This paper presents the analytical modeling and experimental study for electromagnetic analysis of tubular linear synchronous machines with axially magnetized permanent magnets, accounting for the ...flux-passing iron pole. The field domains are divided into five regions: air gap (I, III), coreless winding (II), outer magnet mover (i), and nonmagnetic material (IV). The governing equation in all subdomains can be solved, and the field distribution can be obtained by applying the boundary conditions to the interfaces between the subdomains. The analytical solutions allow for the prediction of the back electromotive force, inductance, and generating characteristics in closed forms. The magnetic field and electromagnetic performance obtained by the analytical method were compared with those obtained by the finite element method and experimental test. In turn, these facilitate the characterization of the machines and provide a basis for comparative studies, design optimization, system dynamic modeling and simulations, and control development.
This paper proposes 2D equivalent analysis techniques for BLDC motors with 3D structures that are permanent magnet (PM) overhang and housing-integrated rotor core. These 3D structures require 3D ...analysis method for accuracy of analysis. However, being a time consuming process, 3D analysis method is not a suitable choice for initial motor design. In this paper, it is proposed that this limitation can be addressed by replacing 3D structures with 2D equivalent analysis techniques. First, PM overhang is corrected to have same magnetic energy as in 2D analysis model. Second, housing-integrated rotor core is corrected to consider magnetic flux in radial direction. Finally, the 2D equivalent analysis techniques is validated by comparing experimental results of electromagnetic performance with corrected and uncorrected 2D analysis models.
This article proposes an improved analytical approach to the electromagnetic performance of a linear oscillatory actuator, considering the end and stacking effects of the outer and inner cores. A ...simplified analytical model is defined with several assumptions taking into account the end effect of the outer and inner core in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">z </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis direction. Maxwell's equations, partial differential equations, and Fourier series are used to derive the general solution in each subdomain of the proposed model. By calculating the boundary conditions applied in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">r </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">z </tex-math></inline-formula>-directions, unknown coefficients of analytical solutions are derived. The electromagnetic performances are expressed mathematically from the derived analytical solutions. To increase the accuracy of the proposed analytical method, a stacking factor that considers manufacturability is applied to the calculation of the electromagnetic performances. The validity of the proposed analytical method is verified by comparing the results of 2-D and 3-D finite-element analyses and the experiment.
Gastric cancer (GC) is commonly treated by chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives and platinum combination, but predictive biomarker remains lacking. We develop patient-derived ...xenografts (PDXs) from 31 GC patients and treat with a combination of 5-FU and oxaliplatin, to determine biomarkers associated with responsiveness. When the PDXs are defined as either responders or non-responders according to tumor volume change after treatment, the responsiveness of PDXs is significantly consistent with the respective clinical outcomes of the patients. An integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of PDXs reveals that pathways associated with cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions enriched among the non-responders in both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). We develop a 30-gene prediction model to determine the responsiveness to 5-FU and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and confirm the significant poor survival outcomes among cases classified as non-responder-like in three independent GC cohorts. Our study may inform clinical decision-making when designing treatment strategies.
This paper presents the electromagnetic analysis and experimental verification of PMSM considering axial flux leakage and end-winding leakage inductance based on the subdomain method. To consider the ...axial leakage flux, an analytical solution is derived by applying the corrected relative permeability to the slot and slot opening of the simplified analytical model. The leakage inductance due to end-winding is divided into self and mutual, calculated separately, and compensated with the leakage component of synchronous inductance. The validity of the analysis results calculated from the proposed method was compared with the results calculated from the 2D and 3D finite element methods. In particular, through the performance evaluation results under no-load and rated-load conditions, the proposed analytical results were validated. Therefore, the proposed analytical method can predict an accurate characteristic analysis by considering the end-winding and the axial leakage flux in the design stage.
The prevalence and clinical characteristics of depressive disorders differ between women and men; however, the genetic contribution to sex differences in depressive disorders has not been elucidated. ...To evaluate sex-specific differences in the genetic architecture of depression, whole exome sequencing of samples from 1000 patients (70.7% female) with depressive disorder was conducted. Control data from healthy individuals with no psychiatric disorder (n = 72, 26.4% female) and East-Asian subpopulation 1000 Genome Project data (n = 207, 50.7% female) were included. The genetic variation between men and women was directly compared using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Qualitative analysis identified five genetic markers potentially associated with increased risk of depressive disorder in females, including three variants (rs201432982 within PDE4A, and rs62640397 and rs79442975 within FDX1L) mapping to chromosome 19p13.2 and two novel variants (rs820182 and rs820148) within MYO15B at the chromosome 17p25.1 locus. Depressed patients homozygous for these variants showed more severe depressive symptoms and higher suicidality than those who were not homozygotes (i.e., heterozygotes and homozygotes for the non-associated allele). Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the genetic burden of protein-truncating and deleterious variants was higher in males than females, even after permutation testing. Our study provides novel genetic evidence that the higher prevalence of depressive disorders in women may be attributable to inherited variants.
Purpose
Accurate prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy may aid in selecting patients who forego ...surgery for breast cancer. We evaluated the accuracy of US-guided biopsy aided by MRI in predicting pCR in the breast after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Methods
After completion of NAC, 40 patients with near pCR (either tumor size ≤ 0.5 cm or lesion-to-background signal enhancement ratio (L-to-B SER) ≤ 1.6 on MRI) and no diffused residual microcalcifications were prospectively enrolled at a single institution. US-guided multiple core needle biopsy (CNB) or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) of the tumor bed, followed by standard surgical excision, was performed. Matched biopsy and surgical specimens were compared to assess pCR. The negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and false-negative rate (FNR) were analyzed.
Results
pCR was confirmed in 27 (67.5%) surgical specimens. Preoperative biopsy had an NPV, accuracy, and FNR of 87.1%, 90.0%, and 30.8%, respectively. NPV for hormone receptor-negative and hormone receptor-positive tumors were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. Obtaining at least 5 biopsy cores based on tumor size ≤ 0.5 cm and an L-to-B SER of ≤ 1.6 on MRI (27 patients) resulted in 100% NPV and accuracy. No differences in accuracy were noted between CNB and VAB (90% vs. 90%).
Conclusions
Investigation using stringent MRI criteria and ultrasound-guided biopsy could accurately predict patients with pCR after NAC. A larger prospective clinical trial evaluating the clinical safety of breast surgery omission after NAC in selected patients will be conducted based on these findings.
This paper presents an analysis of demagnetization of an outer rotor type brushless DC (BLDC) motor with a permanent magnet (PM) overhang structure. The proposed model converts the operating points ...of PM to consider such a three-dimensional (3D) structure in two dimensions (2D). In addition, the rotor yoke thickness of the proposed model is increased to consider the housing rotor. Ferrite PMs require demagnetization analysis owing to their decreasing coercivity at lower temperatures compared with rare-earth PMs. Hence, demagnetization analysis is conducted using a proposed model while considering, the PM overhang structure. The demagnetization analysis results are compared with the results of proposed model and 3D FEA analyses.
This study presents an approach to optimizing the output power in a magnetically geared generator by employing subdomain modeling and particle swarm optimization. Accordingly, the subdomain ...analytical method is utilized to obtain the induced voltage, inductance which are used to predict output power. Afterward, the swarm intelligence optimization technique is applied to reach the maximum output power point. The 12/17/15 prototype evaluated the proposed model by comparing the calculated results and finite element method simulation.
A randomized clinical trial has found that the addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine (GEM-E) for pancreatic cancer led to a modest increase in survival. The aim of this national population-based ...retrospective study was to compare the effectiveness of GEM-E to GEM alone for pancreatic cancer patients in real clinical practice.
Patients with pancreatic cancer (ICD-10: C25) with prescription claims of gemcitabine or erlotinib between Jan 1, 2007 and Dec 31, 2012 were retrospectively identified from the Korean Health Insurance claims database. To be included in the study population, patients were required to have had a histological or cytological diagnosis within one year before chemotherapy. Patients treated with prior radiotherapy, surgery, or chemotherapy were excluded to reduce heterogeneity. Overall survival from the initiation of therapy and the medical costs of GEM-E and GEM were compared.
A total of 4,267 patients were included in the analysis. Overall survival was not significantly longer in patients treated with GEM-E (median 6.77 months for GEM-E vs. 6.68 months for GEM, p = 0.0977). There was also no significant difference in the respective one-year survival rates (27.0 % vs. 27.3 %; p = 0.5988). Multivariate analysis using age, gender, and comorbidities as covariates did not reveal any significant differences in survival. Based on this relative effectiveness, the incremental cost per life year gained over GEM was estimated at USD 70,843.64 for GEM-E.
GEM-E for pancreatic cancer is not more effective than GEM in a real-world setting, and it does not provide reasonable cost-effectiveness over GEM.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
