This paper uses an adaptive differential evolution algorithm to handle multiple conflicting optimization objectives by randomly generating uniformly distributed values corresponding to the upper and ...lower bounds so that the variance vectors are crossed over. A diversity metric measures the degree of uniformity of distribution between solutions, using a pre-given interval of static variables and introducing a special differential mutation pattern for iteration. The highest value of the adaptive differential evolution algorithm piano performance time was 13.5 s, and the highest value of the teaching quality situation was 0.864. With the adaptive differential evolution algorithm, the piano teaching content can be enhanced, students' interest in folk music can be nurtured, and folk music can be inherited and promoted.
In recent years, atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) with well-defined structures have attracted great interest from researchers for electrocatalytic applications due to their maximum atom ...utilization efficiency (100%), distinct active sites and high catalytic activity, stability and selectivity. Based on this, this review will comprehensively discuss the recent developments in advanced single-atom and dual-atom ADMCs for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), including synthesis and characterization, reaction mechanisms and energy applications such as in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In addition, challenges will be summarized and analyzed, including the rational design and fabrication of ADMCs and a deeper understanding of their geometric configuration, electronic structure and reaction dynamics towards the ORR. Furthermore, to facilitate further development, future research directions are proposed to overcome associated challenges, such as (1) the exploration of new/advanced materials including metal precursors and supporting substrates for the fabrication of ADMCs; (2) the optimization of rational design and synthesis techniques for single- and dual-atom catalysts to significantly enhance catalytic ORR activity and stability based on modern characterization techniques; (3) a deeper understanding of ADMC structures, reactive active sites, interactions between metal atoms and support surfaces and corresponding electrocatalytic ORR mechanisms at the atomic level using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and advanced experimental techniques; (4) the optimization of ADMC-based catalyst layers and membrane electrode assemblies to achieve high performance fuel cells and metal-air batteries using advanced electrochemical testing strategies.
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, including their synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanisms and electrochemical energy application, are reviewed.
Rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered attractive alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for next‐generation sustainable and large‐scale electrochemical energy storage. Organic ...sodium‐ion batteries (OSIBs) using environmentally benign organic materials as electrodes, which demonstrate high energy/power density and good structural designability, have recently attracted great attention. Nevertheless, the practical applications and popularization of OSIBs are generally restricted by the intrinsic disadvantages related to organic electrodes, such as their low conductivity, poor stability, and high solubility in electrolytes. Here, the latest research progress with regard to electrode materials of OSIBs, ranging from small molecules to organic polymers, is systematically reviewed, with the main focus on the molecular structure design/modification, the electrochemical behavior, and the corresponding charge‐storage mechanism. Particularly, the challenges faced by OSIBs and the effective design strategies are comprehensively summarized from three aspects: function‐oriented molecular design, micromorphology regulation, and construction of organic–inorganic composites. Finally, the perspectives and opportunities in the research of organic electrode materials are discussed.
This paper comprehensively reviews the recent progress in the research and development of organic electrode materials for organic sodium‐ion batteries with an emphasis on the material design/synthesis/characterization and electrochemical reaction mechanisms to obtain a fundamental understanding of organic cathode materials and their performance. Several strategies to improve the electrochemical performance are summarized and discussed.
Exposure to airborne semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor and outdoor environments of humans may lead to adverse health risks. Thus, we established a model to evaluate exposure to ...airborne SVOCs. In this model, SVOCs phase-specific concentrations were estimated by a kinetic partition model accounting for particle dynamics. The exposure pathways to airborne SVOCs included inhalation exposure to gas- and particle-phases, dermal exposure by direct gas-to-skin pathway and dermal exposure by direct particle deposition. Exposures of defined “reference people” to two typical classifications of SVOCs, one generated from both indoor and outdoor sources, represented by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the other generated mainly from only indoor sources, represented by di 2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), were analyzed as an example application of the model. For PAHs with higher volatility, inhalation exposure to gas-phase, ranging from 6.03 to 16.4 ng/kg/d, accounted for the most of the exposure to the airborne phases. For PAHs with lower volatility, inhalation exposure to particle-phase, ranging from 1.48 to 1.53 ng/kg/d, was the most important exposure pathway. As for DEHP, dermal exposure via direct gas-to-skin pathway was 460 ng/kg/d, which was the most striking exposure pathway when the barrier effect of clothing was neglected.
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Effective screening methods for ovarian cancer are lacking because early symptoms and signs are not significant and the onset is elusive. The ...incidence of ovarian cancer complicated with ovarian abscess or malignant transformation from ovarian abscess to ovarian cancer is extremely low. The diagnosis depends on clinical laboratory examinations, pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Surgery is the main treatment, supplemented with chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy. Clinical efficacy is not satisfactory. In this article, medical records and related literature reviews were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of a case of ovarian adenocarcinoma complicated with ovarian abscess were reported, aiming to captivate extensive attention from clinicians, deepen the understanding of this type of disease, and provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment.
Window opening behavior is an important factor influencing building performance, including building energy consumption, indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality. Traditionally utilized ...linear logistic regression model, which describes the correlations between the window opening probability and the environmental driven factors, fails to include the variety among different residences. This study utilized multilevel logistic regression model to analyze the effect of household features on the residential probability of window opening. Here the environmental factors were set as lower-level predictors while the household features were set as higher-level predictors. The studied household features include the area, the located floor, the home renovation condition and the special type of residents (i.e., smoker and old people). The analysis was conducted on a measured dataset monitored in 10 residential apartments in Nanjing. According to the results, 84% of the difference in the probability of window opening was attributable to the residence-level variety, which cannot be ignored. Although the higher-level household features show no direct effect on the window opening probability, all of them significantly affect the correlations between the probability of window opening and the lower-level environmental predictors. Together with future field measurements of representative households, this research will be a crucial basis to build up the multilevel structure of predictors for the residential window opening behaviors, which will further make an improvement to represent the residence-level variety in building performance simulations.
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•The multilevel logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of household features on window opening behaviors.•The residence-level variety in window opening behaviors cannot be ignored.•The higher-level household features significantly influence residential window opening behaviors by the interaction terms.•The concerned higher-level household features had no direct influence on the window opening probability.
•Characterization of wet spun acrylic fiber manufacturing industry wastewater.•Microbubble-ozonation of acrylic fiber industry wastewater.•Improved organic removal and biodegradability by microbubble ...ozonation.
This work investigated microbubble-ozonation for the treatment of a refractory wet-spun acrylic fiber wastewater in comparison to macrobubble-ozonation. CODcr, NH3-N, and UV254 of the wastewater were removed by 42%, 21%, and 42%, respectively in the microbubble-ozonation, being 25%, 9%, and 35% higher than the removal rates achieved by macrobubble-ozonation at the same ozone dose. The microbubbles (with average diameter of 45μm) had a high concentration of 3.9×105 counts/mL at a gas flow rate of 0.5L/min. The gas holdup, total ozone mass-transfer coefficient, and average ozone utilization efficiency in the microbubble-ozonation were 6.6, 2.2, and 1.5 times higher than those of the macrobubble-ozonation. Greater generation of hydroxyl radicals and a higher zeta potential of the bubbles were also observed in the microbubble ozonation process. The biodegradability of the wastewater was also significantly improved by microbubble-ozonation, which was ascribed to the enhanced degradation of alkanes, aromatic compounds, and the many other bio-refractory organic compounds in the wastewater. Microbubble-ozonation can thus be a more effective treatment process than traditional macrobubble-ozonation for refractory wastewater produced by the acrylic fiber manufacturing industry.
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•S-shaped reinforced cores are designed by flattening hexagonal honeycomb cores.•S-shaped reinforced structures can effectively change the deformation mode of cores.•The peak load of ...S-shaped reinforced core can be 86.12% greater than plain core.•Theoretical prediction model of S-shaped reinforced honeycomb cores is proposed.•The design capabilities of cores are expanded because of S-shaped structure.
Honeycomb structures serve as the core of sandwich structures in various industries, such as aerospace and rail transit. In this study, a novel design was introduced where hexagonal honeycomb cores were flattened in specific areas to form S-shaped reinforced cores. Compression tests were conducted on S-shaped reinforced honeycomb cores with different rotational structures – left-hand, right-hand, and mixed rotation. The deformation process of these cores was thoroughly investigated. Additionally, a theoretical prediction model was proposed to determine the Young's modulus and peak load of S-shaped reinforced honeycomb cores. The experimental data was compared with the theoretical model to validate its accuracy. Moreover, the study examined the effects of changing the relative density and cell wall angle of S-shaped reinforced honeycomb cores on the peak and specific peak loads. The results demonstrated that the use of S-shaped reinforced structures successfully altered the deformation mode of the honeycomb cores. In particular, the peak loads of S-LL and S-LR specimens were 29.14% and 86.12% higher than that of plain honeycomb, respectively. In summary, increasing the relative density of S-shaped reinforced honeycomb cores proved to enhance the peak load and specific peak load, thereby augmenting the design capabilities of these cores.
As a typical Information Centric Networking, Named Data Networking (NDN) has attracted wide research attentions in recent years. NDN evolves today's host-centric network architecture TCP/IP to a ...data-centric network architecture. It turns the end-to-end connection-oriented transport of TCP/IP into receiver-driven connectionless transport. Compared with the traditional TCP/IP networking, the transport in NDN has new characteristics: Receiver-driven, One-Interest-one-Data, Multi-Source, and Multi-Path. These distinguished features pose new challenges to NDN congestion control mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-art techniques aiming to address these issues, with particular focus on improving the effectiveness of congestion detection and the efficiency of Interest rate shaping. As a new research area, this paper also points out research challenges and open issues in this subject.
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