An enhancement strategy is realized for ultralong bright room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), involving polymerization between phosphor monomers and acrylamide and host–guest complexation ...interaction between phosphors and cucurbit6,7,8urils (CB6,7,8). The non‐phosphorescent monomers exhibit 2.46 s ultralong lifetime after copolymerizing with acrylamide. The improvement is due to the rich hydrogen bond and carbonyl within the polymers which promote intersystem crossing, suppress nonradiative relaxation and shield quenchers effectively. By tuning the ratio of chromophores, a series of phosphorescent copolymers with different lifetimes and quantum yields are prepared. The complexation of macrocyclic hosts CB6,7,8 promote the RTP of polymers by blocking aggregation‐caused quenching, and offsetting the losses of aforementioned interaction provided by polymer. Multiple lifetime‐encoding for digit and character encryption are achieved by utilizing the difference of their lifetimes.
A synergistic enhancement strategy is realized for ultralong bright RTP, involving polymerization between phosphor monomers and acrylamide and host–guest complexation interaction between phosphors and cucurbit6, 7, 8urils (CB6, 7, 8). The phosphorescence lifetime and efficiency is up to 2.81 s and 76 %. Multiple lifetime‐encoding for digit and character encryption are achieved.
Due to the wet and dynamic environment of the oral cavity, the healing of intraoral wounds, such as tooth extraction wounds, requires stable and firm wound dressings. In clinical practice, cotton ...balls and gauzes, sponge plugs, or sutures are used to treat extraction wounds, but none of these means can continuously isolate the wound from the intraoral environment and facilitate ideal healing conditions. Herein, inspired by the natural extracellular matrix, a family of wound dressings is developed for intraoral wound repair. Infiltrating a ductile long‐chain hydrogel network into a prefabricated, sturdy macromolecular meshwork and in situ crosslinking endowed the composite hydrogel with controllable swelling behaviors and robust mechanical properties. The macromolecular meshwork functioned as the backbone to support the composite and restricts the swelling of the long‐chain hydrogel network. In vitro tests verified that this wound dressing can provide durable protection for intraoral wounds against complex irritations. Furthermore, accelerated wound healing occurred when the wound dressing is applied in vivo on a canine tooth extraction model, due to the effective reduction of acute inflammation. These results suggest that this family of bioinspired hydrogels has great potential for application as intraoral wound dressing.
An extracellular matrix‐mimicking hydrogel wound dressing is designed as tooth extraction adhesive wound dressing for intraoral application. The hydrogel exhibits excellent anti‐swelling efficiency, along with consistent mechanical and adhesive robustness in aqueous environments. In vitro and in vivo tooth extraction models demonstrate the stability of hydrogels as physical and antibacterial barriers for intraoral wounds, leading to continuous protection and effective healing acceleration.
Two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, as an emerging type of 2D materials, attract numerous attention due to their unique properties. First, the ultrathin thickness and ...nanoscale of the materials results in homogeneous dispersion in aqueous solution, giving the materials more opportunities to be utilized in solution chemistry, especially beneficial to the biomimetic catalysis and bio‐related analytical applications. Second, the large surface area and accessible active sites of the MOF nanosheets are favorable to the binding between materials and the substrate, leading to their superior performance in catalysis, sensing and enzyme inhibition. Third, the suitable sizes of nanopores on the 2D MOF nanosheets give them the abilities to act as membranes for highly selective and energy‐saving gas separation. This minireview covers the synthesis, characterization as well as bio‐related and separation applications of 2D MOF nanosheets.
Nanosheets: Two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) nanosheets, as an emerging type of 2D materials, are attracting increasing applications in catalysis, sensing, enzyme inhibition, MALDI‐TOF matrix and gas separation. This Minireview summarizes 2D MOF nanosheets and their diverse applications with the integration of the fundamental structures and their application mechanism.
Quantum networks play an extremely important role in quantum information science, with application to quantum communication, computation, metrology, and fundamental tests. One of the key challenges ...for implementing a quantum network is to distribute entangled flying qubits to spatially separated nodes, at which quantum interfaces or transducers map the entanglement onto stationary qubits. The stationary qubits at the separated nodes constitute quantum memories realized in matter while the flying qubits constitute quantum channels realized in photons. Dedicated efforts around the world for more than 20 years have resulted in both major theoretical and experimental progress toward entangling quantum nodes and ultimately building a global quantum network. Here, the development of quantum networks and the experimental progress over the past two decades leading to the current state of the art for generating entanglement of quantum nodes based on various physical systems such as single atoms, cold atomic ensembles, trapped ions, diamonds with nitrogen‐vacancy centers, and solid‐state host doped with rare‐earth ions are reviewed. Along the way, the merits are discussed and the potential of each of these systems toward realizing a quantum network is compared.
Quantum networks linking multiple remote quantum nodes consist of quantum memories served as stationary quantum nodes and flying photonic qubits served as quantum channels. This review summarizes and discusses the state of the art and future challenges for constructing quantum networks in various physical systems like single neutral atoms, cold atomic ensembles, trapped ions, NV centers, and rare‐earth‐ion doped solids.
Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets have attracted numerous attention due to their unparalleled advantages such as unique structures, large surface areas, good ...stability and high catalytic efficiency. In this paper, 2D Cu(bpy)2(OTf)2 nanosheets (Cu-MOF, bpy = 4,4-bipyridine, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) are first utilized to achieve the fluorescent detection for H2O2 and glucose with their intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. The fluorescent biosensor Cu-MOF nanosheets were achieved by the efficient catalysis of non-fluorescent thiamine (TH) to strong fluorescent thiochrome in the presence of H2O2. With the combination of glucose oxidase, highly selective and sensitive fluorescent detection for glucose could be established with a detection limit of 0.41 μM and two separate linear ranges of 10–100 μM and 100–1000 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method has been applied to human serum for the quantitative determination of glucose as a clinical diagnosis indicator of diabetes mellitus.
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•Two-Dimensional Cu(bpy)2(OTf)2 metal-organic framework nanosheets are first utilized to achieve the fluorescent detection for H2O2 and glucose with their intrinsic peroxidase-like activity.•Non-fluorescent thiamine is converted to intense fluorescent thiochrome by Cu(bpy)2(OTf)2 nanosheets in the presence of H2O2 for selective and sensitive detection of glucose with the combination of glucose oxidase.•The fluorescent biosensor 2-D Cu(bpy)2(OTf)2 nanosheets is developed with detection limit as low as 0.32 μM for H2O2 and 0.41 μM for glucose, respectively.•Quantitative determination of glucose for human serum is established for the diabetic and healthy serum samples.
•Soil acidification naturally decreased by 0.071 per year in a tea plantation.•Long-term heavy urea-N fertilization can accelerate the soil acidification process.•Subsoil was more vulnerable to ...acidification by heavy nitrogen fertilization.•High N input caused Al3+ accumulation and base-cations’ depletion in the soil.
In tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation areas, soil acidification mainly results from excessive nitrogen fertilization. However, the proposed theoretical explanations for soil acidification due to nitrogen fertilization are still lacking empirical validation because most studies have used short-term incubation periods or pot experiments. Here, both soil and soil solution samples were taken from a tea plantation field (Ultisol in USDA taxonomy system, or Alisol in WRB taxonomy system) treated using different nitrogen application rates: 0 (N0), 119 (N119), 285 (N285), and 569 (N569)kgNha−1yr−1 for 8 years (2006–2013). Soil pH and the concentrations of the relevant cations and anions were also determined. With no nitrogen fertilization (N0), the surface soil pH decreased from 4.16 to 3.32 after 8 years in the tea plantation. Compared with no nitrogen fertilization (N0), high nitrogen fertilization (N569) significantly decreased the soil pH from 3.32 to 3.15 and 3.67 to 3.35 in the soil at depths of 0–40cm and 40–90cm, respectively. However, the low (N119) and moderate (N285) nitrogen treatments showed non-significant effects upon soil pH. Our results confirm the previous findings that a high nitrogen application rate can accelerate soil acidification in a tea plantation, and that the subsoil is particularly susceptible to acidification after heavy nitrogen fertilization. Soil acidification also significantly decreased the nutrient base cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ in the soil. Our results suggest that heavy synthetic nitrogen fertilization should be partly replaced with compound or organic fertilizers to mitigate soil acidification and nutrient cation deficiency in tea plantation fields.
Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is a novel diet therapy that may achieve reduction in body weight and improvement of dyslipidaemia, but the impact of this diet on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver ...disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ADF on the body weight and lipid profile of individuals with NAFLD.
NAFLD patients (n = 271) were randomised to the ADF group, time-restricted feeding (TRF) group, or the control group and subjected to the respective diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, fat mass/fat-free mass) were performed, and plasma lipids were analysed enzymatically.
Within 4 weeks, the body weight decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in the ADF group by 4.56 ± 0.41 kg (6.1 ± 0.5%) and the TRF group by 3.62 ± 0.65 kg (4.83 ± 0.9%) compared to the control group, and it decreased even more after 12 weeks in both groups (ADF: - 4.04 ± 0.54 kg, 5.4 ± 0.7%; TRF: - 3.25 ± 0.67 kg, 4.3 ± 0.9%). Fat mass was significantly reduced by ADF (- 3.49 ± 0.37 kg; 11 ± 1.2%) and TRF (- 2.91 ± 0.41 kg; 9.6 ± 1.3%), with ADF leading to a further reduction in fat mass after 12 weeks (- 3.48 ± 0.38 kg; 11 ± 1.2%). Total cholesterol was significantly decreased at both time points in the ADF group (- 0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/L; 18.5 ± 1.5%) compared to the control and TRF groups. Both ADF (- 0.64 ± 0.06 mmol/L; 25 ± 1.9%) and TRF (0.58 ± 0.07 mmol/L; 20 ± 1.7%) achieved a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (P < 0.001) after 12 weeks. Changes in fat free mass, HDL, LDL, fasting insulin, glucose, liver stiffness, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the groups.
ADF appears to be an effective diet therapy for individuals with NAFLD that can achieve weight loss and improvement of dyslipidaemia within a relatively short period of time (4 to 12 weeks). Potential preventive effects of ADF on cardiovascular disease need to be confirmed by future investigations.
ChiCTR1900024411, this trial was retrospectively registered on July 10, 2019.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Soil microbial communities affect nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. However, the variations in microbial diversity and community composition within degraded landscapes remain unclear. Using ...high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes and internal transcribed spacer fungal sequences, we investigated the rhizosphere microbial diversity and community of coniferous Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forests in degraded lands across a chronosequence that spanned over 60 years (10, 25, 40, and 60 years since restoration, four forest stands). We found significant differences in soil bacterial and fungal communities among stand ages. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria dominated the rhizosphere, whereas Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Zygomycota prevailed as fungal components. With stand development, bacterial diversity decreased, but fungal diversity increased. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis separated bacterial community clusters well by stands. Fungal community clusters of 25‐ and 60‐year‐old stands overlapped. The dominant bacteria Acidobacteria showed the highest relative abundance at the 40‐year‐old stands. Soil microbial communities correlated significantly with the macro‐nutrients (soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous). Additionally, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria at the phylum level correlated positively with soil total phosphorous; Deltaproteobacteria at the class level correlated positively with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Thus, restoring vegetation in degraded temperate forests enhanced some macronutrients and influenced microbial communities. Our results revealed that restoring vegetation in degraded lands decreased the diversity of bacterial communities over time. In contrast, the soil fungal diversity increased after restoration, and fungal communities in the 25‐ and 60‐year‐old forest stands overlapped on degraded soils.
Summary
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis is involved in the regulation of neuropathic pain (NP). Here, we performed experiments to test whether the ...CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) via central sensitization mechanisms.
Methods
Neuropathic pain was induced and assessed in a SNL rat model. The expression and distribution of CXCL12 or CXCR4 were examined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. The effects of CXCL12 rat peptide, CXCL12 neutralizing antibody, CXCR4 antagonist, and astrocyte metabolic inhibitor on pain hypersensitivity were explored by behavioral tests in naive or SNL rats. We measured the expression level of c‐Fos and CGRP to evaluate the sensitization of neurons by RT‐PCR. The activation of astrocyte and microglia was analyzed by measuring the level of GFAP and iba‐1. The mRNA levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and Connexin 30, Connexin 43, EAAT 1, EAAT 2 were also detected by RT‐PCR.
Results
First, we found that the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was upregulated after SNL. CXCL12 was mainly expressed in the neurons while CXCR4 was expressed both in astrocytes and neurons in the spinal dorsal horn after SNL. Moreover, intrathecal administration of rat peptide, CXCL12, induced hypersensitivity in naive rats, which was partly reversed by fluorocitrate. In addition, the CXCL12 rat peptide increased mRNA levels of c‐Fos, GFAP, and iba‐1. A single intrathecal injection of CXCL12 neutralizing antibody transiently reversed neuropathic pain in the SNL rat model. Consecutive use of CXCL12 neutralizing antibody led to significant delay in the induction of neuropathic pain, and reduced the expression of GFAP and iba‐1 in the spinal dorsal horn. Finally, repeated intrathecal administration of the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, significantly suppressed the initiation and duration of neuropathic pain. The mRNA levels of c‐Fos, CGRP, GFAP, iba‐1, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, also including Connexin 30 and Connexin 43 were decreased after injection of AMD3100, while EAAT 1 and EAAT 2 mRNAs were increased.
Conclusion
We demonstrate that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain via central sensitization mechanisms. Importantly, intervening with CXCL12/CXCR4 presents an effective therapeutic approach to treat the neuropathic pain.
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