Recent studies with single-particle tracking in live cells have revealed that chromatin dynamics are directly affected by transcription. However, how transcription alters the chromatin movements ...followed by changes in the physical properties of chromatin has not been elucidated. Here, we measured diffusion characteristics of chromatin by targeting telomeric DNA repeats with CRISPR-labeling. We found that transcription inhibitors that directly block transcription factors globally increased the movements of chromatin, while the other inhibitor that blocks transcription by DNA intercalating showed an opposite effect. We hypothesized that the increased mobility of chromatin by transcription inhibition and the decreased chromatin movement by a DNA intercalating inhibitor is due to alterations in chromatin rigidity. We also tested how volume confinement of nuclear space affects chromatin movements. We observed decreased chromatin movements under osmotic pressure and with overexpressed chromatin architectural proteins that compact chromatin.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of
(VCE) on exercise-induced fatigue in mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups; nonexercise control group (CON), ...exercise control group (Ex-CON), and exercise and VCE supplementation group (Ex-VCE). Compared with Ex-CON, Ex-VCE showed increased endurance exercise capacity on day 21. In Ex-VCE mice, the accumulation of lactate was inhibited and the consumption of fatty acids was enhanced, indicating the delay of muscle fatigue. In addition, VCE supplementation elevated mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1
coactivator 1
(PGC-1
), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and fatty acid
-oxidation-associated genes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1),
-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (
-HAD), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-
(PPAR-
). These results suggest that VCE can potentially prevent muscle fatigue by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid
-oxidation.
Introduction
This study examined the application of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide to community‐dwelling older persons in South Korea.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study design was ...used. The data were collected by surveying 200 older persons (117 female, 83 male) aged over 65 years at welfare centers for older persons. The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale were used to assess participants' thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, suicidal ideation, attempts, and the capability for suicide. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the fitness of a model based on the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide. This theory described that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness lead to suicidal ideation, which is transformed into suicide attempts through an acquired capability for suicide.
Results
Perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among older persons, whereas thwarted belongingness was not. Furthermore, suicidal ideation influenced suicide attempts. The acquired capability for suicide moderated the relationship between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Conclusions
To prevent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among older persons, it is important to prevent them from feeling that they are a burden.
Abstract only
The present study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of high‐purity β‐glucan on macrophage, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cell mediated factors. High‐purity β‐glucan on ...cytotoxicity in macrophage was investigated. Using macrophage, cytotoxicity of high‐purity β‐glucan was evaluated by MTT assay. We treated high‐purity β‐glucan at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μg/mL in macrophage. High‐purity β‐glucan did not affect the macrophage viability. Phagocytic activity was used zymosan. High‐purity β‐glucan cell was significantly increased as compared with the zymosan. We treated high‐purity β‐glucan to murine NK cells co‐incubated with YAC‐1 cells. High‐purity β‐glucan resulted in a significantly increased activity of Natural killer cell as compared with the control. In addition, treatment of macrophage with high‐purity β‐glucan resulted in a significantly increased activity of T cell mediated cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐12, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α) levels as compared with the control. In conclusion, high‐purity β‐glucan could enhance immune response through activation of macrophage, NK cell, and T cell mediated factors.
Support or Funding Information
This reserch was financially supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT, 20151810) through the research and development for regional industry.
Ferulic acid was orally administered to mice in order to investigate its effects on exercise endurance capacity. When a single administration of ferulic acid was given to the mice in an ...adjustable-current water pool, the duration of exhaustive swimming was longer than that exhibited by the mice in the control group. Also, when the mice were exhaustively exercised for 3 consecutive days, no change in swimming time was found in the ferulic acid-administered group on the final day, and a large decrease in the untreated mice. Administration of ferulic acid efficiently activated the hepatic antioxidative defense system during exercise. The mice that received ferulic acid showed significant increases in the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Furthermore, an increased glutathione level was observed, while the malondialdehyde content was reduced. These results suggest that ferulic acid possesses stimulatory effects that can enhance exercise endurance capacity and reduce fatigue by elevating antioxidative potentials.
Allotropy is a fundamental concept that has been frequently studied since the mid-1800s. Although the bulk allotropy of elemental solids is fairly well understood, it remains challenging to reliably ...produce an allotrope at the nanoscale that has a different crystal structure and accompanies a change in physical properties for specific applications. Here, we demonstrate a "heterostructure" approach to produce allotrope-like bismuth nanowires, where it utilizes the lattice constant difference between bismuth and tellurium in core/shell structure. We find that the resultant strain of 100-grown Bi nanowires increases the atomic linear density along the c-axis that has been predicted from theoretical considerations, enabling us to establish a design rule for strain-induced allotropic transformation. With our >400-nm-diameter nanowires, we measure a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 0.5 at room temperature with reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced Seebeck coefficient, which are primarily a result of the rough interface and the reduced band overlap according to our density-functional calculations.
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The fatigue-alleviating effects on mice of Rubus coreanus were investigated by using an adjustable-current water pool. The mice were exhaustively exercised for 2 consecutive days, and those ...administered with the 80% ethanol extract (RCE) of R. coreanus displayed a lower reduction (20%) in swimming time on day 2 than the control group (41% reduction). RCE significantly prevented the depletion of hepatic antioxidants during exercise-induced fatigue. These results suggest that RCE alleviated fatigue by elevating the antioxidative potential.
We examined how to verify the circuit aging performance regarding the easily missed, but considerable stress conditions of transistors. First, power-down mode of integrated circuits may influence ...unintended device degradation and cause aging-induced mismatching of the circuit. Next, Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI) for PMOS, unlike NMOS, is less significant for device-level reliability, yet some PBTI degradation for PMOS may still cause risk in sensitive circuit. These aging verification methods developed here can help circuit designers against aging and provide more robust product solutions.
