high region. The edges of the drops constantly deform into thin membranes when the high-velocity air skims over the gel drops. These membranes vibrate vertically, and breaking points occur at high amplitudes, causing the formation of reticular fragments. The results of linear stability analysis indicated that the yield stress of the gel drops has an influence on the formation and breakup of the gel membranes. The breakup regime map and breakup times are also studied.
Homogenous transition-metal catalysts bearing a chiral ligand are widely used for asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as olefins and ketones, providing efficient concise access to ...products with chiral carbon centers. However, distinguishing the re and si prochiral faces of a double bond bearing two substituents that are sterically and electronically similar is challenging for these catalysts. Herein, we report a relay strategy for constructing compounds with a chiral gem-diaryl carbon center by means of a combination of selective arene exchange between 1,1-diarylethylenes or benzophenones with (naphthalene)Cr(CO)
and subsequent asymmetric hydrogenation. During the hydrogenation, the Cr(CO)
unit facilitate differentiation of the two prochiral faces of the substrate double bond via formation of a three-dimensional complex with one of the aromatic rings by selective arene exchange. Density functional theory calculations reveal that during the hydrogenation, chromium coordination affected π-π stacking of the substrate and the catalyst ligand, leading to differentiation of the prochiral faces.
The neocortex consists of a vast number of diverse neurons that form distinct layers and intricate circuits at the single-cell resolution to support complex brain functions
. Diverse cell-surface ...molecules are thought to be key for defining neuronal identity, and they mediate interneuronal interactions for structural and functional organization
. However, the precise mechanisms that control the fine neuronal organization of the neocortex remain largely unclear. Here, by integrating in-depth single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, progenitor lineage labelling and mosaic functional analysis, we report that the diverse yet patterned expression of clustered protocadherins (cPCDHs)-the largest subgroup of the cadherin superfamily of cell-adhesion molecules
-regulates the precise spatial arrangement and synaptic connectivity of excitatory neurons in the mouse neocortex. The expression of cPcdh genes in individual neocortical excitatory neurons is diverse yet exhibits distinct composition patterns linked to their developmental origin and spatial positioning. A reduction in functional cPCDH expression causes a lateral clustering of clonally related excitatory neurons originating from the same neural progenitor and a significant increase in synaptic connectivity. By contrast, overexpression of a single cPCDH isoform leads to a lateral dispersion of clonally related excitatory neurons and a considerable decrease in synaptic connectivity. These results suggest that patterned cPCDH expression biases fine spatial and functional organization of individual neocortical excitatory neurons in the mammalian brain.
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