Conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with graphite anodes are approaching their theoretical limitations in energy density. Replacing the conventional graphite anodes with high‐capacity Si‐based ...anodes represents one of the most promising strategies to greatly boost the energy density of LIBs. However, the inherent huge volume expansion of Si‐based materials after lithiation and the resulting series of intractable problems, such as unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer, cracking of electrode, and especially the rapid capacity degradation of cells, severely restrict the practical application of Si‐based anodes. Over the past decade, numerous reports have demonstrated that polymer binders play a critical role in alleviating the volume expansion and maintaining the integrity and stable cycling of Si‐based anodes. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art designing of polymer binders for Si‐based anodes have been systematically summarized based on their structures, including the linear, branched, crosslinked, and conjugated conductive polymer binders. Especially, the comprehensive designing of multifunctional polymer binders, by a combination of multiple structures, interactions, crosslinking chemistries, ionic or electronic conductivities, soft and hard segments, and so forth, would be promising to promote the practical application of Si‐based anodes. Finally, a perspective on the rational design of practical polymer binders for the large‐scale application of Si‐based anodes is presented.
Polymer binders play a crucial role in alleviating the volume expansion and maintaining the integrity and stable cycling of Si‐based anodes. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art designing of polymer binders for Si‐based anodes based on the linear, branched, crosslinked, conjugated polymer structures. Besides, the multifunctional design of polymer binders for the practical application of Si‐based anodes has been discussed.
In recent years, the merging of electrosynthesis with 3d metal catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as a sustainable and powerful technique in organic synthesis. Despite the impressive advantages, ...the development of an enantioselective version remains elusive and poses a daunting challenge. Herein, we report the first electrooxidative cobalt‐catalyzed enantio‐ and regioselective C−H/N−H annulation with olefins using an undivided cell at room temperature (up to 99 % ee). tBu‐Salox, a rationally designed Salox ligand bearing a bulky tert‐butyl group at the ortho‐position of phenol, was found to be crucial for this asymmetric annulation reaction. A strong cooperative effect between tBu‐Salox and 3,4,5‐trichloropyridine enabled the highly enantio‐ and regioselective C−H annulation with the more challenging α‐olefins without secondary bond interactions (up to 96 % ee and 97 : 3 rr). Cyclovoltametric studies, and the preparation, characterization, and transformation of cobaltacycle intermediates shed light on the mechanism of this reaction.
Reported is the first electrooxidative cobalt‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H/N−H annulation with olefins (up to 99 % ee) using tBu‐Salox as chiral ligand. The cooperative effect between tBu‐Salox and 3,4,5‐trichloropyridine enabled the highly enantio‐ and regioselective C−H annulation with the more challenging α‐olefins (up to 96 % ee and 97 : 3 rr). Mechanistic studies provided insights into the mechanism of this reaction.
Little is known about the inter-relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota and metabolites, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human prospective cohort study. The aim of the present ...study was to investigate the prospective association of fruit and vegetable intake with human gut microbiota and to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable-related gut microbiota and their related metabolites with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.
This study included 1879 middle-age elderly Chinese adults from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Baseline dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (2008-2013). Fecal samples were collected at follow-up (2015-2019) and analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomics. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. We used multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models to investigate the prospective associations of fruit and vegetable intake with gut microbiota and the association of the identified gut microbiota (fruit/vegetable-microbiota index) and their related fecal metabolites with T2D risk, respectively. Replications were performed in an independent cohort involving 6626 participants.
In the GNHS, dietary fruit intake, but not vegetable, was prospectively associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. The fruit-microbiota index (FMI, created from 31 identified microbial features) was positively associated with fruit intake (p < 0.001) and inversely associated with T2D risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95%CI 0.71-0.97). The FMI-fruit association (p = 0.003) and the FMI-T2D association (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.84-0.97) were both successfully replicated in the independent cohort. The FMI-positive associated metabolite sebacic acid was inversely associated with T2D risk (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.51-0.86). The FMI-negative associated metabolites cholic acid (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13-1.62), 3-dehydrocholic acid (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.09-1.54), oleylcarnitine (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.45-2.20), linoleylcarnitine (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.37-2.05), palmitoylcarnitine (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33-2.02), and 2-hydroglutaric acid (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25-1.72) were positively associated with T2D risk.
Higher fruit intake-associated gut microbiota and metabolic alteration were associated with a lower risk of T2D, supporting the public dietary recommendation of adopting high fruit intake for the T2D prevention.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Currently, many clinical trials have shown that inulin-type fructans (ITF) supplementation is associated with glycemic control; nevertheless, the results are inconclusive. The aim of this ...meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the effects of ITF supplementation on glycemic control.
PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible articles up to March 6, 2019. A random-effects model was used to analyze the pooled results, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to assess the quality of evidence. The dose-response model was used to recommend the daily dose and duration for ITF supplementation.
Thirty-three trials involving 1346 participants were included. Overall, ITF supplementation could significantly reduce concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) population, a more significant reduction in FBG weighted mean difference (WMD): - 0.60 mmol/l; 95% CI - 0.71, - 0.48 mmol/l; high rate, HbA1c (WMD: - 0.58%; 95% CI - 0.83, - 0.32%; high rate), FINS (WMD: - 1.75 µU/ml; 95% CI - 2.87, - 0.63 µU/ml; low rate), and HOMA-IR (WMD: - 0.69; 95% CI - 1.10, - 0.28; low rate) were observed, and ITF supplementation with a daily dose of 10 g for a duration of 6 weeks and longer was recommended. Moreover, subgroup analyses suggested that the effects of glycemic control were significantly influenced by the sex of the subjects and the type and the method of intake of ITF.
Our analyses confirmed that these four main glycemic indicators were significantly reduced by ITF supplementation, particularly in the prediabetes and T2DM population. Evidence supports that reasonable administration of ITF supplementation may have potential clinical value as an adjuvant therapy for prediabetes and T2DM management. Trial registration The trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018115875 on November 23, 2018.
In this paper, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the convexity and concavity of the modified Bessel functions of the first kind with respect to Hölder means.
NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions were recently identified in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID); however, it remains unclear whether they occur in other neurodegenerative disorders. This ...study aimed to investigate the role of intermediate‐length NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions in Parkinson disease (PD). We screened for GGC repeat expansions in a cohort of 1,011 PD patients and identified 11 patients with intermediate‐length repeat expansions ranging from 41 to 52 repeats, with no repeat expansions in 1,134 controls. Skin biopsy revealed phospho‐alpha‐synuclein deposition, confirming the PD diagnosis in 2 patients harboring intermediate‐length repeat expansions instead of NIID or essential tremor. Fibroblasts from PD patients harboring intermediate‐length repeat expansions revealed NOTCH2NLC upregulation and autophagic dysfunction. Our results suggest that intermediate‐length repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC are potentially associated with PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:182–187
Scope
A growing number of studies have reported the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and terrestrial phospholipids on ameliorating mood disorders. Marine‐derived EPA‐enriched phospholipids ...(EPA‐PL) exhibit the structural characteristics of EPA and phospholipids. However, the effect of dietary EPA‐PL, and the differences between amphiphilic EPA‐PL and lyophobic EPA on mood disorders had not been studied.
Methods and Results
A comparative investigation to determine the effects of dietary EPA‐enriched ethyl ester (EPA‐EE) and EPA‐PL on improving depression‐ and anxiety‐like behavior in a mouse model is performed, induced by 4 week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) coupled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. It is found that dietary 4 week 0.6% (w/w) EPA‐PL rescued depression‐ and anxiety‐like behavior to a greater extent than did EPA‐EE. Moreover, dietary EPA‐PL significantly reduced the immobility time by 56.6%, close to the normal level, in forced swimming test, which revealed a reversal of depression‐like behavior. Further studies revealed that dietary EPA‐PL regulated immunity, monoamine systems, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis by multi‐target interactions, including inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis.
Conclusion
EPA‐PL exerted superior effects to EPA‐EE in alleviating depression‐ and anxiety‐like behavior. The data suggest potential novel candidate or targeted dietary patterns to prevent and treat mood disorder.
Comparatively investigated the effects of dietary EPA‐EE and EPA‐PL on improving depression‐ and anxiety‐like behavior in a mouse model, induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) couple with LPS challenge. The results reveal that EPA‐PL exerts superior effects to EPA‐EE in alleviating depression‐ and anxiety‐like behavior by regulating immunity and neuroinflammation, monoamine systems, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis.
A loss-of-function mutation in ATPase phospholipid transporting 11-B (putative) (ATP11B) gene causing cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in vivo, and a single intronic nucleotide polymorphism in ...ATP11B: rs148771930 that was associated with white matter hyperintensities burden in European patients with SVD, was recently identified. Our results suggest that ATP11B may not play an essential role in SVD in the Chinese population.
We performed target region sequencing including ATP11B gene in 182 patients with sporadic SVD, and identified five rare variants and two novel variants of ATP11B. A case-control study was then performed in 524 patients and matched 550 controls to investigate the relationship between ATP11B and sporadic SVD in the Chinese Han population. Although none of these variants were significantly associated with SVD in our samples, it is important to mention that we identified a novel variant, p. G238W, which was predicted to be pathogenic in silico. This variant was present in our cohort of patients with an extremely low frequency and was absent in the controls.
Our results suggest that ATP11B may not play an essential role in SVD in the Chinese population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Studies of gene rearrangements and the consequent oncogenic fusion proteins have laid the foundation for targeted cancer therapy. To identify oncogenic fusions associated with glioma progression, we ...catalogued fusion transcripts by RNA-seq of 272 gliomas. Fusion transcripts were more frequently found in high-grade gliomas, in the classical subtype of gliomas, and in gliomas treated with radiation/temozolomide. Sixty-seven in-frame fusion transcripts were identified, including three recurrent fusion transcripts: FGFR3-TACC3, RNF213-SLC26A11, and PTPRZ1-MET (ZM). Interestingly, the ZM fusion was found only in grade III astrocytomas (1/13; 7.7%) or secondary GBMs (sGBMs, 3/20; 15.0%). In an independent cohort of sGBMs, the ZM fusion was found in three of 20 (15%) specimens. Genomic analysis revealed that the fusion arose from translocation events involving introns 3 or 8 of PTPRZ and intron 1 of MET. ZM fusion transcripts were found in GBMs irrespective of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status. sGBMs harboring ZM fusion showed higher expression of genes required for PIK3CA signaling and lowered expression of genes that suppressed RB1 or TP53 function. Expression of the ZM fusion was mutually exclusive with EGFR overexpression in sGBMs. Exogenous expression of the ZM fusion in the U87MG glioblastoma line enhanced cell migration and invasion. Clinically, patients afflicted with ZM fusion harboring glioblastomas survived poorly relative to those afflicted with non-ZM-harboring sGBMs (P < 0.001). Our study profiles the shifting RNA landscape of gliomas during progression and reveled ZM as a novel, recurrent fusion transcript in sGBMs.
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